CN101086038B - Direct lead smelting method in molten pool and its device - Google Patents

Direct lead smelting method in molten pool and its device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101086038B
CN101086038B CN 200710127659 CN200710127659A CN101086038B CN 101086038 B CN101086038 B CN 101086038B CN 200710127659 CN200710127659 CN 200710127659 CN 200710127659 A CN200710127659 A CN 200710127659A CN 101086038 B CN101086038 B CN 101086038B
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reduction furnace
molten bath
bottom blowing
blowing molten
lead
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CN101086038A (en
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杨安国
王拥军
赵传和
陈会成
李新战
夏胜文
胡明凯
张和平
张艳军
王社民
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Henan Yuguang Gold and Lead Co Ltd
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Henan Yuguang Gold and Lead Co Ltd
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Abstract

This invention relates to method for smelting lead by using molten pool directly and the device. It comprises the following steps: feeding the high-lead residue melt into bottom-blown molten pool by downspouting to deoxidize; providing melt with oxygen and natural gas or oxygen and gas from bottom or downside of the bottom-blown molten reduction furnace by using gas spray gun; adding carbon particles to reduction furnace from feed opening; the high-lead residue melt is transformed to crude lead, flue gas and final slag through reduction. The device comprises melting bath calcar, and the taphole of melting bath calcar is connected to the feed opening of bottom-blown molten reduction furnace through downspouting, the gas spray gun is installed on the bottom or downside of bottom-blown molten reduction furnace. The invention is characterized by low energy consumption, good work environment and saved investment.

Description

Bath smelting directly refines plumbous method and device thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plumbous technical field of smelting of non-ferrous metal metallurgy industry, relate in particular to a kind of bath smelting that in plumbous smelting process, adopts and directly refine plumbous method and device thereof.
Background technology
At present, represent " oxygen bottom-blowing----blast furnace reduction of lead smelting in China highest level " lead smelting process is in China's all-round popularization, and making lead smelt environment has had obvious improvement.Yet, " oxygen bottom-blowing----blast furnace reduction along with improving constantly of scientific-technical progress " the existing deficiency of lead smelting process more and more paid attention to by people, presses for this technology is improved.This mainly is owing to be subjected to the structure and the processing requirement restriction of blast furnace, bottom convertor produces the high lead slag melt and needs to cast piece through casting slag machine and just can enter blast furnace and reduce, operation has following five point defects like this: the one, and piece is cast in the high-temperature slag cooling, has caused the huge waste of high lead slag melt latent heat; The 2nd, Gu the reaction of being carried out in the blast furnace mainly is gas----reaction, i.e. coke burning produces CO, CO 2And heat, under the temperature about 700 ℃, CO and high lead slag ingot bar contact reacts, solid because temperature is not high and----the reaction that is gas carried out, cause speed of response slowly and carry out not thoroughly; The 3rd, what the blast furnace body of heater adopted is full water jacket operation, and the heat that produces of coke burning has much and taken away by water jacket like this, and water jacket cools off the heat of taking away and can not effectively utilize; The 4th, the thermal reduction agent that blast furnace adopts is the higher coke of price; The 5th, the high lead slag ingot bar phenomenon that broken foam flies upward can occur in storage and transportation process, has caused the waste of resource and production environment to worsen.
In China's also useful Chinese mugwort Sa stove oxidizing semlting, the high lead slag that produces is cast the lead smelting process that piece enters blast furnace reduction then, and the reduction process of this method equally also has the problems referred to above.
Exist construction investment big and represent international plumbous QSL lead smelting process of smelting advanced level to remove, outside the high problem of technology introduction expense, also have following four defectives: the one, the oxidation of lead-containing material and the reduction of high lead slag are carried out in a stove, the centre separates with partition wall, the phenomenon that so just causes partition wall to damage easily; The 2nd, adopt fine coal to do the thermal reduction agent, cause the tooling cost height; The 3rd, fine coal can pass molten slag layer after going into stove from the bottom very soon, and the time that contacts with slag is short, thereby the finishing slag lead tolerance after causing reducing is higher; The 4th, the supply of fine coal exists the defective that every spray gun is quantitatively controlled difficulty.
