CN113100357A - Fermented fat source feed raw material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fermented fat source feed raw material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fermented fat source feed raw material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fermented fat source feed raw material comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of a fermented fat source, 20-45 parts of a protein source, 1-10 parts of an antioxidant, 1-10 parts of an emulsifier and 20-40 parts of a carrier. The fermented fat source feed raw material provided by the invention can replace fish meal, improve the growth performance of aquatic products, save resources and improve economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a fermented fat source feed raw material, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a fermented fat source feed raw material capable of effectively improving the growth performance of aquatic products, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, as wild fishery resources are damaged and aquaculture industry develops rapidly, the problems of unstable fish meal supply, rising price and the like are caused, and the shortage of fish meal resources becomes one of the serious challenges facing the feed industry. Therefore, the search for alternative sources of fish meal becomes an important strategy for the healthy development of the aquatic feed industry. The fish meal is replaced by adding other replaceable protein sources with low price and stable sources, so that the method has important significance for reducing the pressure of fishery resources and reducing the breeding cost.
CN106561972A discloses a method for producing a biological feed rich in nucleic acid, DHA and protein, which comprises the steps of firstly taking itaconic acid mycelium, primarily drying and crushing, then mixing the dried mycelium, schizochytrium limacinum powder and itaconic acid mother liquor according to a proportion to obtain a fermentation substrate, and preparing the biological feed rich in nucleic acid, DHA and protein by a microbial fermentation method. The content of crude protein in the biological feed prepared by the invention is more than 36.1%, the problems of itaconic acid fermentation waste residue and mother liquor are solved while the nutrient content of a fermentation substrate is improved, economic benefits are created, and environmental problems caused by the waste residue and the waste liquor are solved.
CN106804938A discloses a fish meal replacement composition, a compound premix and a fish meal-free nursery pig feed containing the fish meal replacement composition. The fish meal substitute composition comprises two or more of rice enzymolysis protein, Hamlet protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, fowl blood plasma, and pupa peptide protein. According to the fish meal nutrition composition characteristics, the low-cost high-protein raw material which is easy to digest and absorb is adopted to replace the fish meal, after the nursery pig is fed for a period of time, the weight and health degree of the feed are equivalent to or even superior to those of the normal feed containing the fish meal, so that the production cost of the nursery pig can be reduced, and the production benefit is improved.
The development of aquatic feed industry is seriously influenced due to the shortage of fish meal resources. Therefore, how to provide a fish meal substitute which is non-resource, green, safe and efficient in production becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fermented fat source feed raw material and a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly provides a fermented fat source feed raw material capable of effectively improving the growth performance of aquatic products and a preparation method and application thereof. The fermented fat source feed raw material provided by the invention can replace fish meal, improve the growth performance of aquatic products, save resources and improve economic benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to the first aspect, the invention provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises 10-30 parts of a fermented fat source, 20-45 parts of a protein source, 1-10 parts of an antioxidant, 1-10 parts of an emulsifier and 20-40 parts of a carrier in parts by weight.
The number of the fermented protein source may be 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 or 30, the number of the protein source may be 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45, the number of the antioxidant may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, the number of the emulsifier may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 or 10, the number of the carrier may be 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
The fermented fat source feed raw material obviously improves the growth performance of aquatic products and improves the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products by selecting a specific fermented fat source and a protein source and utilizing the synergistic effect of the fermented fat source and the protein source.
Preferably, the raw materials of the fermented fat source feed comprise 15-25 parts of fermented fat source, 30-40 parts of protein source, 3-7 parts of antioxidant, 3-7 parts of emulsifier and 25-35 parts of carrier in parts by weight.
The fermented fat source feed raw materials with the specific component ratio further improve the growth performance of aquatic products and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products.
Preferably, the fermented fat source is produced by a process comprising the steps of:
(1) fermenting schizochytrium limacinum, and centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli;
(2) and (2) mixing the wet thalli obtained in the step (1) with acid, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, mixing with a solvent, extracting, and performing desolventizing to obtain the fermented fat source.
According to the method, the specific solvent is selected, the extraction parameters are controlled, the nutrient content of the fermented fat source is improved, the promoting effect of the fermented fat source feed raw materials on the growth of aquatic products is improved, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products are improved.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the step (1) is 26-30 ℃ and the time is 70-74h, the fermentation is carried out under stirring, and the stirring speed is 50-100 r/min.
