CN110205431B - Short-process molten iron production process of rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace - Google Patents
Short-process molten iron production process of rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110205431B CN110205431B CN201910483436.3A CN201910483436A CN110205431B CN 110205431 B CN110205431 B CN 110205431B CN 201910483436 A CN201910483436 A CN 201910483436A CN 110205431 B CN110205431 B CN 110205431B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/08—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces
- C21B13/085—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/08—Cooling slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/62—Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and mineral engineering, and discloses a short-process molten iron production process of a rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: mixing iron ore concentrate and a binder according to the proportion of 100: 2-4, preparing granular materials with the water content of 10-12% and the granularity of 3-5 mm by using a cylindrical granulator, and simultaneously adding various dedusting ashes generated in the production process in the granulation process; step two: the granular materials are added into the rotary kiln, and after being dried and preheated in a preheating zone of the rotary kiln, the iron ore and the carbon start to carry out reduction reaction when the temperature reaches 400-450 ℃. The invention can greatly reduce the environmental pollution, the molten iron contains almost no silicon, and is very suitable for smelting high phosphorus ore, a novel ferrous metallurgy process with less emissions, more simplicity, energy saving and environmental protection is created, the environmental emission pressure of the ferrous metallurgy process of a blast furnace-converter is reduced, and the cost advantage is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and mineral engineering, in particular to a short-process molten iron production process of a rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace.
Background
The process of blast furnace-converter is the most important ferrous metallurgy process in the world at present, coke is firstly used as energy and reducing agent required by reduction reaction to reduce iron oxide ore for ironmaking, and then the obtained blast furnace molten iron is added into a converter for oxygen blowing and steel making.
At present, in the traditional blast furnace-coking-sintering iron-making process, two processes of coal chemical industry and metallurgy are independent, and the emission amounts of sintering smoke dust, SO2 and NOX account for more than 6 of the total emission amount of a steel and iron combined enterprise; a large amount of smoke dust is discharged in the coke discharging and quenching processes of the coke oven, the discharge amount accounts for more than 3 times of the total discharge amount of the steel and iron combined enterprises, the discharge amount of sintering and coking pollutants accounts for more than half of the total discharge amount of the steel and iron combined enterprises, and the smoke dust and the discharge amount are the largest pollution sources in the steel and iron production process.
The iron ore smelting reduction technology is one of the leading-edge technologies in the current steel industry, and generally refers to a process for producing liquid molten iron by directly reducing non-coking coal, and the smelting reduction technology comprises a Corex method, a FINEX method and a HIsmelt method.
The two methods have the following disadvantages in the practical operation process: the rotary kiln has the problems of ring formation, low productivity, high energy consumption, low pre-reduction degree of raw materials, low preheating temperature and the like, so the improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of ring formation, low productivity, high energy consumption and the like of a rotary kiln and the defects of low pre-reduction degree and low preheating temperature of raw materials in a reduction process in the prior art, and provides a short-process molten iron production process of a coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace of the rotary kiln.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing iron ore concentrate and a binder according to a mass ratio of 100: 2-4, preparing a granular material with the water mass ratio of 10-12% and the granularity of 3-5 mm by using a cylindrical granulator, and adding fly ash generated in the production process in the granulation process;
step two: the granular materials are added into a rotary kiln and are preheated in a preheating zone of the rotary kiln, the preheating temperature is 400-450 ℃, the preheating time is 4-5min, the iron ore and carbon start to perform a reduction reaction, and the iron ore starts to be severely reduced when the temperature reaches 1000-1100 ℃;
step three: when the reduction reaction of the iron ore in the high-temperature section of the rotary kiln is carried out for 30-60min, the reduction reaction speed is reduced, at the moment, low-coal-rank coal with the mass ratio of 20-35% of granular materials is sprayed into the rear section of the rotary kiln by a spray gun by using compressed air, and the low-coal-rank coal is contacted with the high-temperature materials in the rotary kiln;