At above-mentioned deficiency, the applicant once proposed a kind of technical solution, this scheme is that application number is 03126234.1, denomination of invention is " the liquid directly reductive lead smelting process of bottom convertor high lead slag ", this method mainly is by fine coal or coke powder or coke grain and air effect acquisition CO, thereby realizes the reduction of liquid high lead slag.This method still exists exhaust gas volumn big, thereby it is on the low side to cause fume amount to increase with heat utilization efficiency, and speed of response and effect can not reach best.Another kind of solution is that application number is 200610066648.4, denomination of invention is " a kind of lead smelting process and the device that is used to realize this lead smelting process ", this method is that the fusion high lead slag is carried out in two electric heating districts, its essence is that the first electric heating district filters reduction with electrically heated coke post, the second electric heating district remains and uses electrically heated, swim in hot coke and high lead slag reduction on the liquid level, there is following problem in this method: the one, and total system has obviously increased power consumption with electrically heated; The 2nd, produce a large amount of CO in the total system, adopt burner combustion to fall CO, CO is not fully used; The 3rd, exist the high lead slag melt can not equally distributed problem in the coke post in the first electric heating district that relates in the method; The 4th, the coke that swims on the liquid level in the second electric heating district contacts weak effect with melt, thereby causes reduction rate slow.The third solution is that application number is 200510200331.0, denomination of invention is " molten lead oxidation slag smelting process and device ", the device that adopts in this method is full water jacket shaft furnace, plenum system is to be 21～40% oxygen-rich air with nozzle side-blown fine coal and oxygen concentration, mode of operation is for being interrupted operation, be to carry out plumbous reduction the fs, after the lead reduction finishes, be used for fuming Zn extraction.There are following four point defects in this method: the one, and as the thermal reduction agent, the phenomenon that also exists fine coal to pass slag blanket very soon makes reduction effect poor with fine coal; The 2nd, the discontinuous operation, temperature variation is big, technical qualification poor stability, inconvenient operation; The 3rd, with the reducing apparatus of full water jacket, it is many that water jacket is taken away heat, increased energy consumption; The 4th, oxygen concn is on the low side, the large-minded dust rate height that causes; The 4th, this fixed reducing apparatus can cause slag on the nozzle when running into unexpected power failure, thereby system can't be moved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome that the energy consumption height, the heat utilization efficiency that exist in the present refining splicer skill are low, the deficiency of environment difference, and a kind of energy consumption of taking is low, the direct lead smelting process of bath smelting and the device thereof of good work environment, less investment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of bath smelting directly refines plumbous method, comprises lead-containing material, flux are produced high lead slag melt and part lead bullion by the bath smelting oxidized still, and is specific as follows:
The high lead slag melt flowed directly in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath by chute reduce; In the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, from the bottom or bottom side, in melt, infeed oxygen and Sweet natural gas or oxygen and coal gas with gas spray gun; Charging opening by bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace adds carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, make it fully contact reduction with the high lead slag melt; The high lead slag melt is output lead bullion, flue gas and finishing slag after the reduction of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace.
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, the oxidation of lead-containing material is carried out in the bath smelting oxidized still, and this bath smelting oxidized still is one of oxygen bottom-blowing stove, the many stoves of Ai Salu, Ka Er or Wa Niukefu.
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, bath smelting oxidized still and bottom blowing molten bath lead bullion that reduction furnace produces are cast lead pig through lead casting machine and are sent to electrorefining; In the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, the finishing slag after the reduction is sent to fuming Zn extraction; The flue gas that bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is discharged directly emptying after the cooling dedusting; Cooling dedusting gained cigarette ash returns batching.
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, the reduction temperature in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath is controlled at 1000--1300 ℃.The particle size range that adds carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath is 10---70mm, and the carbon granule consumption of high lead slag per ton is 0～100Kg.In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, when in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, adding carbon granule, also add stone or iron ore, it is 2～5mm that the particle size range of stone or iron ore requires, the add-on of stone or iron ore satisfies the area requirement of reducing slag type: Fe/SiO 2=1--1.4/1, CaO/SiO 2=0.4-0.7/1; Unnecessary CO mends into air or oxygen by the burner mouth and makes its secondary combustion in the stove.