Wherein the temperature can be 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃ or 30 ℃, the time can be 70h, 71h, 72h, 73h or 74h, the stirring speed can be 50r/min, 60r/min, 70r/min, 80r/min, 90r/min or 100r/min, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned value range can be applied.
Preferably, the acid in step (2) comprises any one of hydrochloric acid, malic acid or citric acid.
Preferably, the concentration of the acid is 3.5 to 4.5 mol/L.
Preferably, the mass-volume ratio of the wet thallus to the acid is 1:18-1:22 kg/L.
The concentration of the acid may be 3.5mol/L, 3.6mol/L, 3.7mol/L, 3.8mol/L, 3.9mol/L, 4mol/L, 4.1mol/L, 4.2mol/L, 4.3mol/L, 4.4mol/L, or 4.5mol/L, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the wet cells to the acid may be 1:18kg/L, 1:19kg/L, 1:20kg/L, 1:21kg/L, or 1:22kg/L, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the solvent in step (2) includes any one or a combination of at least two of chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone, methanol or ethanol, such as a combination of chloroform and petroleum ether, a combination of chloroform and methanol, or a combination of acetone and petroleum ether, but not limited to the above-listed combinations, and other combinations not listed within the above-mentioned combinations are also applicable, and a combination of chloroform and methanol is preferred.
The special solvent can obviously improve the extraction effect, improve the nutrient content of the fermented fat source, improve the promoting effect of the fermented fat source feed raw materials on the growth of aquatic products, and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products.
Preferably, the mass-volume ratio of the wet bacteria to the solvent is 1:18-1:22 kg/L;
preferably, the temperature of the extraction is 53-57 ℃, the extraction times are at least 3 times, and the time of each extraction is 0.8-1.2 h.
The mass-to-volume ratio of the wet cells to the solvent may be 1:18kg/L, 1:19kg/L, 1:20kg/L, 1:21kg/L or 1:22kg/L, the temperature of the extraction may be 53 ℃, 54 ℃, 55 ℃, 56 ℃ or 57 ℃, the number of times of the extraction may be 3, 4 or 5, and the time for each extraction may be 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h or 1.2h, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned value range are also applicable.
The specific extraction parameters can improve the extraction effect, improve the nutrient content of the fermented fat source, improve the promotion effect of the fermented fat source feed raw materials on the growth of aquatic products, and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products.
Preferably, the protein source includes any one or a combination of at least two of brewers ' yeast, petroleum yeast, marine yeast, fodder yeast, spirulina or fermented plant protein, such as a combination of brewers ' yeast and petroleum yeast, a combination of petroleum yeast and marine yeast or a combination of fodder yeast and spirulina, etc., but not limited to the above-listed combinations, and other combinations not listed within the above-listed combinations are equally applicable, preferably brewers ' yeast and/or spirulina.
The specific proprotein can improve the promoting effect of the fermented fat source feed raw material on the growth of aquatic products, and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products.
Preferably, the antioxidant comprises, by weight, 5-50 parts of ethoxyquinoline, 5-50 parts of dibutyl hydroxy toluene, 5-10 parts of butyl hydroxy anisole, 5-10 parts of tert-butyl hydroquinone, 1-5 parts of citric acid, 1-5 parts of phosphoric acid, 5-10 parts of monoglyceride and 5-10 parts of sucrose ester.
Wherein, the part of ethoxyquinoline can be 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts or 50 parts, etc., the part of dibutylhydroxytoluene can be 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts or 50 parts, etc., the part of butylhydroxyanisole can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, etc., the part of tert-butylhydroquinone can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, etc., the part of citric acid can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, etc., the part of phosphoric acid can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts or 5 parts, etc., the part of monoglyceride can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, etc., the part of sucrose ester can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts or 10 parts, etc., but not limited to, the above-listed numerical values, and other numerical values not listed in the above numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the antioxidant is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: heating and dissolving dibutyl hydroxy toluene, butyl hydroxy anisole and tert-butyl hydroquinone in ethoxyquinoline, and then mixing and homogenizing with citric acid, phosphoric acid, monoglyceride and sucrose ester to obtain the antioxidant.