step four: the coal gas pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln flows upwards in the material layer and is contacted with the iron ore in the process of escaping from the material layer, so that the iron ore can be further reduced;
step five: the method comprises the following steps of (1) spraying a mixture of 900-plus 950-DEG C high-temperature reduced materials and carbon residue discharged from a discharge end of a rotary kiln into an oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking blowing carrier gas as nitrogen, and simultaneously spraying one or more of limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale into the oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking the blowing carrier gas as air, wherein the mass ratio of the sprayed one or more of the limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale to the high-temperature reduced materials is 10-20%, and blowing oxygen-enriched hot air into the furnace;
step six: in the oxygen-increasing melting furnace, because the dissolved carbon in the molten pool rapidly reduces the iron oxide into iron at high temperature, the heat required by the reduction in the iron bath, the physical heat brought by the hot air with oxygen enrichment of 35% at 1200 ℃ and the chemical heat generated by the secondary combustion of the hot air and CO enter the iron bath through three ways: the air flow movement of the nozzle and the convection heat transfer of the molten iron slag; heat radiation and heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas; because the molten reactants splashed by the impact of the airflow fall down after absorbing heat and are brought into an iron bath and a melting system, the heat is supplied to the process of melting, reducing and slagging of the mineral powder;
step seven: the high-temperature slag discharged by the oxygen-increasing melting device is cooled by spraying atomized water to obtain granulated water slag;
step eight: molten iron discharged from the oxygen increasing melting device is desulfurized and decarbonized in a converter to obtain molten steel.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the temperature of the reduction section of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 1000-1050 ℃, and the high-temperature reduction time is 60-90 min.
Preferably, in the reduction process of the iron ore, the gas escaping from the material contains certain combustible components, combustion air is blown into the middle-rear section of the rotary kiln to combust the combustible components, and the heat generated by combustion is supplied to the rotary kiln for self utilization.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas at 600-700 ℃ discharged from the feeding end of the rotary kiln enters a cyclone dust collector, and along with the rotary flow of the flue gas, particle dust in the flue gas sinks and gathers under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, so that most of the dust is deposited at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the cyclone dust collector enters an air indirect heat exchanger to exchange heat with normal-temperature air blown by an air blower, so that the air temperature can be increased to 500-550 ℃, the flue gas temperature is reduced to below 250 ℃, the preheated air is used as combustion-supporting air of the rotary kiln, the flue gas discharged from the air indirect heat exchanger enters a bag-type dust collector to remove dust, and the clean flue gas after dust removal is pressurized by a smoke extractor and then is discharged.
Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the top of the oxygen-increasing melting separation furnace is reduced from 1450 ℃ to 1000 ℃ through a hood on the furnace top, the high-temperature flue gas is dedusted by a cyclone deduster and then enters a heat accumulating type heat exchanger, the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with oxygen-enriched air, and the generated 1150-1250 ℃ high-temperature air is used by the oxygen-increasing melting separation device; the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to 250-plus-350 ℃ and then is discharged from the heat accumulating type heat exchanger, then the medium-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler to exchange heat with normal-temperature water, the normal-temperature water absorbs heat to generate low-pressure steam, the steam is discharged from the waste heat boiler to be utilized by a user, and the flue gas cooled to 100-plus-200 ℃ by the waste heat boiler enters the bag-type dust remover to be dedusted and then is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention directly uses non-coking coal powder and iron ore powder, cancels sintering and agglomeration processes, greatly reduces the cost of raw materials, and can greatly reduce the environmental pollution because main pollutants and harmful gases in the steel industry mainly come from sintering and coking processes.
2. In the coal-based direct reduction process, the selective reduction is realized by controlling the process parameters, only iron is reduced, and other elements are not reduced, so that the foundation is laid for preparing the super-pure steel.
