CN117016698A - Functional feed for micropterus salmoides and application thereof - Google Patents
Functional feed for micropterus salmoides and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117016698A CN117016698A CN202311128221.2A CN202311128221A CN117016698A CN 117016698 A CN117016698 A CN 117016698A CN 202311128221 A CN202311128221 A CN 202311128221A CN 117016698 A CN117016698 A CN 117016698A
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- parts
- vitamin
- meal
- functional feed
- feed
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- 241001125889 Micropterus salmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMDJVOZETBHEAR-LQYWTLTGSA-N vitamin D5 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C RMDJVOZETBHEAR-LQYWTLTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012711 vitamin K3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011652 vitamin K3 Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a functional feed for micropterus salmoides and application thereof, which is prepared by mixing, by weight, 45-55 parts of fish meal, 2-10 parts of flour, 2-10 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of bean pulp, 5-15 parts of beer yeast, 5-15 parts of chicken meal, 5-10 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-1 part of chestnut bud extract. The invention can promote the intestinal health and growth of the largehead jewfish, maintain the organism steady state, effectively resist the infection of aeromonas hydrophila, and further improve the survival rate and yield of the largehead jewfish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a functional feed for micropterus salmoides and application thereof.
Background
The largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous warm water fish which is introduced into China in the beginning of the 80 th century, and has high economic value due to the characteristics of high growth speed, strong adaptability, rich meat quality and the like, so that the largemouth black bass is one of the most important economic fishes in China. In the aspect of consumption, the largemouth bass is popular in families and catering industries, and is now becoming an upgrade substitute for grass carp.
However, the disease problem of micropterus salmoides under intensive cultivation severely limits the development of the industry. In summer, the temperature is increased to be a season in which fish grows faster, but also a season in which bacteria grow rapidly, bacterial infection often causes diseases such as bleeding disease, gill rot disease, enteritis, white skin disease, printing disease, rotten body and the like of the larch, and enteritis can be prevented in a plurality of diseases through culture management and nutrition strategies. However, the functional feed for intestinal health of the micropterus salmoides on the market is fresh, so that the intestinal inflammation of the micropterus salmoides is easy to frequently occur under high-density large-scale cultivation in summer at present, and the death rate of cultivation is high, which causes a bottleneck for the development of the micropterus salmoides cultivation industry.
In the prior art, CN115024437A discloses a largemouth black chestnut tannin feed, and the main purpose of the technical scheme is to save protein sources and improve the utilization of protein and lipid. However, the feed not only needs to meet the growth requirement of the cultured fish, but also needs to supply targeted nutrition according to the living environment and physiological state of the fish, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved, meanwhile, the physiological state of the cultured animal is concerned, and the corresponding functional feed is developed targeted to promote the healthy growth of the cultured animal, and the survival rate and economic benefit are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a functional feed for micropterus salmoides.
The invention also aims at providing a preparation method of the functional feed for the micropterus salmoides.
The invention further aims at providing an application of the chestnut bud extract in preparing functional feed for micropterus salmoides.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the functional feed for the largemouth bass is prepared by mixing, by weight, 45-55 parts of fish meal, 2-10 parts of flour, 2-10 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of beer yeast, 5-15 parts of chicken meal, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-1 part of chestnut bud extract,
the preparation method of the chestnut bud extract comprises the following steps: washing semen Castaneae bud raw material dried in shade until water content is 13-14%, removing impurities, pulverizing to 3-5mm, adding water, dispersing, extracting in 78-82 deg.C water bath for 0.8-1.2 hr, filtering to obtain extractive solution, cooling, standing to obtain supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and lyophilizing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed is prepared by mixing 48-53 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of flour, 3-7 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 6-11 parts of chicken meal, 6-9 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.5 part of chestnut bud extract according to parts by weight.
Further preferably, the feed is prepared by mixing, by weight, 49-51 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of soybean meal, 7-10 parts of beer yeast, 8-11 parts of chicken meal, 7-9 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.2 part of chestnut bud extract.
