CN113099806A - Potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer suitable dosage of slightly acidic loam under rain-fed condition and applying device - Google Patents
Potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer suitable dosage of slightly acidic loam under rain-fed condition and applying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099806A CN113099806A CN202110409931.7A CN202110409931A CN113099806A CN 113099806 A CN113099806 A CN 113099806A CN 202110409931 A CN202110409931 A CN 202110409931A CN 113099806 A CN113099806 A CN 113099806A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 348
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/02—Fertiliser distributors for hand use
Abstract
Suitable quantity of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of subacid loam under the rain condition and apply the device, it is resources and environmental technology field, characterized in that: the fertilizer outlet tip cone (1) of the applying device is conical, a cylindrical lifting rod head blocking cavity (9) is arranged on the bottom circle, a lifting rod head (10) is contained in the cylindrical lifting rod head blocking cavity, a fertilizer guide pipe (15) is a pipeline which is arranged in the fertilizing column (2) in parallel with a movable rod fixing hole (4) and a lifting rod head movable cavity (8), a cavity in the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is a fertilizer guide pipe cavity (14), the diameter of the circular cross section at the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the diameter of the circular cross section at the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is 0.5-2 cm; the potato in slightly acidic loam under the rain-fed condition is applied by 100kg/hm2Under the condition of 350-450kg/hm2Calcium magnesium phosphate is suitable. The method is simple to operate and convenient to use, can quickly and accurately provide the maximum-effect calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer dosage for the potatoes, and can be used for machine-sowing and fertilizing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a proper dosage of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of slightly acidic loam under a rain-fed condition and an application device, belonging to the technical field of resources and environment.
Background
Phosphorus has the effect of promotingThe fertilizer has the function of the growth and development of underground organs of crops, so that most farmers apply a large amount of phosphate fertilizer to obtain high yield of the underground harvested organs in the production process of root tuber crops, and the phenomenon of soil available phosphorus enrichment is obviously caused in partial areas of China. The potatoes have rich nutrition, wide application and much higher yield and benefit than other field crops, so potato farmers put the potatoes into more houses and the potatoes P are cultivated in a rainy soil area2O5Recommended dosage of 50-120kg/hm2But some potato growers P2O5The dosage of the composition reaches 300-400 kg/hm2Although potatoes have high nutrient requirements, the application level of phosphate fertilizers of part of growers at present is far higher than the absorption capacity of the potatoes, the requirement and the absorption capacity of plants on phosphorus are far lower than that of nitrogen and potassium, and the application of excessive phosphate fertilizers can cause a large amount of residual phosphorus in soil, so that excessive phosphorus can not only cause water pollution through surface runoff, but also be combined with trace elements such as Fe, Zn and the like in the soil, the biological effectiveness of the trace elements is reduced, and the lack of the trace elements is induced to appear in the plants. In addition, excessive phosphorus uptake by plants can also enhance crop respiration and consume carbohydrates, resulting in crop losses. Therefore, the reasonable application of the phosphate fertilizer is one of the important measures for reducing the production cost, reducing the non-point source pollution caused by agricultural production, improving the planting benefit and maintaining the sustainability of the agricultural production. The content of available calcium and magnesium in acidified and acid soil is generally lower, microbial communities are changed, the abundance of pathogenic fungi is improved, and the abundance of beneficial bacteria and actinomycetes is reduced. Besides 12-18% of available phosphorus, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer also contains nutrients of calcium, magnesium and the like which are beneficial to plants, can adjust the pH value of soil and improve the salt base saturation of the soil. Therefore, compared with the monoammonium phosphate and the diammonium phosphate which are widely applied at present, the application of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the soil which is slightly acidified and tends to be acidified has obvious advantages for improving the soil and balancing the soil nutrients. However, how to apply the granular calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer and how many granular calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied per hectare are technical bottlenecks in production, so the calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer is processed into granules to be easy to roll off, and then the granules are added into a granular fertilizer box, and an application device with a fertilizer tip cone arranged at the lower end is usedThe potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applying device is inserted into soil, the lifting pull rod is lifted, and a certain amount of granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is released to a specified position according to the lifting height, so that the aim of exerting the fertilizer efficiency of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is fulfilled to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a proper amount of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in subacid soil under rain culture condition and an application device, wherein the proper amount of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in subacid soil under rain culture condition and the application device process the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into granules to make the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer easily roll down, then the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added into a granule containing fertilizer box, the