CN113106181B - Pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment - Google Patents
Pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113106181B CN113106181B CN202110306089.4A CN202110306089A CN113106181B CN 113106181 B CN113106181 B CN 113106181B CN 202110306089 A CN202110306089 A CN 202110306089A CN 113106181 B CN113106181 B CN 113106181B
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Abstract
The invention relates to pure oxygen two-section type preheating reduction iron-making equipment which is provided with a smoke exhaust section, a preheating section, a reduction section and a hearth section; the furnace body is provided with a cyclone mineral powder spray gun, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun, a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun, an oxygen lance, a coal gun, an iron outlet and a slag outlet from top to bottom. The equipment is used for miningThe powder and coal powder are sprayed into the furnace by taking gas as a power medium, mineral powder and oxygen are sprayed into the preheating section in a cyclone manner, the mixture of the intensified oxygen and the mineral powder is combusted, and the mineral powder is enabled to fall to the wall of the preheating section to reach the reduction section for intensified preheating. Coal powder is sprayed into a metal molten pool and dissolved into the molten pool to react with ferrous oxide in the mineral powder to generate CO and molten iron; CO, furnace gas and coal volatile matter rise to drive liquid metal and slag to form a Yongquan and O introduced 2 The heat generated by combustion is transferred to the surged slag and metal droplets, and the droplets fall back to transfer the heat to the molten pool and stir the molten pool and carry out reduction reaction. The equipment uses coal powder and mineral powder to perform smelting reduction ironmaking, and realizes ironmaking without coke, with low emission and low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smelting reduction iron-making device, in particular to a pure oxygen two-section type preheating reduction iron-making device, belonging to the technical field of non-blast furnace iron-making.
Background
Currently, blast furnace ironmaking technologies and process equipment using coke have been over 400 years old and are the most mature ironmaking equipment and process to date. Over the past 100 years, the basic principles of blast furnaces have not changed despite many improvements to blast furnace equipment to perfect operation. The blast furnace is, of course, one of the cornerstones of the first and second industrial revolution. However, due to the extension of human culture and the advancement of technology, the blast furnace still has obvious defects, which are mainly reflected in four aspects: high-proportion coking coal is used in the ingredients; environmental emissions problems associated with coking and sintering; the fine ore can not be directly used for charging; and the dephosphorization is impossible. Particularly, under the background of emphasizing environmental protection and green development, the steel industry must continuously develop a high-efficiency, low-cost and clean smelting technology to meet the requirements of environmental protection and green development at present. In the future, the iron-making technology must be developed to the aspects of high efficiency, low consumption, energy conservation, emission reduction, green, low-carbon cleaning, intelligent concentration and the like.
In some areas of the world, new non-blast furnace ironmaking techniques have been developed for the deficiencies of blast furnaces and have met with some success, such as rotary kiln, tunnel kiln, rotary hearth furnace techniques for carbon-containing pellets. The smelting temperature of the existing rotary kiln is 1100-1200 ℃, the smelting temperature is low, the yield of Zn and Pb is low, the metallization rate of products is low, and the improvement of the smelting temperature can improve the yield of Zn and Pb and the metallization rate of products, but the problems of ring formation of the kiln and the like exist, the operation rate is seriously influenced, and the problem is also the main reason for restricting the development of the rotary kiln.
The rotary hearth furnace technology has the characteristics of high reduction reaction speed and high resource utilization efficiency when being used for carrying out comprehensive treatment on metallurgical dust, and provides efficient equipment for utilizing solid wastes of iron and steel enterprises. At present, a plurality of rotary hearth furnace production lines are built in China, and production practices show that the rotary hearth furnace and the process thereof are mature in the aspect of processing zinc-containing metallurgical dust and sludge, but the process has the disadvantages of high fuel consumption and high production cost, and the metallized pellets belong to semi-finished products, so that the utilization of the metallized pellets is limited.