Still more preferably, the formula of the compound premix is: the functional feed consists of, per 1kg of the functional feed for micropterus salmoides, 10-11mg of vitamin B, 8-9mg of riboflavin, 10-11mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2-0.3mg of vitamin B, 10-11mg of vitamin K, 100-110mg of inositol, 20-22mg of calcium pantothenate, 50-52mg of nicotinic acid, 2-3mg of folic acid, 2-3mg of biotin, 400-420-mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin A, 5-6mg of vitamin D, 100-120-mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin E, 150-160mg of ethoxyquinoline, 0.13-0.14g of secondary powder, 200-220mg of potassium chloride, 60-65mg of potassium iodide, 100-110mg of cobalt sulfate, 24-26mg of copper sulfate, 400-420mg of ferrous sulfate, 170-175mg of zinc sulfate, 75-80mg of manganese sulfate, 800-820mg of magnesium sulfate, 5-52mg of sodium selenite and 3.0-3.5g of zeolite powder.
The preparation method of the functional feed for the largemouth bass comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing fish meal, flour, corn starch, bean pulp, beer yeast, chicken meal, fermented bean pulp and monocalcium phosphate, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A; adding compound premix, choline chloride, vitamin C and chestnut bud extract into the mixture A, fully mixing, and performing superfine grinding to obtain a mixture B;
(2) Adding lecithin and 2-10% of mixed fish oil into the mixture B, fully stirring and mixing, then adding water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) Preparing the mixture C into puffed particles after quenching and tempering, drying, performing vacuum oil spraying at 60-70 ℃ by using the residual mixed fish oil, and cooling and sieving to obtain the functional feed for the micropterus salmoides.
The application of the chestnut bud extract in preparing the functional feed of the largemouth black bass comprises the following steps: washing semen Castaneae bud raw material dried in shade until water content is 13-14%, removing impurities, pulverizing to 3-5mm, adding water, dispersing, extracting in 78-82 deg.C water bath for 0.8-1.2 hr, filtering to obtain extractive solution, cooling, standing to obtain supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and lyophilizing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional feed for micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing, by weight, 45-55 parts of fish meal, 2-10 parts of flour, 2-10 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of brewer's yeast, 5-15 parts of chicken meal, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-1 part of chestnut bud extract.
Further preferably, the functional feed for the largemouth bass is prepared by mixing 48-53 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of flour, 3-7 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 6-11 parts of chicken powder, 6-9 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.5 part of chestnut bud extract according to parts by weight.
Still more preferably, the functional feed for micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing, by weight, 49-51 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of soybean meal, 7-10 parts of beer yeast, 8-11 parts of chicken meal, 7-9 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.2 part of chestnut bud extract.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each 1kg of the functional feed for micropterus salmoides comprises vitamin B1-11 mg, riboflavin 8-9mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 10-11mg, vitamin B12.2-0.3 mg, vitamin K3-11 mg, inositol 100-110mg, calcium pantothenate 20-22mg, nicotinic acid 50-52mg, folic acid 2-3mg, biotin 2-3mg, vitamin A400-420mg of 50 ten thousand IU, vitamin D5-6 mg, vitamin E100-120 mg of 50 ten thousand IU, ethoxyquinoline 150-160mg, secondary powder 0.13-0.14g, potassium chloride 200-220mg, potassium iodide 60-65mg, cobalt sulfate 100-110mg, copper sulfate 24-26mg, ferrous sulfate 400-420mg, zinc sulfate 170-175mg, manganese sulfate 75-80mg, magnesium sulfate 800-820mg, sodium selenite 5-52mg and zeolite 3.0-3.5 g.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention uses non-transgenic products with high freshness as raw materials, has reasonable animal and plant protein proportion, strictly controls the moisture, heavy metal and aspergillus flavus content of the feed, and ensures the health and safety of food sources.
2. The chestnut bud extract is added, and because the rich tannic acid, gallic acid and ellagic acid have a large number of ortho-position phenolic hydroxyl structures, the chestnut bud extract has a strong effect of scavenging superoxide radicals in organisms, can efficiently scavenge hydroxyl radicals, superoxide ion radicals and the like, and has strong antioxidant capacity; the chestnut bud extract also has the effects of promoting the secretion and convergence of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tracts of the cultured animals, on one hand, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, and on the other hand, relieving the inflammation in the intestinal tracts of the animals, so that the chestnut bud extract has the effects of promoting the growth and health of the bodies of the cultured animals.
3. The invention can promote the intestinal health and growth of the largehead jewfish, maintain the organism steady state, effectively resist the infection of aeromonas hydrophila, and further improve the survival rate and yield of the largehead jewfish.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on the survival rate of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on the weight gain rate of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on the feed coefficient of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on intestinal trypsin of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on apparent digestibility of crude protein of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on the intestinal malondialdehyde of micropterus salmoides.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example in example 4 of the present invention on the cumulative survival rate within 96 hours after the offending of the jewfish.