application device with a fertilizer tip cone arranged at the lower end is inserted into soil, a lifting rod is pulled, and the quantitative granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is released to a specified position according to the lifting height, thereby achieving the purpose of exerting the fertilizer effect of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the maximum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a proper dosage of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of subacid loam under the rain-fed condition and an application device, wherein the application device consists of a fertilizer outlet pointed cone 1, a fertilizer application column 2, a handle 3, a lifting rod handle 5, a grain-containing fertilizer box 6, a lifting rod 7, a lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, a lifting rod head 10, a fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11, a fertilizer outlet hole 12 and a pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13, and is characterized in that: the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 is made of manganese steel and is conical, the diameter of the bottom circle of the cone is 2-5 cm, the height of the cone is 5-15 cm, a cylindrical lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 is arranged in the height direction of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 and perpendicular to the bottom circle of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1, the lower end of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 is opened on the side wall of the cone, a lifting rod head 10 is contained in the lifting rod head blocking cavity, and the diameter of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 is 0.5-2 cm; the upper surface of a lifting rod head 10 is circular, the upper half part of the lifting rod head is cylindrical, the diameter of a cylinder is 0.5-2 cm, the lower half part of the lifting rod head 10 is the part left after half of the cylinder is obliquely cut, an inclined plane formed by the lower half part is slightly bulged to form one part of the side surface of a fertilizer tip cone 1, the diameter of the cylinder where the lower half part of the lifting rod head 10 is located is 0.5-2 cm, the center of the upper surface of the lifting rod head 10 is connected with the lower end of a lifting rod 7 through a bolt structure, the lifting rod 7 penetrates through a lifting rod head movable cavity 8 and a movable rod fixing hole 4, the outer surface of the lifting rod head is fixed with a cylinder with the wall thickness of 1-5 mm through screws, the cylinder is called as a lifting rod mark 23, and; the fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11 is the wall of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 on the opposite side of the slightly bulging inclined surface of the lower half part of the lifting rod head 10, the center of the fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11 is provided with a fertilizer outlet hole 12, the fertilizer outlet hole 12 is in an oval shape, the long diameter of the oval is 0.8-3.6 cm, and the short diameter of the oval is 0.5-2 cm, so the fertilizer outlet hole 12 faces to the horizontal direction; the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is a cavity between the fertilizer outlet hole 12 and the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 and is communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14, the upper end opening of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is a round opening, the diameter of the round opening is 0.5-2 cm, and the lower end opening of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is the fertilizer outlet hole 12; the fertilization column 2 is made of manganese steel and is integrally cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 2-5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 50-100 cm, a movable rod fixing hole 4, a lifting rod head movable cavity 8 and a fertilizer guide pipe 15 are arranged in the height direction of the cylinder, a lifting rod 7 penetrates through the movable rod fixing hole 4 and the lifting rod head movable cavity 8, and the upper end of the lifting rod 7 is welded and fixed in the center of the side wall of a lifting rod handle 5; a handle 3 is fixed on the side wall of the upper end of the fertilization column 2, a granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16 is fixed on one side wall opposite to the handle 3, a granular fertilizer containing box support 18 is fixed on the top surface of the fertilization column 2, the fertilization column 2 is connected with the granular fertilizer containing box 6 through the granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16 and the granular fertilizer containing box support 18, and the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is communicated with the granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17; the fertilization column 2 comprises a movable rod fixing hole 4, a lifting rod head movable cavity 8, a fertilizer guide tube cavity 14, a fertilizer guide tube 15 and a lifting rod mark 23; the movable rod fixing hole 4 is a round hole above the lifting rod head movable cavity 8, the diameter of the round hole is 0.4-1.6 cm, and the height of the round hole is 2-5 cm; the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is the lower end surface of the movable rod fixing hole 4, namely the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is communicated with the movable rod fixing hole 4, the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is the upper end surface of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, namely the lower end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is communicated with the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, the cross section of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is circular, and the diameter of the circle is 0.5-2 cm; the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is a pipeline which is arranged in the fertilizing column 2 in parallel with the movable rod fixing hole 4 and the lifting rod head movable cavity 8, a cavity in the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is a fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14, the cross section of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is circular, the diameter of the circular cross section at the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the diameter of the circular cross section at the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is 0.5-2 cm.