Preferably, the emulsifier includes any one or a combination of at least two of sucrose fatty acid ester, lipotropism factor, glyceryl monostearate or bile acid salt, such as a combination of sucrose fatty acid ester and lipotropism factor, a combination of lipotropism factor and glyceryl monostearate or a combination of glyceryl monostearate and bile acid salt, but not limited to the above-listed combinations, and other combinations not listed within the above-mentioned combination range are also applicable.
Preferably, the carrier includes any one or a combination of at least two of corn flour, bran cake flour, rice hull flour, wheat middling or wheat bran, such as a combination of corn flour and bran cake flour, a combination of bran cake flour and rice hull flour, or a combination of rice hull flour and wheat bran, and the like, but is not limited to the above-listed combinations, and other combinations not listed within the above-listed combinations are also applicable.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermented fat-derived feed material as described above, the method comprising the steps of:
heating and dissolving the fermented fat source, mixing the fermented fat source with an emulsifier and an antioxidant for homogenization, and mixing the homogenized mixture with a protein source and a carrier for adsorption to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
The preparation method can quickly and conveniently prepare the fermented fat source feed raw material.
Preferably, the heating temperature is 40-60 deg.C, such as 40 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 55 deg.C or 60 deg.C, but not limited to the above-listed values, and other values not listed within the above-mentioned range of values are equally applicable.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides the use of a fermented fat source feed material as described above in the preparation of an aquaculture feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which obviously improves the growth performance of aquatic products and improves the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products by selecting a specific fermented fat source and a protein source and utilizing the synergistic effect of the fermented fat source and the protein source; by selecting a specific solvent and controlling extraction parameters, the nutrient content of the fermented fat source is improved, the promoting effect of the fermented fat source feed raw materials on the growth of aquatic products is improved, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products are improved.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.
In the following examples, Schizochytrium limacinum is purchased from Shanghai light Biotech Ltd;
beer yeast was purchased from Ningbo boat Biotech, Inc.;
spirulina is purchased from Shanghai plain Biotech Ltd;
petroleum yeast is available from Ningbo Ming boat Biotech, Inc.;
marine yeast is available from Ningbo boat Biotechnology, Inc.
Preparation example 1
The preparation example provides a fermented fat source, and the preparation method is as follows
(1) Taking 2 parts of schizochytrium, 5 parts of beef extract, 15 parts of glucose, 20 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of peptone, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of sodium hydroxide and 1000 parts of water (by weight parts) to ferment for 72 hours under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 70r/min, and then centrifuging fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli;
(2) mixing wet thalli and hydrochloric acid (4mol/L) (the mass-volume ratio is 1:20kg/L), crushing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, adding a chloroform-methanol (the volume ratio is 1:1) mixed solution (equal to the hydrochloric acid), extracting for 3 times at 55 ℃, filtering for 1h each time to obtain a solvent phase and filter residue, collecting the solvent phase, and performing vacuum desolventization to obtain the fermented fat source.
Preparation example 2
The preparation example provides a fermented fat source, and the preparation method is as follows
(1) Taking 2 parts of schizochytrium, 5 parts of beef extract, 15 parts of glucose, 20 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of peptone, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of sodium hydroxide and 1000 parts of water (by weight) to ferment for 74 hours at 26 ℃ under the condition of 100r/min, and then centrifuging fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli;
(2) mixing the wet thalli and hydrochloric acid (3.5mol/L) (the mass-volume ratio is 1:22kg/L), crushing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, adding chloroform (equal volume to the hydrochloric acid), extracting for 3 times at 53 ℃, each time for 1.2h, filtering each time to obtain a solvent phase and filter residue, collecting the solvent phase, and performing vacuum desolventization to obtain the fermented fat source.
Preparation example 3
The preparation example provides a fermented fat source, and the preparation method is as follows
(1) Taking 2 parts of schizochytrium, 5 parts of beef extract, 15 parts of glucose, 20 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of peptone, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of sodium hydroxide and 1000 parts of water (by weight) to ferment for 70 hours under the conditions of 30 ℃ and 50r/min, and then centrifuging fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli;
(2) mixing the wet thalli and hydrochloric acid (4.5mol/L) (the mass-volume ratio is 1:18kg/L), crushing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, adding methanol (equal to the hydrochloric acid), extracting for 3 times at 57 ℃, each time for 0.8h, filtering each time to obtain a solvent phase and filter residue, collecting the solvent phase, and performing vacuum desolventization to obtain the fermented fat source.