The Corex technology jointly developed by KORF company of germany and austempered steel combines two mature processes of shaft furnace and coal gasification, pre-reduction of iron-containing materials is carried out in the shaft furnace, and final reduction and coal gasification are carried out by using a coal fluidized bed as a smelting container. Corex is the first smelting reduction iron-making technology for commercialization and industrialization, but the technology has the disadvantages of strict requirements on raw fuel, complex equipment, long service life and low furnace life, and is not beneficial to popularization of the technology. Commercial Finex technology developed by korean POSCO corporation based on Corex technology has also achieved industrial production, but the Finex technology has huge investment cost, higher production cost than conventional blast furnaces, and still relies on coke, with high requirements for raw materials.
The HIsmelt technology which is dominated by the australian force company is a technology which is most likely to realize industrialization at present, and the basic process route is similar to the Finex technology, but the HIsmelt technology is more attractive than the Finex technology, and has better application prospect in the aspect of smelting ore species, such as process parameters obtained by directly smelting high phosphorus ore and the like, than the Finex technology.
The main equipment shell of the HIsmelt reduction furnace (SRV) consists of an upper water-cooled furnace shell and a hearth with a built refractory material at the lower part, coal and part of mineral powder are sprayed into a molten pool at high speed by a downward inclined water-cooled spray gun, and the sprayed mineral powder is in contact with carbon-rich molten iron and then is subjected to reduction smelting; blowing 1200 ℃ oxygen-enriched hot air from a top spray gun, mixing the oxygen-enriched hot air with coal gas (main component CO) at the upper part of a molten pool, and burning the mixture in an upper oxidation zone to maintain the heat required by the heat balance in the furnace. However, the process has some defects that furnace gas discharged from the furnace top is low-calorific-value coal gas, the temperature is as high as about 1400 ℃, and the heat energy utilization rate is low; and the production capacity is small, the refractory material is seriously corroded and damaged, the advantages of the process energy consumption and the production cost are not obvious, and the popularization and application time in mass production is relatively short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high emission, high pollution and high energy consumption of the existing iron-making equipment, and provides the pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction iron-making equipment which uses the anti-corrosion refractory material structure and can prolong the service life, has strong adaptability to raw materials and fuels, can directly use iron ore powder and non-coking coal powder for smelting, completely gets rid of the dependence on coke resources, has low process energy consumption and production cost, can produce high-quality molten iron, realizes low-carbon green iron-making, and meets the requirement of clean iron-making production.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: providing pure oxygen two-section type preheating reduction iron-making equipment, which comprises a smoke exhaust section, a preheating section, a reduction section and a hearth section which are sequentially connected from top to bottom and provided with a steel shell and cooling wall structure; the furnace wall is provided with a mineral powder spray gun, an oxygen lance, a coal lance, a slag outlet and an iron outlet; the smoke discharging section arranged at the upper part of the furnace body is used for discharging smoke;
the preheating section is a cylindrical furnace body, a refractory brick, a cooling wall and a steel shell are sequentially arranged on the furnace wall from inside to outside, and a gap between the cooling wall and the steel shell is filled and pressed with a refractory material; the preheating section is sequentially provided with a cyclone mineral powder spray gun, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun from top to bottom along the furnace wall; each cyclone mineral powder spray gun, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun penetrate through the steel shell, are pressed with refractory materials, are cooled on the wall and are made to enter the preheating section furnace body;
the reduction section is a truncated cone cylindrical furnace body, the truncated cone-shaped furnace body at the upper end of the reduction section is connected with the preheating section, and the cylindrical furnace body at the lower part of the reduction section is connected with the hearth section; the reduction section furnace body is sequentially provided with a brick-inlaid cooling wall and a steel shell from the inner wall to the outer wall, and a gap between the brick-inlaid cooling wall and the steel shell is filled with and pressed with a refractory material; the reduction section is sequentially provided with an oxygen lance and a coal lance from top to bottom along the furnace body; the oxygen lance and the coal lance penetrate through the steel shell, are pressed into refractory materials and are inserted into the furnace of the reduction section in an inclined manner by embedding the brick cooling wall, and the nozzle of the oxygen lance and the nozzle of the coal lance point to a metal melting bath of the lower furnace hearth section;
the furnace hearth section is a cylindrical furnace body and is provided with a ceramic cup, a graphite carbon brick, a carbon ramming material, a plate-type cooling wall, a cooling water pipe and a steel shell, and a gap between the outer layer steel shell and the plate-type cooling wall is also filled with a pressed refractory material; the ceramic cup is arranged on the inner side of the graphite carbon brick building body, the cooling water pipe is arranged at the bottom of the graphite carbon brick, the furnace cylinder section is respectively provided with a slag outlet and a tap hole, and the tap hole leans against the bottom side of the furnace.