The requirement of institute's supplied gas is in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath: with oxygen and Sweet natural gas combination the time, the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--90Nm 3, the Sweet natural gas consumption of high lead slag per ton is 20Nm 3--40Nm 3With oxygen and coal gas combination the time, the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 10Nm 3--80Nm 3, the gas using quantity of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--80Nm 3
A kind of bath smelting directly refines plumbous device, comprise the bath smelting oxidized still of producing high lead slag melt and part lead bullion, it is characterized in that: the slag notch of bath smelting oxidized still links to each other by the slag inlet of chute with bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace, is provided with gas spray gun in the bottom or the bottom side of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace.
Bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is a kind of round tube type converter that can rotate along axis, be provided with gas spray gun in bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace bottom or bottom side; Be provided with charging opening and smoke outlet on cylindrical shell top; Be provided with plumbous mouthful of slag inlet, end cinder notch and the end in the termination of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace one end; The reduction furnace the other end is provided with burner mouth and slag notch in the bottom blowing molten bath; Be provided with siphon lead taphole in reduction furnace bottom, bottom blowing molten bath or side lower part.
Bottom or bottom side at bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace are equipped with spray gun, and the angle α scope of spray gun and vertical curve is 0 °≤α≤90 °.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the bath smelting oxidized still is produced the high lead slag melt and flow directly into bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace and carry out liquid reduction, can make full use of the latent heat of high lead slag melt, saved the energy;
2. saved present advanced technologies " oxygen bottom-blowing----blast furnace reduction " casting slag machine in the system, avoided the high lead slag ingot bar store up, waste in the transportation, and Working environment further improves;
3. the oxidation bath smelting of lead-containing material and the molten bath reduction of high lead slag are carried out in bath smelting oxidized still and bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace respectively, help the control of process, avoided the detrimentally affect that in same stove, causes partition wall to damage easily;
4. adopt carbon granule to do the thermal reduction agent, under the violent stirring effect of gas, strengthened reduction effect, and carbon granule convenient sources, low price;
5. oxygen and Sweet natural gas or oxygen and coal gas are introduced in the melt bottom in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, have improved heat utilization efficiency, have accelerated speed of response, improved reducing degree, and dust rate are not high;
6. bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace adopts rotatable body of heater, makes just can realize changing rifle, maintenance or occur only need producing stove when unusual.
7. in stove, there is portion C O on the liquid level,, makes the CO secondary combustion, heat is utilized again by mending secondary air or oxygen.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a device connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace structure iron.
Fig. 4 is reduction furnace gas spray gun position, bottom blowing molten bath.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of bath smelting directly refines plumbous method, comprise lead-containing material, flux are produced high lead slag melt and part lead bullion by the bath smelting oxidized still, concrete steps are: the high lead slag melt is flowed directly in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath by chute reduce; In the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, from the bottom or bottom side, in melt, infeed oxygen and Sweet natural gas or oxygen and coal gas with gas spray gun; Charging opening by bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace adds carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, make it fully contact reduction with the high lead slag melt; The high lead slag melt is output lead bullion, flue gas and finishing slag after the reduction of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace.
The high lead slag melt that oxidation is carried out in the bath smelting oxidized still, the bath smelting oxidized still is produced of lead-containing material carries out in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath in the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, realizes the transfer of the high lead slag melt of bath smelting oxidized still to bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace by chute.
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, bath smelting oxidized still and bottom blowing molten bath lead bullion that reduction furnace produces are cast lead pig through lead casting machine and are sent to electrorefining; In the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, the finishing slag after the reduction is sent to fuming Zn extraction; The flue gas that bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is discharged directly emptying after waste heat boiler and electric precipitator cooling dedusting; Dedusting gained cigarette ash returns batching.
In aforesaid method, in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, its reduction temperature is controlled at 1000～1300 ℃.
In aforesaid method, reduction furnace used high lead slag bath composition in bottom blowing molten bath requires as follows: PbO:35～55%, FeO:8～18%, SiO 2: 7～15%, CaO:3～8%, S:0.2～1%, ZnO:2～12%, other trace ingredients has Cu, As, Sb.
In aforesaid method, the carbon granule service requirements is in the reduction furnace reduction process of bottom blowing molten bath: particle diameter 10～70mm, the carbon granule consumption of high lead slag per ton is 0～100Kg.