The handle 3 is made of manganese steel, the cross section of the handle is circular, the diameter of the circular handle is 1-2 cm, one end of the handle 3 is fixedly welded at the upper end of the side wall of the fertilization column 2, then the handle extends downwards in an inclined mode and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the horizontal direction, the handle is bent and is smooth and free of edges, finally the other end of the handle 3 is fixedly welded on the side wall of the fertilization column 2, and the distance between the two ends of the handle 3 and the side wall of the fertilization column 2 is 10-20 cm; the lifting rod handle 5 is made of manganese steel and is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the height of the cylinder is 5-10 cm; the lifting rod 7 is a long rod which is made of manganese steel and is connected with a lifting rod head 10 and a lifting rod handle 5, the cross section of the lifting rod 7 is circular, the diameter of the circular is 0.3-1.5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 60-110 cm, a graduated scale is arranged in the height direction of the lifting rod 7, and the release amount of granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be controlled by controlling the height of the lifting rod 7.
The granular fertilizer containing box 6 is a container for containing granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, is cuboid, has the length of 10-50 cm, the width of 10-50 cm and the height of 10-60 cm, and consists of a granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16, a granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17, a granular fertilizer containing box bracket 18, a granular fertilizer flowing pipe opening 19, a granular fertilizer containing box wall 20, a granular fertilizer containing box cavity 21 and a granular fertilizer inlet 22; the grain fertilizer inlet 22 is arranged on the outer surface of the center of the upper bottom of the grain fertilizer containing box 6 and is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder is 3-5 cm, the wall of the cylinder is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the cylinder is 0.5-1 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 1-3 cm; the granule fertilizer box wall 20 is the wall of the granule fertilizer box 6, is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, has the thickness of 1-3 mm, the top wall is arranged in the horizontal direction, the four side walls are arranged in the vertical direction, but the bottom wall is concave, the lowest part of the concave surface is 1-5 cm away from the plane where the lower edge of the side wall is, the lowest part of the concave surface is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 0.3-1.5 cm, the round hole is called as a granule fertilizer pipe orifice 19, and the granule fertilizer pipe orifice 19 is an opening at the upper end of the granule fertilizer pipe 17; the grain fertilizer containing box cavity 21 is a cavity surrounded by the grain fertilizer containing box walls 20, the upper part of the grain fertilizer containing box cavity 21 is communicated with the grain fertilizer inlet 22, and the lower part is communicated with the grain fertilizer flowing pipe 17; the grain fertilizer flowing pipe 17 is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the pipe wall of the grain fertilizer flowing pipe 17 is 0.5-1 mm, the upper end of the grain fertilizer flowing pipe is communicated with the grain fertilizer containing box cavity 21, and the lower end of the grain fertilizer flowing pipe is communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe 15; 2 fertilizer containing box fixing frames 16 are arranged, each fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16 is made of manganese steel, the cross section of each fertilizer containing box fixing frame is circular, the diameter of each circular frame is 3-5 mm, the upper end of each fertilizer containing box fixing frame is welded and fixed on the bottom corner of the outer side of the fertilizer containing box support 18, and the lower end of each fertilizer containing box fixing frame is fixed on the side wall of the fertilizer application column 2; fertile case support 18 of flourishing grain is the manganese steel, be the cuboid, by 4 stands, 4 flat post are constituteed, 4 two liang of flat post link to each other the welding and form one by 1 interior limit, the square that 1 individual outside and 2 sides are constituteed, interior limit is the limit that is close to 2 central authorities 'axis of ordinates of fertilization post, interior limit central authorities lower surface welding is on 2 upper end top surfaces of fertilization post, the limit is the limit of keeping away from 2 central authorities' axis of ordinates of fertilization post, the upper end welding of outside both ends lower surface and the fertile case solid frame 16 of flourishing grain is in the same place, upper surface and stand lower extreme welding at four angles of square are in the same place, the stand upper end then welds 4 angle lower surfaces in the bottom of.