The cyclone mineral powder spray gun, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun which are arranged in the preheating section horizontally enter the preheating section at an angle tangent to a tangential circle, mineral powder is sprayed into the furnace through the cyclone mineral powder spray gun by taking gas as a power medium, oxygen is respectively sprayed into the furnace through the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun, the mineral powder and the oxygen form rotating fluid in the preheating section, the rotating fluid enhances the mixing of furnace gas, the oxygen and the mineral powder, combustible materials are all burned out, and the mineral powder is ensured to be intensively preheated in the process of falling to the reduction section in the preheating section in a manner of rotating close to the furnace wall.
The tangential circle is a circle which is used as the basis of the angle of each spray gun, takes the center of a horizontal layer surface of the preheating section furnace body for installing the spray guns as a circular point, and has a diameter smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body.
The iron-making equipment is characterized in that 1-8 cyclone mineral powder spray guns are uniformly arranged along the upper part of the wall of the preheating section according to the size of a furnace body and are arranged in 1-2 layers, 1-4 triple combustion oxygen spray guns are arranged and are arranged on the same horizontal layer in the middle of the preheating section, 1-4 secondary combustion oxygen spray guns are arranged and are arranged on the same horizontal layer in the lower part of the preheating section, and the spray guns arranged on each layer are respectively tangent to the tangent circle of each layer.
2-9 coal guns are arranged in the reduction section, and 1-12 oxygen guns are arranged in the reduction section; there are 1 ~ 2 slag outlets of laying at the crucible section, and the tap hole has 1 ~ 2.
The preferable number of the cyclone type mineral powder spray guns arranged in the preheating section is 1-6.
The number of the coal guns distributed in the reduction section is preferably 2-6, and the number of the oxygen guns is preferably 3-9.
The preheating section adopts a structure of installing two-stage combustion oxygen spray guns, furnace gas rises from the reduction section to the lower section of the preheating section, the temperature of the furnace gas is reduced after heat exchange with the mineral powder added from the cyclone mineral powder spray guns, oxygen for secondary combustion added from the secondary combustion oxygen spray guns and the furnace gas are combusted, the furnace temperature is increased, and the heat for preheating the mineral powder at the lower section of the preheating section is maintained; the furnace gas in the middle section of the preheating section is continuously combusted for three times with oxygen sprayed out by the oxygen spray gun for three times, so that all combustible substances in the furnace gas are burnt out, and the utilization rate of fuel is improved; and simultaneously, a coal gun arranged at the reduction section sprays coal powder onto the surface of a metal molten pool in the ceramic cup by taking gas as a power medium, volatile matters in the coal powder enter furnace gas, and the residual carbon particles are dissolved in the metal molten pool and undergo reduction reaction with ferrous oxide in the mineral powder to generate CO gas and molten iron.
The hearth section adopts a furnace bottom formed by graphite carbon bricks and corundum ceramic cups, and forms a heat conduction structure together with the plate-type cooling wall and the furnace bottom cooling water pipe, so that the hearth section is used for resisting the corrosion of slag and molten iron to prolong the service life of the hearth.
According to the pure oxygen two-section type preheating reduction iron making equipment, the temperature of the hearth section is 1370-1500 ℃; the temperature of furnace gas in the reduction section is 1400-1580 ℃; the temperature of furnace gas in the preheating section is 600-1420 ℃; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the smoke discharging section is about 500-600 ℃, and CO in the components of the flue gas 2 The concentration of (A) is more than or equal to 90 percent.
The cyclone type mineral powder spray gun in the preheating section of the invention uses gas as a power medium and sprays small-particle mineral powder into the preheating section of iron-making equipment in a rotary cutting mode, wherein the gas mainly comprises flue gas or other gases. The preheating section is provided with a two-stage combustion oxygen spray gun, and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun is used for combusting unburnt combustible substances in furnace gas flowing from the reduction section to the preheating section so as to maintain the heat of the preheating section lower section for preheating the mineral powder. The three-time combustion oxygen spray gun completely burns out unburned combustible substances in furnace gas in a preheating section, ensures that peroxy flue gas flows into a smoke discharging section, ensures that harmful metal zinc and the like in mineral powder enter dedusting ash in an oxide form, and avoids nodulation of the harmful metal zinc and the like in the smoke discharging section.