Preparation example 4
This preparation example provides a fermented fat source, which was the same as in preparation example 1 except that the chloroform-methanol mixed solution was replaced with petroleum ether in an equal amount.
Preparation example 5
This preparation example provides a fermented fat source, which was the same as in preparation example 1 except that the chloroform-methanol mixed solution was replaced with the same amount of acetone.
Preparation example 6
This preparation example provides a fermented fat source, which was the same as in preparation example 1 except that the chloroform-methanol mixed solution was replaced with an equal amount of chloroform-ethanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solution.
Preparation example 7
This preparation example provides a fermented fat source, which was the same as in preparation example 1 except that the chloroform-methanol mixed solution was replaced with an equal amount of acetone-methanol (volume ratio 1:1) mixed solution.
Preparation example 8
The preparation example provides a fermented fat source, and the preparation method is consistent with the preparation example 1 except that the extraction temperature is 50 ℃ and the extraction time is 1.5h each time.
Preparation example 9
The preparation example provides a fermented fat source, and the preparation method is consistent with the preparation example 1 except that the extraction temperature is 60 ℃ and the extraction time is 0.5h each time.
Preparation example 10
The preparation example provides an antioxidant, and the preparation raw materials and the proportion (by weight) are as follows:
25 parts of ethoxyquinoline, 25 parts of dibutyl hydroxy toluene, 7 parts of butyl hydroxy anisol, 7 parts of tert-butyl hydroquinone, 3 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of phosphoric acid, 3 parts of monoglyceride and 3 parts of sucrose ester.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating dibutyl hydroxy toluene, butyl hydroxy anisole and tert-butyl hydroquinone to 60 ℃, dissolving in ethoxyquinoline, mixing with citric acid, phosphoric acid, monoglyceride and sucrose ester, and homogenizing to obtain the antioxidant.
The antioxidants used in the following examples and comparative examples were from this preparation.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fermented fat source, 35 parts of beer yeast, 5 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester and 30 parts of corn flour, wherein the fermented fat source is provided by preparation example 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating a fermented fat source to 50 ℃ for dissolution, adding sucrose fatty acid ester and an antioxidant for dissolution and mixing, and then carrying out preliminary homogeneous emulsification at the pressure of 20MPa and the rotation speed of 2500 rpm; carrying out high-speed shearing, homogenizing and emulsifying on the preliminarily homogenized and emulsified emulsion at the pressure of 0.5MPa and the rotating speed of 10000 rpm;
mixing and adsorbing the emulsion with beer yeast and corn flour by a spray mixer to prepare solid powder, wherein the pressure is 10MPa, and the spraying speed is 20 liters/minute; cooling and packaging to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of fermented fat source, 40 parts of spirulina, 3 parts of antioxidant, 7 parts of glyceryl monostearate and 25 parts of bran cake powder, which are provided in preparation example 2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating the fermented fat source to 40 ℃ for dissolving, adding glyceryl monostearate and antioxidant for dissolving and mixing, and then carrying out preliminary homogeneous emulsification, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the rotating speed is 2500 rpm; carrying out high-speed shearing, homogenizing and emulsifying on the preliminarily homogenized and emulsified emulsion at the pressure of 0.5MPa and the rotating speed of 10000 rpm;
mixing the emulsion with spirulina and bran cake powder by a spray mixer, and adsorbing to obtain solid powder with pressure of 10MPa and spraying speed of 20L/min; cooling and packaging to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of fermented fat source, 30 parts of petroleum yeast, 7 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of glyceryl monostearate and 35 parts of wheat bran, which are provided in preparation example 3.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
heating the fermented fat source to 60 ℃ for dissolving, adding glyceryl monostearate and antioxidant for dissolving and mixing, and then carrying out preliminary homogeneous emulsification, wherein the pressure is 20MPa, and the rotating speed is 2500 rpm; carrying out high-speed shearing, homogenizing and emulsifying on the preliminarily homogenized and emulsified emulsion at the pressure of 0.5MPa and the rotating speed of 10000 rpm;
mixing the emulsion with petroleum yeast and wheat bran by a spray mixer, and adsorbing to obtain solid powder, wherein the pressure is 10MPa, and the spray speed is 20L/min; cooling and packaging to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
Examples 4 to 9
Examples 4 to 9 each provide a fermented fat source feed material having the same composition as in example 1 except that the fermented fat source provided in preparation example 1 was replaced with the same amount of the fermented fat source provided in preparation examples 4 to 9.