Under the condition of fertilizing by using the applying device and under the rain-culture condition, the subacid loam potato planting is carried out under the condition of 100kg/hm2Application of 350-450kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2Calcium magnesium phosphate is suitable.
The method has the advantages that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is processed into granules by the proper amount of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic loam under the rain-fed condition and the applying device, so that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is easy to roll down, then the granules are added into the granule-containing fertilizer box, the applying device with the fertilizer tip cone arranged at the lower end is inserted into the soil, the lifting rod is lifted, and the quantitative granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is released to a specified position according to the lifting height, so that the aim of exerting the fertilizer effect of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is fulfilled to the maximum extent. The method is simple to operate and convenient to use, can quickly and accurately provide the maximum-effect calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer dosage for the potatoes, and can be used for machine-sowing and fertilizing.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the proper dosage of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic loam under rain-fed conditions and the overall structure of an application device of the application device.
In the figure: 1. the fertilizer production equipment comprises a fertilizer outlet pointed cone, 2 parts of a fertilizer application column, 3 parts of a handle, 4 parts of a movable rod fixing hole, 5 parts of a lifting rod handle, 6 parts of a grain containing fertilizer box, 7 parts of a lifting rod, 8 parts of a lifting rod head movable cavity, 9 parts of a lifting rod head blocking cavity, 10 parts of a lifting rod head, 11 parts of a fertilizer outlet blocking surface, 12 parts of a fertilizer outlet hole, 13 parts of a pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe, 14 parts of a fertilizer guide pipe cavity, 15 parts of a fertilizer guide pipe, 16 parts of a grain containing fertilizer box fixing frame, 17 parts of a grain containing fertilizer pipe, 18 parts of a grain containing fertilizer box support, 19 parts of a grain containing fertilizer pipe opening, 20 parts of a grain containing fertilizer box wall, 21 parts of a grain containing fertilizer box cavity, 22 parts of a grain inlet fertilizer opening and 23 parts of a lifting rod.
FIG. 2 shows that the proper amount of the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic loam under the rain-fed condition and the amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer obtained by the experiment of 6, 12 and 6 months in 2017 by an applying device are 400kg/hm2The plant map of the growing period of (1).
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the appropriate dosage of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic loam under rain-fed conditions and tubers of 2017, 7 and 24 samples taken by an application device.
FIG. 4 is a tuber map of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer suitable dosage of slightly acidic loam under rain-fed conditions and each treatment obtained in experiment of 8, 3 and 8 months in 2019 by using a device.
FIG. 5 is a tuber map of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer suitable dosage of slightly acidic loam under rain-fed conditions and each treatment obtained in experiment of 8 month and 1 day in 2018 by using a device.
FIG. 6 shows the proper amount of the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in slightly acidic loam under the rain-fed condition and the amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer obtained by the experiment of 2017, 8, 15 days in the application device, of 400kg/hm2The whole plant with tubers of (1).