Detailed Description
The following further describes and illustrates the technical solution of the present invention by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
The preparation method of the chestnut bud extract in the following examples comprises the following steps: drying in the shade to 80g of chestnut bud raw material with water content of 13.2%, washing with water, removing impurities and silt, draining residual water, and pulverizing to 3-5mm. Adding 500mL of pure water, extracting in water bath at 80deg.C for 1 hr, filtering the extractive solution, performing solid-liquid separation, repeating the extraction twice, discarding the residue, and mixing the extractive solutions. The filtrate was allowed to cool, stand overnight for sedimentation, the precipitate was discarded, and the supernatant was retained. Concentrating the supernatant at 60deg.C under reduced pressure to one fourth of the original volume, and lyophilizing to obtain semen Castaneae bud extract 16.2g.
The formulation of the compound premix in the following examples 1 to 3 and comparative example is: 10mg of vitamin B is contained per 1kg of feed; 8mg of riboflavin; pyridoxine hydrochloride 10mg; vitamin B12.2 mg; vitamin K3 10mg; inositol 100mg; 20mg of calcium pantothenate; nicotinic acid 50mg; folic acid 2mg; biotin 2mg; vitamin A (50 ten thousand IU) 400mg; vitamin D5 mg; vitamin E (50 ten thousand IU) 100mg; 150mg of ethoxyquinoline; 0.1328g of secondary powder; 200mg of potassium chloride; 60mg of potassium iodide; 100mg of cobalt sulfate; 24mg of copper sulfate; 400mg of ferrous sulfate; 174mg of zinc sulfate; 78mg of manganese sulfate; 800mg of magnesium sulfate; 50mg of sodium selenite; 3.114g of zeolite powder.
The following examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples were prepared by the following method comprising the steps of:
(1) Pulverizing fish meal, flour, corn starch, bean pulp, beer yeast, chicken meal, fermented bean pulp and monocalcium phosphate, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A; adding compound premix, choline chloride, vitamin C and chestnut bud extract into the mixture A, fully mixing, and performing superfine grinding to obtain a mixture B;
(2) Adding lecithin and 2-10% of mixed fish oil into the mixture B, fully stirring and mixing, then adding water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) Preparing the mixture C into puffed particles after quenching and tempering, drying, performing vacuum oil spraying at 60-70 ℃ by using the rest of mixed fish oil, cooling and sieving to obtain the finished product.
Comparative example
The compound feed for the micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight according to the preparation method: 50 parts of imported fish meal, 5 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of bean pulp, 9 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0 part of chestnut bud extract.
In the compound feed for the largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.98 percent, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.96 percent.
Example 1
The functional feed for the micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight according to the preparation method: 50 parts of imported fish meal, 5 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of bean pulp, 9 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05 part of chestnut bud extract.
In the functional feed for the largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.95 percent, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.95 percent.
Example 2
The functional feed for the micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight according to the preparation method: 50 parts of imported fish meal, 5 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of bean pulp, 9 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.1 part of chestnut bud extract.
In the functional feed for the largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.93 percent, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.95 percent.
Example 3
The functional feed for the micropterus salmoides is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight according to the preparation method: 50 parts of imported fish meal, 5 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of bean pulp, 9 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.15 part of chestnut bud extract.
In the functional feed for the largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.90 percent, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 10.94 percent.
Example 4 cultivation test:
the functional feed for micropterus salmoides obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the feed prepared in comparative example were fed at daily timing (8:00 and 19:00) with micropterus salmoides 42d having an initial weight of about 5.99g, the daily water change amount was varied from one fourth to one third during the experiment, and after 42d, the aeromonas hydrophila challenge was performed to collect samples before and after the challenge.
Survival (%) = final fish tail/initial tail x 100
Weight gain (%) = (total weight of final fish-total weight of initial fish)/total weight of initial fish×100
Feed coefficient = total amount of feed ingested/(total weight of final fish-total weight of initial fish)
The experimental results of this example are shown in fig. 1 to 7.
As can be seen from the cultivation results (FIGS. 1 to 3) of the comparative examples and examples 1 to 3, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the micropterus salmoides fed with the feed of example 3 are both significantly improved (P < 0.05) and the feed coefficient is significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared with the comparative example. The feed of example 3 is shown to improve the survival rate and growth of micropterus salmoides.