The oxygen lance sprays oxygen into the reduction section of the iron-making equipment to form a high-temperature combustion zone above the metal molten pool. The coal gun sprays small-particle coal powder into a reduction section of the iron-making equipment, and the coal powder is used as a main fuel in the furnace and a reducing agent in liquid metal in a hearth section to perform reduction reaction with the mineral powder. The reduction section adopts primary combustion, the temperature of furnace gas in the reduction section is increased, and the mineral powder is reduced into ferrous oxide in the reduction section.
Compared with the prior art, the pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment has the advantages that:
the preheating reduction ironmaking furnace equipment has strong adaptability to raw materials and fuels, can use non-coking coal as energy, directly uses iron ore powder and non-coking coal powder for smelting, completely gets rid of the dependence on coke resources, carries out iron oxide reduction under a high-temperature molten state, and completely separates slag and iron to obtain molten iron.
The mineral powder and the coal powder in the equipment mainly use flue gas to replace N 2 As the blowing power medium, on the one hand, the thermal NOx products can be reducedOn the other hand, the CO in the flue gas can be increased 2 The concentration is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the direct use of CO is convenient 2 Storage technology to reduce CO radically 2 And (4) discharging.
Thirdly, when the equipment provided by the invention is used for treating the fly ash, valuable metals such as zinc and lead in the mineral powder can be comprehensively recycled, and the recovery rate is high. Because the preheating section is always maintained in the oxidizing atmosphere, the metal zinc and the like in the mineral powder can be ensured to be discharged out of the furnace along with the flue gas in the form of oxides and be recovered in the gravity dust collector; lead sinks into the bottom of the hearth due to high specific gravity and can be discharged from the lead discharge port.
The device can improve the metal yield, and particularly, the obtained molten iron has good quality, can be directly used for converter or electric furnace steelmaking, and can also be used as high-quality cast iron for producing high-quality iron castings.
The hearth section in the equipment disclosed by the invention adopts a comprehensive furnace bottom structure of graphite carbon bricks and corundum ceramic cups with high heat conductivity coefficient and strong heat conductivity, and is combined with a high-efficiency heat conduction structure formed by the plate-type cooling wall and the furnace bottom cooling water pipe to resist the corrosion of molten slag and molten iron, so that the equipment disclosed by the invention is long in service life and can reduce the production cost.
Sixthly, the equipment can simplify the ironmaking process and reduce the pollution to the environment. The device completely saves the procedures of coking, sintering, pelletizing and the like; compared with the blast furnace process, the process saves the step of raw material treatment, obviously reduces the pollutant emission and reduces the SO x Emission reduction of 90%, NO x Emission is reduced by 40%, CO 2 The emission is reduced by more than 20 percent, and low-carbon green ironmaking can be realized; can produce high-quality molten iron, is particularly suitable for treating high phosphorus ore and vanadium-titanium magnetite, can also treat iron dust such as iron-containing powder with high Zn and Pb content, and has the iron recovery rate of 95 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view from a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view from direction B-B of fig. 1.
In the above figures: 1-a smoke exhaust section; 2-preheating section; 3-a reduction section; 4-hearth section; 5-a coal gun; 6-tapping hole; 7-a cooling water pipe; 8-graphite carbon brick; 9-carbon ramming mass; 10-plate staves; 11-a ceramic cup; 12-a slag outlet; 13-embedding brick cooling walls; 14-oxygen lance; 15-a post combustion oxygen lance; 16-tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun; 17-cyclone type mineral powder spray gun; 18-a steel shell; 19-a stave; 20-refractory bricks; 21-pressing in refractory material; 22-tangential circle; 41-molten metal bath.