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
a potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applying device for micro-acid loam under the rain-fed condition is composed of a fertilizer outlet pointed cone 1, a fertilizer applying column 2, a handle 3, a movable rod fixing hole 4, a lifting rod handle 5, a grain-containing fertilizer box 6, a lifting rod 7, a lifting rod head movable cavity 8, a lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, a lifting rod head 10, a fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11, a fertilizer outlet hole 12, a pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13, a fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14, a fertilizer guide pipe 15, a grain-containing fertilizer box fixing frame 16, a grain-flowing fertilizer pipe 17, a grain-containing fertilizer box support 18, a grain-flowing fertilizer pipe opening 19, a grain-containing fertilizer box wall 20, a grain-containing fertilizer box cavity 21, a grain-inlet fertilizer opening 22 and a lifting rod stopper 23. The fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 is of a conical structure at the lower end of a potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applying device for slightly acidic loam under a rain-fed condition, the end part is sharp, so that the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applying device for slightly acidic loam under the whole rain-fed condition can be very easily pushed into soil so as to apply the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 is made of manganese steel and is conical, the diameter of the bottom circle of the cone is 2-5 cm, the height of the cone is 5-15 cm, a cylindrical pull rod head blocking cavity 9 is arranged vertically to the bottom circle of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 in the height direction of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1, the lower end of the pull rod head blocking cavity 9 is opened on the side wall of the cone, a pull rod head 10 is contained in the conical cavity, the diameter of the pull rod head blocking cavity 9 is 0.5-2 cm, when the lower surface of a pull rod stopper 23 is abutted against the upper surface of a fertilizer application column 2, the pull rod head 10 just exactly fills the whole pull rod head blocking cavity 9, and the exposed surface just forms a part of the side surface of the fertilizer outlet tip, therefore, the lifting rod head 10 is a cylindrical part as a whole; that is to say, the lifting rod head 10 is mainly characterized in that the lower surface is a part of the side surface of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1, the edge is elliptic, the long diameter of the ellipse is 1-4 cm, the short diameter is 0.5-2 cm, the upper surface of the lifting rod head 10 is circular, the upper half part is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.5-2 cm, the lower half part is the part left after half of the cylinder is obliquely cut, the inclined surface formed by the lower half part is slightly bulged to form a part of the side surface of the fertilizer outlet tip cone 1, the diameter of the cylinder where the lower half part is located is 0.5-2 cm, and the center of the upper surface of the lifting rod head 10 is connected with the lower end of the lifting rod 7 through a bolt structure; after the lifting rod 7 penetrates through the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 and the movable rod fixing hole 4, the outer surface is fixed with a cylinder with the wall thickness of 1-5 mm through a screw, the cylinder is called a lifting rod mark 23, the center of the side wall of the lifting rod mark 23 is provided with 1 fixing screw, the fixing screw is screwed, the lifting rod mark 23 can be tightly fixed on the lifting rod 7, the fixing screw is loosened, the lifting rod mark 23 can move up and down on the surface of the lifting rod 7, and the lifting rod mark 23 can prevent the lifting rod head 10 from sliding out of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 after the lifting rod 7 stretches downwards; the fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11 is the wall of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9 on the opposite side of the slightly bulging inclined surface of the lower half part of the lifting rod head 10, the center of the fertilizer outlet blocking surface 11 is provided with a fertilizer outlet hole 12, the fertilizer outlet hole 12 is in an oval shape, the long diameter of the oval is 0.8-3.6 cm, and the short diameter of the oval is 0.5-2 cm, so the fertilizer outlet hole 12 faces to the horizontal direction; the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is a cavity between the fertilizer outlet hole 12 and the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 and is communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14, the upper end opening of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is a round opening, the diameter of the round opening is 0.5-2 cm, the lower end opening of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is the fertilizer outlet hole 12, and the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is a pipe which releases granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer falling from the fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14 after the granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is lifted out of the fertilizer outlet hole 12 on the lifting rod head 10. The fertilization column 2 is a long round rod which is made of manganese steel and is connected with a fertilizer outlet tip cone 1 and a granular fertilizer containing box 6, the whole fertilization column is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 2-5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 50-100 cm, a movable rod fixing hole 4, a pull rod head movable cavity 8 and a fertilizer guide pipe 15 are arranged in the height direction of the cylinder, a pull rod 7 penetrates through the movable rod fixing hole 4 and the pull rod head movable cavity 8, and the upper end of the pull rod 7 is welded and fixed in the center of the side wall of a pull rod handle 