3. Because the oxygenation melting device produces strong oxidizing property slag, has better dephosphorization effect, and the molten iron contains almost no silicon, is very suitable for smelting high phosphorus ore, which is the main characteristic different from other iron-making processes.
4. The invention creates a novel ferrous metallurgy process with less emissions, more simplicity, energy saving and environmental protection, so as to reduce the environmental emission pressure of the "blast furnace-converter" ferrous metallurgy process and have obvious cost advantage.
In conclusion, the invention can greatly reduce the environmental pollution, lays a foundation for preparing super pure steel, and the molten iron contains almost no silicon, is very suitable for smelting high phosphorus ore, and develops a novel ferrous metallurgy process with less emissions, more simplicity, energy saving and environmental protection, so as to reduce the environmental emission pressure of the "blast furnace-converter" ferrous metallurgy process, and has obvious cost advantage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a short-flow molten iron production process of a rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing iron ore concentrate and a binder according to a mass ratio of 100: 2-4, preparing a granular material with the water mass ratio of 10-12% and the granularity of 3-5 mm by using a cylindrical granulator, and adding fly ash generated in the production process in the granulation process;
step two: the granular materials are added into a rotary kiln and are preheated in a preheating zone of the rotary kiln, the preheating temperature is 400-450 ℃, the preheating time is 4-5min, the iron ore and carbon start to perform a reduction reaction, and the iron ore starts to be severely reduced when the temperature reaches 1000-1100 ℃;
step three: when the reduction reaction of the iron ore in the high-temperature section of the rotary kiln is carried out for 30-60min, the reduction reaction speed is reduced, at the moment, low-rank coal with the mass ratio of 20-35% of granular materials is sprayed into the middle and rear sections of the rotary kiln by using compressed air through a spray gun, the low-rank coal is contacted with the high-temperature materials in the rotary kiln, the coal can be pyrolyzed when the temperature reaches 500-900 ℃ in the temperature rise process at 600-800 ℃/min, spongy carbon residue and byproduct pyrolysis coal gas and tar can be obtained, and the tar can be used as the fuel of the rotary kiln;
step four: the pyrolysis gas in the rotary kiln flows upwards in the material layer and contacts with the iron ore in the process of escaping from the material layer, so that the iron ore can be further reduced, CO2 and water vapor generated by the reduction of the iron ore are subjected to a carbon gasification reaction with carbon residue at 800-1100 ℃, and CO and H2 with high reducibility can be obtained; because the molecular radius of H2 is smaller, the H2 has higher reducibility when contacting with iron ore, and can realize the low-temperature hydrogen reduction of the iron ore; by controlling the temperature and the high-temperature reduction time of the reduction section of the rotary kiln, the pellet ore or the massive iron ore and the reduction gas in the kiln can be subjected to selective gas-based direct reduction to obtain a reduction product of reduced iron mixed with other unreduced oxides;
step five: the method comprises the following steps of (1) spraying a mixture of 900-plus 950-DEG C high-temperature reduced materials and carbon residue discharged from a discharge end of a rotary kiln into an oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking blowing carrier gas as nitrogen, and simultaneously spraying one or more of limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale into the oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking the blowing carrier gas as air, wherein the mass ratio of the sprayed one or more of the limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale to the high-temperature reduced materials is 10-20%, and blowing oxygen-enriched hot air into the furnace;
step six: in the oxygen-increasing melting furnace, because the dissolved carbon in the molten pool rapidly reduces the iron oxide into iron at high temperature, the heat required by the reduction in the iron bath, the physical heat brought by the hot air with oxygen enrichment of 35% at 1200 ℃ and the chemical heat generated by the secondary combustion of the hot air and CO enter the iron bath through three ways: the air flow movement of the nozzle and the convection heat transfer of the molten iron slag; heat radiation and heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas; because the molten reactants splashed by the impact of the airflow fall down after absorbing heat and are brought into an iron bath and a melting system, the heat is supplied to the process of melting, reducing and slagging of the mineral powder;
step seven: the high-temperature slag discharged by the oxygen-increasing melting device is cooled by spraying atomized water to obtain granulated water slag;
step eight: molten iron discharged from the oxygen increasing melting device is desulfurized and decarbonized in a converter to obtain molten steel.