The digestibility of the feed is related to the secretion of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass, and trypsin is proteolytic enzyme in the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass, and the trypsin also supports the immune function and helps to reduce inflammation. The results in fig. 4 and 5 show that, compared with the comparative example, the intestinal trypsin content and apparent digestibility of crude protein of the micropterus salmoides fed with the feed of example 3 are both significantly higher than those of the comparative example (P < 0.05), which indicates that the feed of example 3 can improve secretion of intestinal trypsin of the micropterus salmoides, promote digestion and absorption of crude protein of the feed, and not only improve utilization rate of protein in the feed, but also reduce emission of nitrogen in water.
When the fish intestinal tract is stressed, a large amount of superoxide radicals can be generated to cause peroxidation of membrane lipid, however, the peroxidation of the membrane lipid is an important sign of damage of cell membranes, the reaction product is malondialdehyde, and excessive malondialdehyde accumulated in the intestinal tract can cause cross-linking polymerization of macromolecules such as proteins, so that the structure of the cell membranes is changed, the permeability of the intestinal tract is reduced, and the barrier function of the intestinal tract is damaged. The results in fig. 6 show that the malondialdehyde content in the intestinal tracts of the largemouth bass in example 2 and example 3 is significantly lower than that in the comparative example (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde content in the intestinal tracts of the largemouth bass decreases with the increase of the addition level of the chestnut bud extract in the feed, compared with the comparative example. The chestnut bud extract can relieve the peroxidation degree of membrane lipid in the intestinal tract of the largehead jewfish and promote the intestinal health of the largehead jewfish.
The results in FIG. 7 show that no death occurred in each group of micropterus salmoides 24 hours after the aeromonas hydrophila challenge; the largehead jewfish of each example still does not die after being detoxified for 48 hours, and the cumulative survival rate of the largehead jewfish in the comparative example is 100 percent; the largemouth bass in the example 2 and the example 3 still does not die after 72 hours of toxicity attack; the cumulative survival rate for each group was example 3> example 2> example 1> comparative example, at 96h challenge. The method shows that adding a proper amount of the chestnut bud extract into the feed can improve the capability of the body of the micropterus salmoides for resisting the aeromonas hydrophila, improve the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides, and the cumulative survival rate of the micropterus salmoides in the invention is increased along with the improvement of the addition level of the chestnut bud extract in the feed.
In conclusion, the functional feed capable of promoting intestinal health of the micropterus salmoides, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that after 42d of cultivation of the micropterus salmoides, the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the micropterus salmoides are improved in the embodiment 3, meanwhile, the feed coefficient is reduced, and the cultivation benefit is increased; by analyzing the trypsin content of the intestinal canal of the largehead jewfish and the apparent digestibility of the crude feed protein, the invention enhances the absorption of the largehead jewfish to the protein in the feed, improves the utilization rate of the crude feed protein, can reduce the nitrogen emission in the culture water body, and has the best effect of the embodiment 3; through analysis of the malondialdehyde content in the intestinal canal of the largehead jewfish, the malondialdehyde content in the intestinal canal of the largehead jewfish can be effectively reduced, the membrane lipid oxidation reaction of the intestinal canal is reduced, and the intestinal canal health is promoted; through an acute toxicity attack experiment, the accumulated survival rate of the largehead jewfish in the experiment process of the invention rises along with the increase of the addition level of the chestnut bud extract in the feed, so that compared with each group, the largehead jewfish in the embodiment 3 has the strongest capability of resisting aeromonas hydrophila.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not to be limited to the details of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A functional feed for micropterus salmoides is characterized in that: the feed is prepared by mixing, by weight, 45-55 parts of fish meal, 2-10 parts of flour, 2-10 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of beer yeast, 5-15 parts of chicken meal, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-1 part of chestnut bud extract,
the preparation method of the chestnut bud extract comprises the following steps: washing semen Castaneae bud raw material dried in shade until water content is 13-14%, removing impurities, pulverizing to 3-5mm, adding water, dispersing, extracting in 78-82 deg.C water bath for 0.8-1.2 hr, filtering to obtain extractive solution, cooling, standing to obtain supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and lyophilizing.
2. The functional feed for micropterus salmoides of claim 1, wherein: the feed is prepared by mixing, by weight, 48-53 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of flour, 3-7 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 6-11 parts of chicken meal, 6-9 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.5 part of chestnut bud extract.