The preparation process is referred to example 1.
Example 10
This example provides a fermented fat-derived feed material having a composition identical to that of example 1 except that brewer's yeast was replaced with an equal amount of spirulina.
The preparation process is referred to example 1.
Example 11
This example provides a fermented fat-derived feed material, the composition of which is the same as that of example 1 except that brewer's yeast is replaced with petroleum yeast in an equal amount.
The preparation process is referred to example 1.
Example 12
This example provides a fermented fat-derived feed material, the composition of which is identical to that of example 1 except that brewer's yeast is replaced with an equivalent amount of marine yeast.
The preparation process is referred to example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fermented fat source, 55 parts of beer yeast, 0.5 part of antioxidant, 13 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester and 10 parts of corn flour, which are provided in preparation example 1.
The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a fermented fat source feed raw material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of fermentation fat source, 15 parts of beer yeast, 13 parts of antioxidant, 0.5 part of sucrose fatty acid ester and 50 parts of corn flour, which are provided by preparation example 1.
The preparation process was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a fermented fat source feed material having a composition identical to that of example 1 except that it does not contain a fermented fat source and a reduced portion is distributed to brewer's yeast.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
dissolving and mixing sucrose fatty acid ester and antioxidant, and performing preliminary homogenizing and emulsifying at 20MPa and 2500 rpm; carrying out high-speed shearing, homogenizing and emulsifying on the preliminarily homogenized and emulsified emulsion at the pressure of 0.5MPa and the rotating speed of 10000 rpm;
mixing and adsorbing the emulsion with beer yeast and corn flour by a spray mixer to prepare solid powder, wherein the pressure is 10MPa, and the spraying speed is 20 liters/minute; cooling and packaging to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a fermented fat source feed material having a composition in accordance with example 1 except that it does not contain brewer's yeast and a reduced portion is allocated to the fermented fat source.
The preparation process is referred to example 1.
Comparative example 5
Some commercially available fish meal.
Testing the growth influence of the prawns:
taking 1700 litopenaeus vannamei boone with the initial weight of 0.55 +/-0.03 g, randomly and averagely dividing into 17 groups, feeding 100 tails in each group with the following feed components (in percentage by mass): 5% of shrimp shell powder, 6% of cuttlefish powder, 12% of peanut bran, 20.2% of high gluten flour, 1.6% of fish oil, 1.5% of phospholipid oil, 0.23% of choline chloride, 0.1% of VC, 0.05% of VE, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of salt, 0.2% of prawn multivitamin, 1% of prawn polymineral, 0.02% of antioxidant, 0.1% of mildew preventive, 0.3% of sodium alginate and 50% of fermented fat source feed raw material. Wherein the fermented fat source feed raw materials in the feeds fed by different groups are the fermented fat source feed raw materials and fish meal provided in examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-5, respectively. Feed 4 times daily for 49 days. Observing and recording the calculated survival rate, weight gain rate and bait coefficient, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
survival rate (%) (total number of test end prawns/total number of test initial prawns) × 100;
the weight gain (%) (final weight-initial weight/initial weight) x 100;
the bait coefficient is equal to the average food intake/(the average weight at the end of the test-the initial average weight at the beginning of the test).