And in the fifth step, the temperature of the reduction section of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 1000-1050 ℃, and the high-temperature reduction time is 60-90 min.
In the reduction process of the iron ore, gas escaping from the interior of the material contains certain combustible components, combustion air is blown into the middle-rear section of the rotary kiln to combust the combustible components, and heat generated by combustion is supplied to the rotary kiln for self utilization.
High-temperature flue gas at 600-700 ℃ discharged from a feeding end of a rotary kiln enters a cyclone dust collector, and along with the rotary flow of the flue gas, particle dust in the flue gas sinks and gathers under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, so that most of the dust is deposited at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector.
High-temperature flue gas discharged from the cyclone dust collector enters an air indirect heat exchanger to exchange heat with normal-temperature air blown by an air blower, the air temperature can be increased to 500-550 ℃, the flue gas temperature is reduced to below 250 ℃, preheated air is used as combustion-supporting air of the rotary kiln, flue gas discharged from the air indirect heat exchanger enters a bag-type dust collector to remove dust, and clean flue gas after dust removal is pressurized by a smoke extractor and then is discharged.
The temperature of high-temperature flue gas discharged from the top of the oxygen-increasing melting separation furnace is reduced from 1450 ℃ to 1000 ℃ through a smoke hood on the furnace top, the high-temperature flue gas enters a heat accumulating type heat exchanger after being dedusted by a cyclone dust collector, the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with oxygen-enriched air, and the generated 1150-1250 ℃ high-temperature air is used by the oxygen-increasing melting separation device; the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to 250-plus-350 ℃ and then is discharged from the heat accumulating type heat exchanger, then the medium-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler to exchange heat with normal-temperature water, the normal-temperature water absorbs heat to generate low-pressure steam, the steam is discharged from the waste heat boiler to be utilized by a user, and the flue gas cooled to 100-plus-200 ℃ by the waste heat boiler enters the bag-type dust remover to be dedusted and then is discharged.
The invention relates to raw materials and equipment which are as follows: iron ore concentrate, a mixer, a rotary kiln, a granulated coal or high-grade ore spray gun, a cyclone dust collector, an air indirect heat exchanger, a bag-type dust collector, an oxygen increasing melting furnace, a high-temperature reducing material spray gun, a limestone spray gun, a high-grade ore or iron scale spray gun, a heat accumulating type heat exchange, a waste heat boiler, a pressure swing adsorption device and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing iron ore concentrate and a binder according to a mass ratio of 100: 2-4, preparing a granular material with the water mass ratio of 10-12% and the granularity of 3-5 mm by using a cylindrical granulator, and adding fly ash generated in the production process in the granulation process;
step two: the granular materials are added into a rotary kiln and are preheated in a preheating zone of the rotary kiln, the preheating temperature is 400-450 ℃, the preheating time is 4-5min, the iron ore and carbon start to perform a reduction reaction, and the iron ore starts to be severely reduced when the temperature reaches 1000-1100 ℃;
step three: when the reduction reaction of the iron ore in the high-temperature section of the rotary kiln is carried out for 30-60min, the reduction reaction speed is reduced, at the moment, low-coal-rank coal with the mass ratio of 20-35% of granular materials is sprayed into the rear section of the rotary kiln by a spray gun by using compressed air, and the low-coal-rank coal is contacted with the high-temperature materials in the rotary kiln;
step four: the coal gas pyrolyzed in the rotary kiln flows upwards in the material layer and is contacted with the iron ore in the process of escaping from the material layer, so that the iron ore can be further reduced;
step five: the method comprises the following steps of (1) spraying a mixture of 900-plus 950-DEG C high-temperature reduced materials and carbon residue discharged from a discharge end of a rotary kiln into an oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking blowing carrier gas as nitrogen, and simultaneously spraying one or more of limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale into the oxygen-increasing melting and separating furnace under the action of taking the blowing carrier gas as air, wherein the mass ratio of the sprayed one or more of the limestone, high-grade ore or iron scale to the high-temperature reduced materials is 10-20%, and blowing oxygen-enriched hot air into the furnace;