Detailed Description
The pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment of the invention is further detailed below by combining the attached drawings and the embodiment. The embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of the apparatus of the present invention and the practice of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: the structure of the pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment provided by the invention is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3. The equipment comprises a smoke exhaust section 1, a preheating section 2, a reduction section 3 and a hearth section 4 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom and provided with a steel shell 18 and a cooling wall structure; the furnace wall is provided with a cyclone mineral powder spray gun 17, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun 16, a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun 15, an oxygen lance 14, a coal lance 5, an iron outlet 6 and a slag outlet 12 from top to bottom in sequence; the smoke discharging section 1 arranged at the upper part of the furnace body is used for discharging smoke;
the preheating section 2 is a cylindrical furnace body, refractory bricks 20, a cooling wall 19 and a steel shell 18 are sequentially arranged from the inner wall to the outer wall of the furnace body, and a gap between the cooling wall and the steel shell is filled with and pressed with refractory materials 21; referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment is a small-sized iron-making apparatus, and a cyclone-type mineral powder spray gun 17, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun 16 and a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun 15 are installed and horizontally enter a preheating section 1 at an angle tangent to respective tangential circles 22, and a cyclone-type mineral powder spray gun layer composed of 1 cyclone-type mineral powder spray gun and its own tangential circle, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun layer composed of 1 tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and its own tangential circle, and a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun layer composed of 1 secondary combustion oxygen spray gun and its own tangential circle are sequentially installed in the preheating section from top to bottom along a furnace body; mineral powder sprayed from the cyclone mineral powder spray gun, oxygen sprayed from the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and oxygen sprayed from the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun form rotating fluid in the preheating section, the rotating fluid strengthens the mixing of furnace gas, oxygen and mineral powder, is beneficial to strengthening heat exchange and combustion, and ensures the preheating effect of the process that the mineral powder rotates along the furnace wall to fall to the reduction section in the preheating section.
The tangential circle 22 is a circle used as the basis of the angle for installing the spray gun on each layer, the tangential circle is a circle which takes the center of one layer of the preheating section furnace body for installing the spray gun as a circular point, and the diameter of the tangential circle is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body. In the embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the tangential circles 22 are the smallest in diameter, and the tangential circles corresponding to the tertiary combustion oxygen spray guns 16 are the largest in diameter, but the diameters of the 3 tangential circles are all smaller than the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body, that is, the cyclone mineral powder spray guns 17, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray guns 16 and the secondary combustion oxygen spray guns 15 are respectively tangent to the respective tangential circles, that is, the angles of the arranged 3 layers of spray guns on the furnace wall of the preheating section are different. The cyclone mineral powder spray gun, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun all penetrate through the steel shell, are pressed into the refractory material cooling wall and the refractory bricks and enter the preheating section furnace body.
The reduction section 3 is a truncated cone cylindrical furnace body, the truncated cone-shaped furnace body at the upper end of the reduction section is connected with the preheating section 2, and the cylindrical furnace body at the lower part of the reduction section is connected with the hearth section 4; the reduction section furnace body is sequentially provided with a brick-inlaid cooling wall 13 and a steel shell 18 from the inner wall to the outer wall, and a gap between the brick-inlaid cooling wall and the steel shell is filled with and pressed with a refractory material 21; the reduction section is sequentially provided with 1 oxygen lance 14 and 2 coal lances 5 from top to bottom along the furnace body; the oxygen lance and the coal lance penetrate through the steel shell, are pressed into the refractory material and are obliquely inserted into the furnace of the reduction section through the brick-inlaid cooling wall, and the nozzles of the oxygen lance and the coal lance point to the metal melting pool 41 of the lower hearth section;
referring to fig. 1 and 3, the hearth section 4 is a cylindrical furnace body, and is provided with a ceramic cup 11, a graphite carbon brick 8, a carbon ramming material 9, a plate-type cooling wall 10, a cooling water pipe 7 and a steel shell 18, and a gap between the outer layer steel shell and the plate-type cooling wall is also filled with a pressed refractory material 21; the ceramic cup is established in the inboard of 8 masonry of graphite carbon brick, and condenser tube installs in graphite carbon brick bottom, establishes 1 tap hole 6 and 1 slag notch 12 respectively at the furnace hearth section, and the tap hole is close to the furnace bottom side.
