CN113109265A - 一种细菌光热检测试剂、试剂盒及检测方法 - Google Patents
一种细菌光热检测试剂、试剂盒及检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物检测技术领域,具体涉及一种细菌光热检测试剂、试剂盒及检测方法。将MPBA功能化至AuNPs表面,MPBA包含两个官能团:可与Au结合的巯基基团,以及与细菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖共价结合的硼酸基团。当体系不存在细菌时,继续添加过量的MPBA可以通过形成环酯选择性地结合顺式二醇基团,引起MPBA‑AuNPs聚集,使溶液从红色转变为蓝色。而当体系中存在细菌时,将MPBA‑AuNPs固定在细菌表面,过量的MPBA引起AuNPs聚集不明显。由于聚集的和未聚集状态的AuNPs的光热转换效率不同,经激光器照射后,溶液产生的温度变化不同,通过普通数字温度计检测温度变化即可定量转化为对应细菌浓度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物检测技术领域,具体涉及一种细菌光热检测试剂、试剂盒及检测方法。
背景技术
微生物的快速检测在食品安全、水环境监测、公共安全和医疗诊断等方面具有重要意义。传统的微生物检测的方法主要包括培养法、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)等,但这些方法往往具有耗时、灵敏度低和特异性差或者需要专业的设备和专业人员的弊端。
而近年来,随着生命科学、物理学、分析化学、纳米科学以及信息科学和其他相关技术的发展,基于纳米材料的比色法在分析检测领域引起了极大的关注,但比色法的信号读取方式分为两种,一种基于肉眼的颜色判断,灵敏度较低;另一种需借助酶标仪或分光光度计,依赖于大型仪器的方式无法满足床旁检测简便、即时的需求。
基于便携式温度计的生物传感器在快速检测得到广泛讨论,但其在微生物检测领域应用较少,且已有的基于温度计的微生物检测方法操作繁琐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足,而提供一种细菌光热检测试剂、试剂盒及检测方法。
本发明的第一方面,提供一种细菌光热检测试剂,其包含巯基苯硼酸(MPBA)修饰的纳米金颗粒。其中,MPBA具体可选择4-MPBA或3-MPBA。
进一步的,MPBA修饰的纳米金颗粒的制备为:用柠檬酸盐还原法合成胶体金纳米颗粒,得到柠檬酸根阴离子稳定的胶体金纳米颗粒混合体系,然后加入MPBA反应,得到MPBA修饰的纳米金颗粒。
进一步的,所加入的MPBA浓度为0.04 mM,加入MPBA后反应时间为20 min。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种细菌光热检测试剂盒,其包含试剂一、试剂二、激光器、温度检测装置;
所述试剂一为如上所述的细菌光热检测试剂;
所述试剂二包含MPBA。
进一步的,所述激光器可形成照射功率为1 W/cm2的激光。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种细菌光热检测方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将如权利要求1-3任一项所述的细菌光热检测试剂与待测溶液反应;
(2)在步骤(1)反应结束后的体系中加入MPBA,进行反应;
(3)将步骤(2)反应结束后的体系用激光照射,并使用温度检测装置监测温度变化。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,反应的时间为15-45min。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,MPBA加入的浓度为0.5 mM,反应时间为30 min。
进一步的,步骤(3)中,激光照射采用激光器照射功率的1 W/cm2,照射时间3 min。
本发明的有益效果如下:本发明将MPBA功能化至AuNPs表面,MPBA包含两个官能团:可与Au结合的巯基基团,以及与细菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖共价结合的硼酸基团。当体系不存在细菌时,继续添加过量的MPBA(50 μM)可以通过形成环酯选择性地结合顺式二醇基团,中和斥力从而引起MPBA-AuNPs聚集,使溶液从红色转变为蓝色。而当体系中存在细菌时,MPBA-AuNPs将通过共价键与细菌细胞壁上存在的多糖的顺式-二醇基团结合,从而将MPBA-AuNPs固定在细菌表面,过量的MPBA引起AuNPs聚集不明显。由于聚集的和未聚集状态的AuNPs的光热转换效率不同,经激光器照射后,溶液产生的温度变化不同,通过普通数字温度计检测温度变化即可定量转化为对应细菌浓度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,根据这些附图获得其他的附图仍属于本发明的范畴。
