CN113105471B - 一种具有抗氧化活性的酚酸类化合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗氧化活性的酚酸类化合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗氧化活性的酚酸类化合物及其应用,该酚酸类化合物以桫椤茎干,依次采用无水乙醇冷凝回流提取、ODS中压柱、Sephadex LH‑20及液相分离制备,该提取分离方法简单、快速且环保,用该方法分离得到的化合物纯度很高,药理活性测定实验证明Alsophilin具有较好的抗氧化活性,因此所述的一种从桫椤茎干中提取的酚酸类化合物及其盐和衍生物可作为天然产物开发中药新药,具有广阔的医药应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化合物分离技术领域,涉及从桫椤茎干中提取、分离和鉴定出的新化合物及其提取分离方法,具体为桫椤茎干中一种具有抗氧化活性的酚酸类化合物及其提取分离方法和应用。
背景技术
桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa(Wall.ex Hook.)R.M.Tryon)是一种著名的孑遗植物,属桫椤科(Cyatheaceae)桫椤属(Alsophila),别名树蕨、蛇木等,是现存唯一的木本蕨类植物,高度可达数米,有“蕨类植物之王”的美誉。1985年,《中华人民共和国药典》收录了桫椤干燥茎干薄片可以入药,被称为“龙骨风”,有很好的药用价值,具有清热解毒、润肺止咳、除湿祛风等功效,和驱除蠕虫感染,减缓流感咳嗽和肝炎等。
桫椤的现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗炎症、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等功效,民间有用桫椤叶片煎煮喝汤来祛痰止咳、清热解暑的用途。根据研究报道,桫椤的主要次生代谢化合物包括黄酮类,萜类,甾体,生物碱等。近年来,对桫椤化合物分离及其药理活性的研究几乎没有,并且从未报道过一种新酚酸类的化合物的分离及其体外药理活性研究。
目前从桫椤中分离出的次生代谢产物较少,且大都为已知化合物,结构新颖性低,因此,对桫椤中新化合物的开发和分离是亟待需求的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种从桫椤茎干中提取的新化合物Alsophilin及其提取分离方法和应用,本发明提供从桫椤茎干中提取的新化合物,经研究发现该酚酸类化合物具有显著的抗氧化作用,同时该化合物的提取分离方法简便、快捷且环保,分离得到的化合物纯度高。
本发明具体通过以下技术方案实现:
一种具有抗氧化活性的酚酸类化合物,所述化合物的分子式为C27H20O9,俗名为Alsophilin,化学结构式如下:
在本发明的另一方面,提供了上述酚酸类化合物的提取分离方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取新鲜桫椤茎干阴干并粉碎,采用冷凝回流提取,取滤液减压浓缩的浸膏;
2)将得到的浸膏用纯水重悬后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取的乙酸乙酯层减压蒸干,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
3)将获得的乙酸乙酯提取物经预处理的ODS反向中压柱(Octadecylsilyl,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料)层析分离,洗脱经薄层色谱检测,将显色的洗脱馏份减压旋转浓缩蒸干,备用;
4)将步骤3)所得浓缩物经预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱(SephadexLH-20)层析分离,洗脱经薄层色谱检测,将显色的洗脱馏份减压浓缩蒸干,备用;
5)对步骤4)所得到的浓缩物进行HPLC分离,制备得到酚酸类化合物Alsophilin。
进一步的,步骤1)中采用无水乙醇冷凝回流提取,每次回流提取2小时,无水乙醇的用量按照3L/kg药材,并反复提取4次,合并4次的提取液。
进一步的,步骤3)中采用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,甲醇和水的体积比为30:70、40:60、50:50、60:40、80:20、100:0梯度洗脱。
进一步的,所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡超过24小时,上柱后,用甲醇洗脱,直到滴入水中无浑浊,再用初始流动相平衡。
进一步的,步骤4)中洗脱采用甲醇等度洗脱。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了所述酚酸类化合物或其盐或其衍生物在制备抗氧化药物、食品或保健品中的应用。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供来源于桫椤茎干的新化合物及一种针对本发明新化合物的提取分离方法,采用无水乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、ODS中压柱、葡聚糖凝胶柱及制备HPLC进行分离纯化与制备,成功提取分离出新的化合物Alsophilin,该方法操作步骤仅5步,操作方法简单且快速,提取分离过程中主要采用无水乙醇提取及乙酸乙酯萃取,工艺方法环保,经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高均大于97%,此外经药理活性实验研究表明Alsophilin具有较好的抗氧化活性,因此本发明新化合物Alsophilin及其衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药物开发和药理活性研究的原料,还可以用于食品添加或保健品开发。