5; a handle 3 is fixed on the side wall of the upper end of the fertilization column 2, a granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16 is fixed on one side wall opposite to the handle 3, a granular fertilizer containing box support 18 is fixed on the top surface of the fertilization column 2, the fertilization column 2 is connected with the granular fertilizer containing box 6 through the granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16 and the granular fertilizer containing box support 18, and the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is communicated with the granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17; the fertilization column 2 comprises a movable rod fixing hole 4, a lifting rod head movable cavity 8, a fertilizer guide tube cavity 14, a fertilizer guide tube 15 and a lifting rod mark 23. The movable rod fixing hole 4 is a round hole above the lifting rod head movable cavity 8, the diameter of the round hole is 0.4-1.6 cm, the height of the round hole is 2-5 cm, and the function of the movable rod fixing hole is to prevent the lifting rod head 10 from sliding out of the upper side of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8. The upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is the lower end face of the movable rod fixing hole 4, namely the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is communicated with the movable rod fixing hole 4, the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is the upper end face of the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, namely the lower end of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is communicated with the lifting rod head blocking cavity 9, the cross section of the lifting rod head movable cavity 8 is circular, and the diameter of the circle is 0.5-2 cm. The fertilizer guide pipe 15 is a pipeline which is arranged in the fertilizing column 2 in parallel with the movable rod fixed hole 4 and the lifting rod head movable cavity 8, a cavity in the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is a fertilizer guide pipe cavity 14, the cross section of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is circular, the diameter of the circular cross section at the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is 0.3-1.5 cm, the diameter of the circular cross section at the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe 15 is 0.5-2 cm, and the pipeline with the thin upper part and the thick lower part can more conveniently slide the granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The handle 3 is a structural part of the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applying device for holding the slightly acidic loam under the whole rain-fed condition by an operator, is made of manganese steel, has a circular cross section, and has a diameter of 1-2 cm, one end of the handle 3 is welded and fixed at the upper end of the side wall of the fertilizing column 2, extends downwards in an inclined manner, forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the horizontal direction, is bent smoothly without edges and corners, and is welded and fixed at the other end of the handle 3 on the side wall of the fertilizing column 2, and the distance between the two ends of the handle 3 and the side wall of the fertilizing column 2 is 10-20 cm. The lifting rod handle 5 is made of manganese steel and is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the height of the cylinder is 5-10 cm; the lifting rod 7 is a long rod which is made of manganese steel and is connected with a lifting rod head 10 and a lifting rod handle 5, the cross section of the lifting rod 7 is circular, the diameter of the circular is 0.3-1.5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 60-110 cm, a graduated scale is arranged in the height direction of the lifting rod 7, the lifting height of the lifting rod 7 can be obtained according to the graduated scale, the height of the lifting rod 7 can be controlled, the release amount of granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be controlled, and when the lifting rod 7 is used, the lifting rod 7 can be manually lifted by an operator or mechanically lifted by a fertilizing machine. The granular fertilizer containing box 6 is a container for containing granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, is cuboid, has the length of 10-50 cm, the width of 10-50 cm and the height of 10-60 cm, and consists of a granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame 16, a granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17, a granular fertilizer containing box bracket 18, a granular fertilizer flowing pipe opening 19, a granular fertilizer containing box wall 20, a granular fertilizer containing box cavity 21 and a granular fertilizer inlet 22; the granulated fertilizer inlet 22 is arranged on the outer surface of the center of the upper bottom of the granulated fertilizer box 6 and is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder is 3-5 cm, the wall of the cylinder is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the cylinder is 0.5-1 mm, the height of the cylinder is 1-3 cm, and the granulated calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added into the granulated fertilizer box cavity 21 from the granulated fertilizer inlet 22; the granule fertilizer box wall 20 is the wall of the granule fertilizer box 6, is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, has the thickness of 1-3 mm, the top wall is arranged in the horizontal direction, the four side walls are arranged in the vertical direction, but the bottom wall is concave, the lowest part of the concave surface is 1-5 cm away from the plane where the lower edge of the side wall is, the lowest part of the concave surface is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 0.3-1.5 cm, the round hole is called as a granule fertilizer pipe orifice 19, and the granule fertilizer pipe orifice 19 is an opening at the upper end of the granule fertilizer pipe 17; the granular fertilizer box cavity 21 is a cavity surrounded by the granular fertilizer box walls 20 and is used for containing granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the upper part of the granular fertilizer box cavity 21 is communicated with the granular fertilizer inlet 22, and the lower part is communicated with the granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17; the granular fertilizer flowing pipe 17 is a pipeline for guiding the granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the granular fertilizer containing box cavity 21 into the fertilizer guide pipe 15, is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, has the pipe wall thickness of 0.5-1 mm, and has the upper end communicated with the granular fertilizer containing box cavity 21 and the lower end communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe 15; the granular fertilizer box fixing frames 16 are fixed supports for supporting and fixing the granular fertilizer box supports 18 on the side wall of the fertilization column 2, 2 are arranged, each granular fertilizer box fixing frame 16 is made of manganese steel, the cross section of each granular fertilizer box fixing frame is circular, the diameter of each circular granular fertilizer box fixing frame is 3-5 mm, the upper end of each granular fertilizer box fixing frame is welded and fixed on the bottom corner of the outer side of each granular fertilizer box support 18, and the lower end of each granular fertilizer box fixing frame is fixed on the side wall of the fertilization column; fertile case support 18 of flourishing grain is the frame of fixing flourishing grain fertile case 6 support on 2 upper end top surfaces of fertilization post, for the manganese steel matter, be the cuboid, by 4 stands, 4 flat post are constituteed, 4 flat post two liang link to each other the welding together and form one by 1 interior limit, the square that 1 individual outside and 2 sides are constituteed, interior limit is the limit that is close to 2 central authorities 'axis of ordinates of fertilization post, interior limit central authorities lower surface welds on 2 upper end top surfaces of fertilization post, the limit is the limit of keeping away from 2 central authorities' axis of ordinates of fertilization post, outside both ends lower surface is in the same place with the upper end welding of flourishing grain fertile case solid frame 16, upper surface and stand lower extreme welding at four angles of square are in the same place, the stand upper end is then welded 4 angle lower surfaces in flour.
The concrete contents of the research on the suitable dosage of the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer planted in slightly acidic loam under the rainfed condition under the condition that the applying device is used for fertilizing are as follows. On the basis of the existing research, the early-maturing variety Youjin in the main cultivation of potatoes in Heilongjiang province is taken as a test material, and a land block with medium soil phosphorus content is selected in the Suilus north forest area of the main cultivation area of potatoes in Heilongjiang province from 2017 to 2019 to test the appropriate dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for the potatoes.
TABLE 1 basic fertility of test plots
TABLE 2 amount of fertilizer kg/hm treated differently2
Table 1 shows the basic fertility status of the three-year test plots, and the soil basic fertility of the three plots is at a moderate level. The three-year plot experiment adopts 0.8m ridge spacing, 6 ridges per plot and 15m per ridge, the three-time repetition is carried out, and the seeding density is 6 ten thousand holes/hm2The selected fertilizers are urea (N46%) and potassium sulfate K2SO4(K2O, 50 percent), and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate (P) because the soil in the region is slightly acidic2O513%) and diammonium phosphate (N, 18%, P)2O546%). All the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urea of 1/2 and potassium sulfate of 1/2 are deeply applied to the position 10cm below and 5-8cm on the side of the potato seeds as base fertilizers, the rest urea and potassium sulfate are applied to the ridge side in the bud period in combination with intertillage ridging and earthing, the dosage of the urea, the potassium sulfate and the diammonium phosphate is the same for each treatment, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is set to three levels, and 200kg/hm of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is respectively applied2，400kg/hm2And 600kg/hm2The specific dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is shown in Table 2. Randomly selecting 2 ridges from the middle four ridges of each cell in the harvest period, and continuously taking 10m2The production measurement, the intertillage and the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are carried out by adopting the conventional production management of a field, and no irrigation is carried out in the growth process.
TABLE 3 Potato yields t/hm for the different treatments2
The field test showed (Table 3), 100kg/hm2Diammonium phosphate is prepared at 400kg/hm2Total tuber yield (diameter) in case of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer>Tubers of 3 cm) and commercial potato yields (weight)>75g of tubers) reaches the highest value, and the yield of the commercial potatoes and the total yield are increased by 22.0-52.3% and 15% respectively in three years compared with the application of 200kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer per hectare.5-49.5%, and average yield increase of 32.2% and 27.8%; compared with 600kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applied per hectare, the yield of the commercial potatoes and the total yield are respectively increased by 7.5 to 18.0 percent and 7.1 to 13.2 percent in three years, and the yield is increased by 13.1 percent and 10.3 percent averagely. Therefore, in subacid loam areas with moderate soil fertility, potatoes are planted under the rain-fed condition, and 100kg of diammonium phosphate and 400kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to per hectare of base fertilizer, so that the early-maturing potatoes can obtain higher tuber yield and commodity potato yield.