In aforesaid method, institute's supplied gas requires: a kind of is that oxygen and Sweet natural gas are used in combination, and its amount ranges is: the used amount of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3～90Nm 3, the used amount of natural gas of high lead slag per ton is 20Nm 3～40Nm 3Another kind is that oxygen and coal gas are used in combination, and it is CO and H all that coal gas is pressed 2Calculate, the used amount of oxygen of high lead slag then per ton is 10Nm 3～80Nm 3, the used coal gas amount of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3～80Nm 3
Also add stone or iron ore when adding carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, it is 2～5mm that the particle size range of stone or iron ore requires, and the add-on of stone or iron ore satisfies the area requirement of reducing slag type: Fe/SiO 2=1～1.4/1, CaO/SiO 2=0.4～0.7/1.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, it is as follows to enter the high lead slag composition of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace:
PbO：50％，FeO：12％?SiO 2：10％，CaO：5％，ZnO：7％?Cu：1％，S：0.6％，As：0.4％，Sb：0.5％.
The bath smelting oxidized still is produced the high lead slag melt to be flowed in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath by chute, in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, add carbon granule, stone and iron ore from charging opening, the carbon granule particle diameter is 10～70mm, the carbon granule consumption of high lead slag per ton is 20～100Kg, it is 2～5mm that stone and iron ore particle size range require, and consumption satisfies Fe/SiO 2=1～1.4/1, CaO/SiO 2=0.4～0.7/1 area requirement.Gas spray gun by bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace bottom or bottom side infeeds oxygen and Sweet natural gas simultaneously, and the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--90Nm 3The Sweet natural gas consumption of high lead slag per ton is 20Nm 3--40Nm 3
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, it is as follows to enter the high lead slag composition of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace:
PbO：50％，FeO：12％?SiO 2：10％，CaO：5％，ZnO：7％?Cu：1％，S：0.6％，As：0.4％，Sb：0.5％.
Bath smelting furnace is produced the high lead slag melt to be flowed in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath by chute, in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, add carbon granule, stone and iron ore from charging opening, the carbon granule particle diameter is 10～70mm, the carbon granule consumption of high lead slag per ton is 0～100Kg, it is 2～5mm that stone and iron ore particle size range require, and consumption satisfies Fe/SiO 2=1～1.4/1, CaO/SiO 2=0.4～0.7/1 area requirement.Gas spray gun by bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace bottom or bottom side infeeds oxygen and coal gas simultaneously, and the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 10Nm 3--80Nm 3The gas using quantity of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--80Nm 3
Waste heat boiler that bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is supporting and electric precipitator gained cigarette ash return batching by ash-transmission system, and wherein waste heat boiler can replace cooling with the trickle water cooler, and electric precipitator also can replace with bagroom.
Shown in Fig. 2,3,4, a kind of bath smelting directly refines plumbous device, comprise the bath smelting oxidized still of producing high lead slag melt and part lead bullion, the slag notch 2 of bath smelting oxidized still 1 links to each other with the slag inlet 4 of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5 by chute 3, is provided with gas spray gun 12 in the bottom or the bottom side of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace.Bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is a kind of round tube type converter that can rotate along axis, in bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace bottom or bottom side be provided with the spray gun flange of fixed gases spray gun; Be provided with charging opening 7 and smoke outlet 6 on stove top; On the termination of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace one end, be provided with the plumbous mouth 14 in slag inlet 4, end cinder notch 13 and the end; Be provided with burner mouth 8 and slag notch 9 at the bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace the other end; Be provided with siphon lead taphole 10 in reduction furnace bottom, bottom blowing molten bath or side lower part.Bottom or bottom side at bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace are equipped with spray gun 12, and the angle α scope of spray gun and vertical curve is 0 °≤α≤90 °.
The slag notch 2 of bath smelting oxidized still 1 links to each other by chute 3 with the slag inlet 4 of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5, and the high lead slag melt that bath smelting oxidized still 1 is produced can flow directly in the bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5 by chute 3.Leave running clearance between bath smelting oxidized still 1 and bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5 and the chute 3.