附图说明
图1为本发明新化合物的高分辨质谱图;
图2为本发明新化合物的红外光谱(IR图);
图3为本发明新化合物的1H-NMR光谱图;
图4为本发明新化合物的13C-NMR光谱图;
图5为本发明新化合物的核磁共振HSQC光谱图;
图6为本发明新化合物的核磁共振HMBC光谱图;
图7为本发明新化合物的核磁共振ROESY光谱图;
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明具体的实施例,对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
从桫椤茎干中提取分离的酚酸类化合物分离方法,具体步骤如下:
1)称取桫椤茎干干燥粉末6kg,用无水乙醇冷凝回流提取,无水乙醇用量为3L/kg药材,重复回流提取4次,每次2h,减压旋转蒸干乙醇,得浸膏备用。
2)将步骤1)得到的浸膏用适量的纯水重悬,用乙酸乙酯萃取,每次3L,共萃取4次,将萃取的乙酸乙酯层合并后减压蒸干,得到乙酸乙酯提取物。
3)将步骤2)中乙酸乙酯提取物经预处理的ODS反向中压柱(Octadecylsilyl,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料)层析分离,其中填料粒度为20-40μm,用甲醇-水(30:70、40:60、50:50、60:40、80:20、100:0)梯度洗脱,得到18个洗脱馏份,经薄层色谱检测,显色,将7-10馏份分别在60℃下减压旋转蒸干,备用。
4)将步骤3)所得物再经过预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱(Sephadex LH-20)层析分离,用甲醇洗脱,得到37个洗脱馏份(即共收集37瓶,每瓶收集30mL),经薄层色谱检测,显色,将12-14馏份合并,将合并后的馏份在60℃下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡超过24小时,上柱后,用甲醇洗脱,直到滴入水中无浑浊,再用初始流动相平衡。
5)对步骤4)所得到的浓缩物进行HPLC(高效液相色谱)分离制备,用35%甲醇水作为流动相,检测波长为370nm,最终制备得到本发明新的酚酸类化合物Alsophilin,其纯度达到97%以上。
该酚酸类化合物Alsophilin分子式为C27H20O9,化学结构式如下:
表1为该新化合物的核磁数据:1H-NMR与13C-NMR在CD3OD中。
表1 酚酸类化合物Alsophilin的核磁数据
淡黄色粉末,易溶于甲醇。如图1所示,HRESIMS(+)给出m/z:489.1179[M+H]+的准分子离子峰,推测分子式可能为C27H20O9,不饱和度为18。
如图2所示,IR图谱显示3324cm-1说明酚羟基的存在,1670cm-1说明酯羰基的存在,1606,1544,1447cm-1说明苯环的存在。
如图3所示,1H-NMR显示14个氢信号,分别为:2组1,2,4-三取代的苯环氢信号(6个),为δ7.06(d,J=2.0Hz),6.97(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz),6.78(d,J=8.5Hz),和6.76(d,J=2.0Hz),6.66(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz),6.79(d,J=8.5Hz);1组1,3,5-三取代的苯环氢信号(3个),为δ6.12(2H,d,J=2.5Hz),6.18(t,J=2.5Hz);1组1,2-取代的反式双键氢信号(2个),为δ7.38(d,J=16.0Hz)和6.70(d,J=16.0Hz);3个次甲基氢信号,为δ6.43(s),5.43(d,J=6.5Hz),4.26(d,J=6.5Hz)。
如图4所示,13C-NMR谱显示27个碳信号,分别为1个α,β-不饱和内酯δ163.1,8个含氧取代的苯环或双键季碳信号(δ173.8,164.9,160.1(2C),148.9,147.3,146.9,146.8),4个碳键相连的苯环或双键季碳信号(δ144.7,132.5,128.7,103.8),12个苯环或双键叔碳信号(δ138.1,122.2,119.0,117.0,116.6,116.4,114.9,113.8,106.7(2C),102.6,96.3),2个烷烃类叔碳信号(δ97.8,55.0)。
如图5所示,HSQC谱可观察到C-5,C-7,C-8,C-10,C-13,C-14,C-2′(6′),C-4′,C-7′,C-8′,C-10′,C-13′,C-14′与其直接相连氢的相关峰。通过以上信息,对此新酚酸类化合物的部分骨架碳、氢化学位移进行归属。
如图6所示,HMBC谱可观察到相关峰,H-5/C-3,C-4,C-6,C-7;H-7/C-5,C-6,C-9;H-8/C-6,C-10,C-14;H-10/C-8,C-12,C-14;H-13/C-9,C-11;H-14/C-8,C-10,C-12;H-7′/C-2,C-3,C-4,C-1′,C-2′(6′),C-9′,H-8′/C-4,C-1′,C-9′,C-10′,C-14′;H-2′(6′)/C-4′,C-7′;H-10′/C-8′,C-12′,C-14′;H-13′/C-9′,C-11′;H-14′/C-10′,C-12′。通过以上信息,可确定此新酚酸类化合物的平面结构如上所示。
如图7所示,ROESY光谱中,H-7′(δ4.26)与H-10′(δ6.76),H-8′(δ5.43)与H-2′/6′(δ6.12)显示出强相关,可确定此新酚酸类化合物中五元呋喃环的相对构型为H-7′与H-8′-处于反式,如上所示。
实施例2酚酸类化合物的抗氧化活性
1.实验材料