3. The functional feed for micropterus salmoides of claim 2, wherein: the feed is prepared by mixing, by weight, 49-51 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of soybean meal, 7-10 parts of beer yeast, 8-11 parts of chicken meal, 7-9 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.2 part of chestnut bud extract.
4. A functional feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the formula of the compound premix is as follows: the functional feed consists of, per 1kg of the functional feed for micropterus salmoides, 10-11mg of vitamin B, 8-9mg of riboflavin, 10-11mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2-0.3mg of vitamin B, 10-11mg of vitamin K, 100-110mg of inositol, 20-22mg of calcium pantothenate, 50-52mg of nicotinic acid, 2-3mg of folic acid, 2-3mg of biotin, 400-420-mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin A, 5-6mg of vitamin D, 100-120-mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin E, 150-160mg of ethoxyquinoline, 0.13-0.14g of secondary powder, 200-220mg of potassium chloride, 60-65mg of potassium iodide, 100-110mg of cobalt sulfate, 24-26mg of copper sulfate, 400-420mg of ferrous sulfate, 170-175mg of zinc sulfate, 75-80mg of manganese sulfate, 800-820mg of magnesium sulfate, 5-52mg of sodium selenite and 3.0-3.5g of zeolite powder.
5. A method for preparing the functional feed for micropterus salmoides according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pulverizing fish meal, flour, corn starch, bean pulp, beer yeast, chicken meal, fermented bean pulp and monocalcium phosphate, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture A; adding compound premix, choline chloride, vitamin C and chestnut bud extract into the mixture A, fully mixing, and performing superfine grinding to obtain a mixture B;
(2) Adding lecithin and 2-10% of mixed fish oil into the mixture B, fully stirring and mixing, then adding water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture C;
(3) Preparing the mixture C into puffed particles after quenching and tempering, drying, performing vacuum oil spraying at 60-70 ℃ by using the residual mixed fish oil, and cooling and sieving to obtain the functional feed for the micropterus salmoides.
6. The application of the chestnut bud extract in preparing the functional feed of the largemouth black bass is characterized in that: the preparation method of the chestnut bud extract comprises the following steps: washing semen Castaneae bud raw material dried in shade until water content is 13-14%, removing impurities, pulverizing to 3-5mm, adding water, dispersing, extracting in 78-82 deg.C water bath for 0.8-1.2 hr, filtering to obtain extractive solution, cooling, standing to obtain supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure, and lyophilizing.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein: the functional feed for the largemouth bass is prepared by mixing, by weight, 45-55 parts of fish meal, 2-10 parts of flour, 2-10 parts of corn starch, 2-10 parts of bean pulp, 5-15 parts of beer yeast, 5-15 parts of chicken meal, 5-10 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-1 part of chestnut bud extract.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein: the functional feed for the largemouth bass is prepared by mixing 48-53 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of flour, 3-7 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 6-11 parts of chicken meal, 6-9 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.5 part of chestnut bud extract according to parts by weight.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein: the functional feed for the largemouth bass is prepared by mixing, by weight, 49-51 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of corn starch, 4-6 parts of bean pulp, 7-10 parts of beer yeast, 8-11 parts of chicken meal, 7-9 parts of fermented bean pulp, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1.45 parts of compound premix, 0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 4 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.05-0.2 part of chestnut bud extract.
10. The use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein: the formula of the compound premix is as follows: the functional feed consists of, per 1kg of the functional feed for micropterus salmoides, 10-11mg of vitamin B, 8-9mg of riboflavin, 10-11mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.2-0.3mg of vitamin B, 10-11mg of vitamin K, 100-110mg of inositol, 20-22mg of calcium pantothenate, 50-52mg of nicotinic acid, 2-3mg of folic acid, 2-3mg of biotin, 400-420mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin A, 5-6mg of vitamin D, 100-120 mg of 50 ten thousand IU of vitamin E, 150-160mg of ethoxyquinoline, 0.13-0.14g of secondary powder, 200-220mg of potassium chloride, 60-65mg of potassium iodide, 100-110mg of cobalt sulfate, 24-26mg of copper sulfate, 400-420mg of ferrous sulfate, 170-175mg of zinc sulfate, 75-80mg of manganese sulfate, 800-820mg of magnesium sulfate, 5-52mg of sodium selenite and 3.0-3.5g of zeolite powder.
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