As shown in Figure 3, after the high lead slag melt enters bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5 by slag inlet 4, owing to add carbon granule and stone or iron ore flux from the charging opening 7 of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace 5, and from reduction furnace 5 bottoms, bottom blowing molten bath or bottom side infeed oxygen and Sweet natural gas or oxygen and coal gas by gas spray gun 12.Sweet natural gas can partial combustion be emitted heat maintenance process needs like this, and partial combustion generates CO or cracking goes out C, H 2, these CO, C, H 2And the carbon granule that adds all is good thermal reduction agent, if ventilating coal gas, not cracking of coal gas, itself just contains CO and H 2Thereby, realize the reduction of high lead slag.Finishing slag after the reduction is sent to fuming Zn extraction after being discharged by slag notch 9; The plumbous liquid of gained is sunken to the bottom and is discharged by lead outlet 10, casts lead pig through lead casting machine then; Follow the flue gas of output to discharge, then through waste heat boiler cooling and electric precipitator dedusting, the gas emptying after the dedusting by smoke outlet 6; Cigarette ash after the dedusting returns feed proportioning system.Be provided with burner mouth 8 in this stove termination, a mouthful benefit is gone into air or oxygen thus, makes CO secondary combustion unnecessary in the stove, and oil burner or fuel burner nozzle baking stove also can be installed before blow-on.Whole stove seat is on the support roller 11 that is installed on the base, and stove is furnished with transmission system, by opening transmission system, realizes stove converter when changing rifle, maintenance and handling problem.

Claims (2)

1. a bath smelting directly refines plumbous method, comprises lead-containing material, flux are produced high lead slag melt and part lead bullion by the bath smelting oxidized still, it is characterized in that:
A. the high lead slag melt is flowed directly in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath by chute and reduce;
B. in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath from the bottom or bottom side, in melt, infeed oxygen and Sweet natural gas or oxygen and coal gas with gas spray gun;
C. the charging opening by bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace adds carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, makes it fully contact reduction with the high lead slag melt;
D. high lead slag melt output lead bullion, flue gas and finishing slag after bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace reduction;
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, the oxidation of lead-containing material is carried out in the bath smelting oxidized still, this bath smelting oxidized still is one of oxygen bottom-blowing stove, the many stoves of Ai Salu, Ka Er or seal Ke stove, and bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is a kind of round tube type converter that can rotate along axis; Bottom or bottom side at bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace are provided with gas spray gun, are provided with charging opening and smoke outlet on cylindrical shell top; Be provided with plumbous mouthful of slag inlet, end cinder notch and the end in the termination of bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace one end; The reduction furnace the other end is provided with burner mouth and slag notch in the bottom blowing molten bath; Be provided with siphon lead taphole in reduction furnace bottom, bottom blowing molten bath or side lower part;
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, the reduction temperature in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath is controlled at 1000--1300 ℃;
The particle size range that adds carbon granule in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath is 10---70mm, and the carbon granule consumption of high lead slag per ton is 0～100Kg;
In the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, when in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, adding carbon granule, also add stone or iron ore, it is 2～5mm that the particle size range of stone or iron ore requires, the add-on of stone or iron ore satisfies the area requirement of reducing slag type: Fe/SiO 2=1--1.4/1, CaO/SiO 2=0.4-0.7/1;
The requirement of institute's supplied gas is in the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath: with oxygen and Sweet natural gas combination the time, the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--90Nm 3, the Sweet natural gas consumption of high lead slag per ton is 20Nm 3--40Nm 3With oxygen and coal gas combination the time, the flow of oxygen of high lead slag per ton is 10Nm 3--80Nm 3, the gas using quantity of high lead slag per ton is 30Nm 3--80Nm 3
2. bath smelting according to claim 1 directly refines plumbous method, it is characterized in that: in the plumbous process of above-mentioned refining, bath smelting oxidized still and bottom blowing molten bath lead bullion that reduction furnace produces are cast lead pig through lead casting machine and are sent to electrorefining; In the reduction furnace of bottom blowing molten bath, the finishing slag after the reduction is sent to fuming Zn extraction; The flue gas that bottom blowing molten bath reduction furnace is discharged directly emptying after the cooling dedusting; Cooling dedusting gained cigarette ash returns batching.
CN 200710127659 2007-01-04 2007-06-21 Direct lead smelting method in molten pool and its device Active CN101086038B (en)

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