step six: in the oxygen-increasing melting furnace, because the dissolved carbon in the molten pool rapidly reduces the iron oxide into iron at high temperature, the heat required by the reduction in the iron bath, the physical heat brought by the hot air with oxygen enrichment of 35% at 1200 ℃ and the chemical heat generated by the secondary combustion of the hot air and CO enter the iron bath through three ways: the air flow movement of the nozzle and the convection heat transfer of the molten iron slag; heat radiation and heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas; because the molten reactants splashed by the impact of the airflow fall down after absorbing heat and are brought into an iron bath and a melting system, the heat is supplied to the process of melting, reducing and slagging of the mineral powder;
step seven: the high-temperature slag discharged by the oxygen-increasing melting device is cooled by spraying atomized water to obtain granulated water slag;
step eight: molten iron discharged from the oxygen increasing melting device is desulfurized and decarbonized in a converter to obtain molten steel.
2. The short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, the temperature of a reduction section of the rotary kiln is controlled to be 1000-1050 ℃, and the high-temperature reduction time is 60-90 min.
3. The short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that in the iron ore reduction process, gas escaping from the interior of materials contains certain combustible components, the combustible components are combusted by blowing combustion-supporting air into the middle and rear sections of the rotary kiln, and heat generated by combustion is supplied to the rotary kiln for self utilization.
4. The short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature flue gas at 600-700 ℃ discharged from the feeding end of the rotary kiln enters a cyclone dust collector, and along with the rotary flow of the flue gas, particle dust in the flue gas sinks and gathers under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, so that most of the dust is deposited at the bottom of the cyclone dust collector.
5. The short-process molten iron production process of the rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace according to claim 4 is characterized in that high-temperature flue gas discharged from a cyclone dust collector enters an air indirect heat exchanger to exchange heat with normal-temperature air blown by an air blower, the temperature of the air can be increased to 500-550 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 250 ℃, preheated air is used as combustion-supporting air of the rotary kiln, flue gas discharged from the air indirect heat exchanger enters a bag-type dust collector to remove dust, and clean flue gas after dust removal is pressurized by a smoke extractor and then discharged.
6. The rotary kiln coal-based direct reduction oxygenation melting furnace short-process molten iron production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of high-temperature flue gas discharged from the top of the oxygenation melting furnace is reduced from 1450 ℃ to 1000 ℃ through a smoke hood at the top of the furnace, the high-temperature flue gas enters a heat accumulating type heat exchanger after being dedusted by a cyclone dust collector, the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with oxygen-enriched air, and the produced 1150-1250 ℃ high-temperature air is used by an oxygenation melting device; the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to 250-plus-350 ℃ and then is discharged from the heat accumulating type heat exchanger, then the medium-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler to exchange heat with normal-temperature water, the normal-temperature water absorbs heat to generate low-pressure steam, the steam is discharged from the waste heat boiler to be utilized by a user, and the flue gas cooled to 100-plus-200 ℃ by the waste heat boiler enters the bag-type dust remover to be dedusted and then is discharged.
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| CN103667567A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-03-26 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Novel technique and system for conveying bed smelting of reducing gas prepared by medium/low-rank coal gasification |
| CN104789728A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-22 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Short-process iron smelting method |
| CN105838838A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-10 | 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 | Method for preparing pure steel by coal gas direct reduction one-step method |
| CN107937711A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-20 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of dedusting ash of stainless steel treatment process |
| CN108048648A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of acid-washing stainless steel sludge treatment technique |
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