1.1药品和试剂:实验所用化合物由上述方法制备,纯度为95%以上,精密称取,用DMSO溶解,配制成下述各剂量组所需浓度。半胱氨酸、FeSO4、三氯乙酸(TCA)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)和PBS购自美国Amresco公司。阳性药姜黄素购于美国Sigma公司。
1.2动物:雄性SD大鼠280-300g,购自北京维通利华生物技术有限公司。
2.实验方法
2.1大鼠肝微粒体提取
①TMS缓冲液的配制:分别称取Tris 3.03g,MgCl·H2O 0.30g和蔗糖32.3g,加双蒸水溶解至500mL,混匀。用6mol/L的盐酸调节PH=7.4,4℃保存备用。
②SD大鼠禁食12h断头处死,充分放血,迅速打开腹腔,由门静脉注射冰生理盐水冲洗肝脏至土黄色,取出肝脏,用冷生理盐水彻底漂洗,滤纸吸干,称重。剪碎,按照1:3(W/V)的比例加入TMS缓冲液,匀浆后于4℃,以10,000g离心30min,取上清液置于超速离心机中,于4℃,以105,000g离心60min。沉淀即为肝微粒体,以TMS缓冲液(每1g肝脏加入1mLTMS缓冲液)重悬,分装,置于-80℃冰箱内保存备用。
2.2分组:设置空白组、模型组、待测化合物组和阳性药姜黄素组,待测化合物和姜黄素分别设8个浓度:5×10-8,1×10-7,5×10-7,1×10-6,5×10-6,1×10-5,5×10-5,1×10- 4mol/L,每组设置3个复孔。
2.3脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)的检测
每管分别加入PBS缓冲液155μL、肝微粒体30μL、半胱氨酸50μL。对照组和模型组每管加DMSO 2.5μL,待测化合物和阳性药组分别加2.5μL终浓度分别为5×10-8,1×10-7,5×10-7,1×10-6,5×10-6,1×10-5,5×10-5,1×10-4mol/L的待测化合物和姜黄素,于37℃水浴震荡15min。模型组、受试药组和阳性药组每管加1×10-2M FeSO4溶液(现用现配)13μL,对照组加PBS缓冲液13μL,于37℃水浴震荡15min。然后每管各加TCA溶液250μL、TBA溶液500μL,于100℃水浴10min。冷却后每管取600μL置于1.5mL EP管中,8000rpm离心10min,取上清液200μL于96孔板中,于532nm处测吸光度(OD)。计算MDA浓度,MDA浓度(C)=(OD待测化合物-0.006)/0.07×10nmol/mL,然后计算各浓度化合物对MDA生成的抑制率,抑制率(IR)(%)=[1-(C待测化合物-C空白)/(C模型-C空白)]×100%,再应用SPSS软件处理数据,将抑制率对药物浓度作曲线,计算IC50值。
3.实验结果
实验结果表明本发明新酚酸类化合物对大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化酶MDA的产生表现出良好的抑制活性,IC50为2.13μmol/L(5×10-6mol/L浓度下,抑制率>50%),与阳性对照药姜黄素的活性相当。本发明新酚酸类化合物对MDA抑制率的IC50见表2。
表2 本发明新化合物对MDA抑制率的IC50
综上所述,本发明提供了一种从桫椤茎干中提取的新酚酸类化合物及其提取分离方法和应用,该酚酸类化合物依次采用无水乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、ODS中压柱、葡聚糖凝胶柱及制备HPLC进行分离纯化与制备,成功提取分离出新的化合物Alsophilin,该提取分离方法简单且快速,提取分离过程中主要采用无水乙醇提取及乙酸乙酯萃取,工艺方法环保,经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高。由于所得化合物从桫椤茎干中提取出来,其具有较好的抗氧化活性,因此本发明提供的一种从桫椤茎干中提取的新酚酸类化合物及其衍生物可以做为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药物开发和药理活性研究的原料,还可以用于食品添加或保健品开发。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
2.权利要求1所述酚酸类化合物的分离提取方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)取新鲜桫椤茎干阴干并粉碎,采用无水乙醇冷凝回流提取,取滤液减压浓缩的浸膏;
2)将得到的浸膏用纯水重悬后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取的乙酸乙酯层减压蒸干,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
3)将获得的乙酸乙酯提取物经预处理的ODS反向中压柱层析分离,采用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,甲醇和水的体积比为30:70、40:60、50:50、60:40、80:20、100:0梯度洗脱,洗脱经薄层色谱检测,将显色的洗脱馏份减压旋转浓缩蒸干,备用;
4)将步骤3)所得浓缩物经预处理的葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离,采用甲醇等度洗脱,洗脱经薄层色谱检测,将显色的洗脱馏份减压浓缩蒸干,备用;
5)对步骤4)所得到的浓缩物进行HPLC分离,制备得到酚酸类化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分离提取方法,其特征在于,ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡超过24小时,上柱后,用甲醇洗脱,直到滴入水中无浑浊,再用初始流动相平衡。
4.权利要求1所述酚酸类化合物或其盐或其衍生物在制备抗氧化药物、食品或保健品中的应用。
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