The working process of the equipment is as follows: the equipment takes small-particle mineral powder as a raw material and small-particle coal powder as a fuel, the mineral powder and the coal powder are sprayed into a furnace by taking gas (flue gas) as a power medium, the coal powder is sprayed into the surface of a metal molten pool 41 of a hearth section 4 through a coal gun, volatile matters in the coal powder volatilize and enter furnace gas, and residual carbon particles are dissolved into the metal molten pool and undergo a reduction reaction with ferrous oxide in the mineral powder preheated at high temperature to generate CO and molten iron; the CO, furnace gas and volatile matters of the coal powder rise to enter a reduction section 3 and drive high-temperature slag and liquid metal to form a phenomenon of Yongquan; CO, coal volatile matter and O introduced from the upper part of the reduction section 3 through an oxygen lance 14 2 The combustion reaction is carried out, the generated heat is transferred to slag and liquid metal drops brought up by the Yongquan, the heat is transferred to a metal molten pool 41 in the ceramic cup 11 through the drop falling back, the metal molten pool is intensively stirred, and the reduction reaction is ensured to be carried out; molten iron smelted by the reduction reaction is discharged from a tap hole 6 and flows into a molten iron tank, and generated slag is discharged from a slag hole 12; CO, coal volatiles and O 2 The burnt furnace gas enters the lower section of the preheating section 2 and is introduced into the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun 15 2 The combustion reaction is carried out, and the generated heat is transferred to the mineral powder introduced into the cyclone mineral powder spray gun 17; the flue gas burned at the lower section of the preheating section flows to the middle section of the preheating section, unburned combustible components in the furnace gas and O introduced by the third combustion oxygen spray gun 16 2 Burning again to ensure that all combustible substances in the furnace gas are burnt out to reduce emission, discharging the flue gas and the waste gas through a smoke discharging section 1, and dedusting the flue gas and the waste gas through a gravity deduster, wherein CO in the discharge of the smoke discharging section at the moment 2 The content is more than 90%.
Example 2: the structure and the working process of the pure oxygen two-section preheating reduction iron-making equipment provided by the invention are basically the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the iron-making equipment of the embodiment is a medium-sized furnace body, and 6 cyclone type mineral powder spray guns are uniformly arranged along the furnace body in the preheating section and are arranged on the same layer; 3 tertiary combustion oxygen spray guns 16 are arranged; the number of the secondary combustion oxygen spray guns 15 is 3; the diameters of tangential circles tangent to the spray guns are equal to the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body. Installing 6 oxygen guns and 6 coal guns on the reduction section; the number of the slag outlets and the iron outlets arranged on the hearth section is 2.
Example 3: the structure and the working process of the pure oxygen two-section preheating reduction iron-making equipment provided by the invention are basically the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the iron-making equipment is a large furnace body, 8 cyclone type mineral powder spray guns are uniformly arranged along the furnace body in the preheating section and are respectively arranged on 2 layers, and 4 spray guns are arranged on each layer; 4 tertiary combustion oxygen spray guns are arranged; 4 secondary combustion oxygen spray guns are provided; the diameter of each layer of tangential circle is smaller than the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body; installing 12 oxygen guns and 9 coal guns on the reduction section; the number of the slag outlets and the iron outlets arranged on the hearth section is 2.
The pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking furnace equipment has strong adaptability to raw materials and fuels, does not have coke and sintering and pelletizing processes, and can realize non-coking coal ironmaking; the equipment of the invention can simplify the ironmaking process, produce high-quality molten iron, and the recovery rate of iron can reach 95%; the ironmaking furnace equipment has long service life, and the ironmaking equipment can reduce the pollution to the environment and realize low-carbon green ironmaking.