The results are as follows:
| group of | Survival rate (%) | Weight gain (%) | Coefficient of bait |
| Example 1 | 76 | 205.85 | 2.90 |
| Example 2 | 74 | 200.26 | 3.16 |
| Example 3 | 73 | 197.45 | 3.25 |
| Example 4 | 71 | 192.36 | 3.34 |
| Example 5 | 72 | 184.25 | 3.41 |
| Example 6 | 69 | 172.45 | 3.52 |
| Example 7 | 72 | 194.38 | 3.48 |
| Example 8 | 70 | 165.82 | 3.73 |
| Example 9 | 71 | 169.75 | 3.33 |
| Example 10 | 75 | 204.93 | 3.13 |
| Example 11 | 68 | 190.45 | 3.19 |
| Example 12 | 68 | 202.14 | 3.18 |
| Comparative example 1 | 67 | 150.27 | 3.78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 67 | 149.29 | 3.80 |
| Comparative example 3 | 66 | 140.58 | 3.82 |
| Comparative example 4 | 65 | 139.25 | 3.85 |
| Comparative example 5 | 64 | 126.75 | 3.86 |
The results show that the fermented fat source feed raw material provided by the invention can improve the growth performance of aquatic products and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products; comparing example 1 with examples 4-9, it can be seen that the aquacultural growth performance, survival rate and weight gain rate are further improved within the preferred solvent and extraction conditions of the present invention; comparing examples 1, 11-12, it can be seen that the aquacultural growth performance, survival rate and weight gain rate are further improved within the preferred protein source range of the present invention; compared with the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 3-4, the invention can find that the growth performance, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the aquatic products are obviously improved through the synergistic effect of the compounding of the fermented fat source and the protein source.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples of the fermented fat-derived feed material of the present invention and the preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must be implemented by means of the above examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (10)
1. The fermented fat source feed raw material is characterized by comprising, by weight, 10-30 parts of a fermented fat source, 20-45 parts of a protein source, 1-10 parts of an antioxidant, 1-10 parts of an emulsifier and 20-40 parts of a carrier.
2. The fermented fat source feed stuff according to claim 1, wherein the fermented fat source feed stuff comprises 15-25 parts of fermented fat source, 30-40 parts of protein source, 3-7 parts of antioxidant, 3-7 parts of emulsifier and 25-35 parts of carrier in parts by weight.
3. The fermented fat source feed stuff according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermented fat source is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) fermenting schizochytrium limacinum, and centrifuging the fermentation liquor to obtain wet thalli;
(2) and (2) mixing the wet thalli obtained in the step (1) with acid, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, mixing with a solvent, extracting, and performing desolventizing to obtain the fermented fat source.
4. The fermented fat-source feed material according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the fermentation in step (1) is 26-30 ℃ for 70-74h, the fermentation is performed under stirring at a stirring rate of 50-100 r/min;
preferably, the acid in step (2) comprises any one of hydrochloric acid, malic acid or citric acid;
preferably, the concentration of the acid is 3.5-4.5 mol/L;
preferably, the mass-volume ratio of the wet thallus to the acid is 1:18-1:22 kg/L.
5. The fermented fat-source feed stock according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the solvent of step (2) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone, methanol or ethanol, preferably a combination of chloroform and methanol;
preferably, the mass-volume ratio of the wet bacteria to the solvent is 1:18-1:22 kg/L;
preferably, the temperature of the extraction is 53-57 ℃, the extraction times are at least 3 times, and the time of each extraction is 0.8-1.2 h.
6. The fermented fat-source feed stock according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the protein source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of brewer's yeast, petroleum yeast, marine yeast, feed yeast, spirulina or fermented plant protein, preferably brewer's yeast and/or spirulina.
7. The fermented fat-source feed ingredient according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the antioxidant comprises 5 to 50 parts by weight of ethoxyquinoline, 5 to 50 parts by weight of dibutylhydroxytoluene, 5 to 10 parts by weight of butylhydroxyanisole, 5 to 10 parts by weight of tert-butylhydroquinone, 1 to 5 parts by weight of citric acid, 1 to 5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, 5 to 10 parts by weight of monoglyceride, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of sucrose ester;
preferably, the antioxidant is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: heating and dissolving dibutyl hydroxy toluene, butyl hydroxy anisole and tert-butyl hydroquinone in ethoxyquinoline, and then mixing and homogenizing with citric acid, phosphoric acid, monoglyceride and sucrose ester to obtain the antioxidant;
preferably, the emulsifier comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sucrose fatty acid ester, lipotropism factor, glycerin monostearate or bile acid salt;
preferably, the carrier comprises any one of corn flour, bran cake flour, rice hull flour, wheat middling or wheat bran or a combination of at least two of the corn flour, the bran cake flour, the rice hull flour, the wheat bran or the wheat bran.
8. A method of preparing a fermented fat-derived feed stuff according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
heating and dissolving the fermented fat source, mixing the fermented fat source with an emulsifier and an antioxidant for homogenization, and mixing the homogenized mixture with a protein source and a carrier for adsorption to obtain the fermented fat source feed raw material.
9. The method of preparing a fermented fat-derived feed material according to claim 8, wherein the heating temperature is 40-60 ℃.
10. Use of a fermented fat-derived feed material according to any one of claims 1-7 for the preparation of an aquaculture feed.
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