图1 为基于4-MPBA诱导纳米金聚集的细菌光热检测原理图;
图2为4-MPBA诱导纳米金聚集体系的可行性验证;(A)-(D)分别为4-MPBA-AuNPs、4-MPBA-AuNPs+E.coli O157:H7、4-MPBA-AuNPs+过量4-MPBA和4-MPBA-AuNPs+E.coliO157:H7+过量4-MPBA的透射电镜图像(TEM);(E)为经激光照射后对应温度上升值图像;(F)为UV-vis中吸光度的变化;
图3为基于4-MPBA诱导纳米金聚集体系反应条件的优化;激光器照射功率(A)和时间(B),4-MPBA功能化浓度和时间(C),细菌与4-MPBA-AuNPs体系孵育时间(D),过量4-MPBA聚集浓度(E)及时间(F);
图4为大肠杆菌的检测性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的材料及来源如下:氯金酸购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。柠檬酸三钠和4-巯基苯硼酸购自Sigma-Aldrich(美国)。碳酸氢铵购自阿拉丁化学有限公司。实验用水均为超纯水,电导率为18.2 MΩ cm。
以下实施例中所使用的仪器如下:多功能酶标仪(SpectraMax iD3,美谷分子仪器有限公司,上海)、高速冷冻离心机(5417 R 型,Eppendorf,德国)、集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(DF-101S型,上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司)、红外光热检测平台(MW-GX-660/2000MW,长春镭仕光电科技有限公司),紫外可见光谱分析仪(凌析 V-3000,上海凌析仪器有限公司)、便携式温度计(榛利GL637,福州榛利机光电科技有限公司)、JEM-2100F高分辨透射电子显微镜(JEM-2100F,日本东京)等。
实施例1: 4-MPBA-AuNP的合成
胶体金纳米颗粒用柠檬酸盐还原法合成,具体过程如下:在剧烈搅拌下,通过油浴将100 mL HAuCl4(0.01% w/w)溶液加热至120℃,然后将10 mL 38.8 mM柠檬酸三钠快速加入上述溶液中。溶液的颜色从浅黄色变为无色,最后呈酒红色,持续加热15分钟后停止加热,继续搅拌至溶液冷却至室温(〜2 h)。通过在4℃下以5,000 rpm离心30分钟获得产物,并将其重新分散在缓冲溶液(10 mM NH4HCO3)中,得到柠檬酸根阴离子稳定的AuNPs混合体系,4°C保存备用。
将4-MPBA(0.004 mM)添加到柠檬酸根阴离子稳定的AuNPs混合体系中,制备4-MPBA-AuNPs。
实施例2:利用AuNPs的光热效应进行细菌检测
实验所用的大肠杆菌O157:H7(E. coli O157:H7)为本实验室保存菌株,使用Luria-Bertani(LB)液体培养基(胰蛋白胨1%,氯化钠1%,酵母提取物0.5%,水100 mL)培养,单个菌落在恒温摇床下(250 rpm,37℃)培养至对数期(6-12 h)。然后,以4000 rpm离心5分钟,去离子水洗涤三次,使用缓冲溶液(10 mM NH4HCO3)将细菌稀释至不同浓度(101-109cfu/mL)。
将1 mL新制备的4-MPBA-AuNPs溶液与不同浓度的大肠杆菌混合,在室温下反应适当的时间(30 min)。然后,通过添加过量的4-MPBA(0.05 mM)以诱导4-MPBA-AuNPs聚集。将混合溶液用激光(660 nm,1 W/cm2)照射3分钟,并使用数字温度计监测温度变化。
本实施例提供一种基于4-MPBA诱导纳米金聚集的细菌光热检测方法,其原理如图1所示,首先,将4-MPBA功能化至AuNPs表面,4-MPBA包含两个官能团:可与Ag或Au结合的巯基基团,以及与细菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖共价结合的硼酸基团。当体系不存在细菌时,继续添加过量的4-MPBA(50 μM)可以通过形成环酯选择性地结合顺式二醇基团,中和斥力从而引起4-MPBA-AuNPs聚集,使溶液从红色转变为蓝色。而当体系中存在细菌时,4-MPBA-AuNPs将通过共价键与细菌细胞壁上存在的多糖的顺式-二醇基团结合,从而将4-MPBA-AuNPs固定在细菌表面,过量的4-MPBA引起AuNPs聚集不明显。由于聚集的和未聚集状态的AuNPs的光热转换效率不同,经功率为1.0 W/cm2的660 nm激光器照射3分钟后,溶液产生的温度变化不同,通过普通数字温度计检测温度变化即可定量转化为对应细菌浓度。