Claims (3)
1. A pure oxygen two-section type preheating reduction iron-making equipment comprises a smoke exhaust section, a preheating section, a reduction section and a hearth section which are sequentially connected from top to bottom and provided with a steel shell and cooling wall structure; the furnace wall is provided with a mineral powder spray gun, an oxygen lance, a coal lance, a slag outlet and an iron outlet; the smoke discharging section arranged at the upper part of the furnace body is used for discharging smoke; refractory materials are filled and pressed in gaps between cooling walls of furnace walls of the preheating section and the furnace hearth section and a steel shell, the preheating section and the furnace hearth section are both cylindrical furnace bodies, the reduction section is a truncated cone cylindrical furnace body, the truncated cone-shaped furnace body at the upper end of the reduction section is connected with the preheating section, and the cylindrical furnace body at the lower part of the reduction section is connected with the furnace hearth section; 1-2 slag outlets are arranged on the hearth section, and 1-2 tap holes close to the bottom side of the furnace are arranged; the method is characterized in that:
the preheating section is sequentially provided with a cyclone mineral powder spray gun, a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun from top to bottom along the furnace wall; each of the cyclone mineral powder spray gun, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun penetrates through the steel shell, the refractory material, the cooling wall and the refractory brick are pressed into the preheating section furnace body, and the cyclone mineral powder spray gun, the tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and the secondary combustion oxygen spray gun horizontally enter the preheating section at an angle tangent to the tangential circle; 1-8 cyclone mineral powder spray guns are uniformly arranged along the upper part of the furnace wall of the preheating section according to the size of the furnace body and are arranged in 1-2 layers, 1-4 tertiary combustion oxygen spray guns are arranged in the same horizontal layer in the middle of the preheating section, 1-4 secondary combustion oxygen spray guns are arranged in the same horizontal layer in the lower part of the preheating section, and the spray guns arranged on each layer are respectively tangent to tangential circles of each layer; the cyclone mineral powder spray gun uses smoke as a power medium to spray mineral powder into the furnace, oxygen is respectively sprayed into the furnace through a tertiary combustion oxygen spray gun and a secondary combustion oxygen spray gun, the mineral powder and the oxygen form rotating fluid in a preheating section, the rotating fluid strengthens the mixing of furnace gas, the oxygen and the mineral powder, so that combustible substances are all burned out, and the mineral powder is guaranteed to be intensively preheated in the process that the mineral powder rotates and falls to a reduction section along a furnace wall in the preheating section;
1-12 oxygen guns and 2-9 coal guns are sequentially arranged along the furnace body from top to bottom in the reduction section; the oxygen lance and the coal lance penetrate through the steel shell, are pressed into refractory materials and are inserted into the furnace of the reduction section in an inclined manner by embedding the brick cooling wall, and the nozzle of the oxygen lance and the nozzle of the coal lance point to a metal melting bath of the lower furnace hearth section;
the furnace hearth section is provided with a ceramic cup, a graphite carbon brick, a carbon ramming material, a plate-type cooling wall, a cooling water pipe and a steel shell, and a gap between the outer layer steel shell and the plate-type cooling wall is also filled with and pressed with a refractory material; the ceramic cup is arranged on the inner side of the graphite carbon brick masonry, the cooling water pipe is arranged at the bottom of the graphite carbon brick, the furnace bottom formed by the graphite carbon brick and the corundum ceramic cup and the plate-type cooling wall and the furnace bottom cooling water pipe jointly form a heat conduction structure for resisting the erosion of slag and molten iron so as to prolong the service life of the furnace hearth.
2. The pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tangential circle is a circle which is used as the basis of the angle of each spray gun, takes the center of a horizontal layer surface of the preheating section furnace body for installing the spray guns as a circular point, and has a diameter smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the preheating section furnace body.
3. The pure oxygen two-stage preheating reduction ironmaking equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preheating section adopts a structure provided with two-stage combustion oxygen spray guns, furnace gas rises from the reduction section to the lower section of the preheating section, the temperature of the furnace gas is reduced after heat exchange with the mineral powder added from the cyclone mineral powder spray guns, oxygen for secondary combustion added from the secondary combustion oxygen spray guns and the furnace gas are combusted, the furnace temperature is increased, and the heat for preheating the mineral powder at the lower section of the preheating section is maintained; the furnace gas in the middle section of the preheating section is continuously combusted for three times with oxygen sprayed out by the oxygen spray gun for three times, so that all combustible substances in the furnace gas are burnt out, and the utilization rate of fuel is improved; and simultaneously, a coal gun arranged at the reduction section sprays coal powder onto the surface of a metal molten pool in the ceramic cup by taking gas as a power medium, volatile matters in the coal powder enter furnace gas, and the residual carbon particles are dissolved in the metal molten pool and undergo reduction reaction with ferrous oxide in the mineral powder to generate CO gas and molten iron.
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