如图2(A)-(E)所示,分散状态的4-MPBA-AuNPs,及其与细菌结合引起的温度上升均不显著,而加入过量4-MPBA后,引起温度剧烈上升,此时当体系中存在细菌时,温度上升受到抑制。由此证实本研究具有可行性。通过图2F中的UV-vis中吸光度的变化进一步验证温度变化。
实施例3:基于4-MPBA诱导纳米金聚集的细菌光热检测方法的条件优化
对激光器照射功率和时间、4-MPBA功能化浓度和时间、细菌与4-MPBA-AuNPs体系反应时间、过量4-MPBA聚集浓度及时间进行优化,如图3所示,其最优检测条件为激光器照射功率1 W/cm2,照射时间3 min,4-MPBA功能化浓度和时间为0.04 mM,20 min,细菌与4-MPBA-AuNPs体系反应时间为30 min,过量4-MPBA聚集浓度和时间为0.5 mM,30 min。
优化后的最优检测条件下,对E. coli O157:H7进行检测。如图4A所示,当细菌浓度低于107 cfu / mL时,由于颜色相似,肉眼很难区分不同浓度的样品。而通过我们的光热检测法,E. coli O157:H7线性检测范围可扩增至105 cfu/mL-109 cfu/mL,最低检测限为1.97×104 cfu/mL,比肉眼比色法提高约三个数量级。
实施例4:试样检测
使用过滤后的自来水,稀释的牛奶和血液作为模拟样品,其中加入浓度为109 cfu/mL的E. coli O157:H7,使用上述检测流程对其进行检测。如表1所示,大肠杆菌回收率范围为97.14%-104.20%,由此证实该方法具有潜在的实际应用价值。
表1 大肠杆菌O157:H7在自来水,牛奶和血液样本中的回收率
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种细菌光热检测试剂,其特征在于:其包含MPBA修饰的纳米金颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的细菌光热检测试剂,其特征在于:MPBA修饰的纳米金颗粒的制备为:用柠檬酸盐还原法合成胶体金纳米颗粒,得到柠檬酸根阴离子稳定的胶体金纳米颗粒混合体系,然后加入MPBA反应,得到MPBA修饰的纳米金颗粒。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的细菌光热检测试剂,其特征在于:所加入的MPBA浓度为0.04mM,加入MPBA后反应时间为20 min。
4.一种细菌光热检测试剂盒,其特征在于:其包含试剂一、试剂二、激光器、温度检测装置;
所述试剂一为如权利要求1-3任一项所述的细菌光热检测试剂;
所述试剂二包含MPBA。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的细菌光热检测试剂盒,其特征在于:所述激光器可形成照射功率为1 W/cm2的激光。
6.一种细菌光热检测方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将如权利要求1-3任一项所述的细菌光热检测试剂与待测溶液反应;
(2)在步骤(1)反应结束后的体系中加入MPBA,进行反应;
(3)将步骤(2)反应结束后的体系用激光照射,并使用温度检测装置监测温度变化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的细菌光热检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,反应的时间为15-45min。
8. 根据权利要求6所述的细菌光热检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,MPBA加入的浓度为0.5 mM,反应时间为30 min。
9. 根据权利要求6所述的细菌光热检测方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,激光照射采用激光器照射功率的1 W/cm2,照射时间3 min。
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