In summary, the suitable dosage of the potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of subacid loam under the rain-fed condition and the technical points of the applying device mainly have the following 4 aspects: shape of phosphate fertilizer: granular; ② phosphate fertilizer variety: the pH value of the slightly acidic soil is lower than the optimum value, so that the content of calcium and magnesium in the soil is reduced, and the soil structure is deteriorated, therefore, the pH value of the soil can be adjusted by applying the alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the slightly acidic loam, the calcium and magnesium nutrition generally lacking in the acidic soil can be supplemented, the soil structure is improved, and in addition, the problem of calcium deficiency of potato tubers can be solved by supplementing the calcium nutrition to the calcium-deficient slightly acidic soil due to the fact that the mobility of calcium in a plant body is weak. Although the common diammonium phosphate is also a slightly alkaline fertilizer, the fertilizer can only supplement nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition, but cannot improve the soil structure and supplement calcium and magnesium nutrition which is lacked in acid soil. Consumption of phosphate fertilizer: under the condition of rain culture, the premature potatoes are planted in the medium-fertility loam with the soil of which the Olsen phosphorus content is 25-45mg/kg, 100kg of diammonium phosphate and 400kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be applied per hectare, although the fertilizer dosage is higher than the recommended dosage of 200kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2But because of P in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of P in diammonium phosphate is 12-18%2O5About 1/4 of the content, so 400kg/hm2The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer does not cause the problem of excessive application of the phosphate fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer application tool is the application device provided by the invention. Fourthly, the application period of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer, on weak acid soil, the available phosphorus in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be gradually released, the fertilizer efficiency is close to that of quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, which is very suitable for potato which needs about 30 days from sowing to seedling emergence, therefore, the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and the weak acid-soluble calcium are used as the water-soluble phosphate fertilizerThe magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied in a matching way, so that the stable supply of phosphorus in soil is maintained, the calcium and magnesium nutrition which is lacked in weak acid soil is supplemented, and the supplemented calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer or a base fertilizer.
Therefore, under the condition of fertilizing by using the application device, the potatoes planted in slightly acidic soil under the rain-culture condition are fertilized at the rate of 100kg/hm2Application of 350-450kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2Calcium magnesium phosphate is suitable.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. Potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer suitable quantity of subacid loam under the rain condition and apply the device, apply the device by go out fertile sharp awl (1), fertilization post (2), handle (3), carry pull rod handle (5), flourishing grain fertilizer case (6), carry pull rod (7), carry pull rod head stifled chamber (9), carry pull rod head (10), go out fertile stifled face (11), go out fertile hole (12), sharp awl goes out fertile pipe (13) and constitutes characterized in that: the fertilizer outlet tip cone (1) is made of manganese steel and is conical, the diameter of the bottom circle of the cone is 2-5 cm, the height of the cone is 5-15 cm, a cylindrical lifting rod head blocking cavity (9) is arranged in the height direction of the fertilizer outlet tip cone (1) and perpendicular to the bottom circle of the fertilizer outlet tip cone (1), the lower end of the lifting rod head blocking cavity (9) is opened on the side wall of the cone, a lifting rod head (10) is contained in the lifting rod head blocking cavity, and the diameter of the lifting rod head blocking cavity (9) is 0.5-2 cm; the upper surface of a lifting rod head (10) is circular, the upper half part of the lifting rod head is cylindrical, the diameter of a cylinder is 0.5-2 cm, the lower half part of the lifting rod head (10) is the part left after half of the cylinder is obliquely cut, an inclined plane formed by the lower half part is slightly bulged to form one part of the side surface of a fertilizer tip cone (1), the diameter of the cylinder where the lower half part of the lifting rod head (10) is located is 0.5-2 cm, the center of the upper surface of the lifting rod head (10) is connected with the lower end of a lifting rod (7) through a bolt structure, the outer surface of the lifting rod (7) passes through a movable cavity (8) of the lifting rod head and a movable rod fixing hole (4) and is fixed with a cylinder with the wall thickness of 1-5 mm through a screw, the cylinder is called a lifting rod mark (23), and the center of the side; the fertilizer outlet blocking surface (11) is the wall of a lifting rod head blocking cavity (9) on the opposite side of the slightly bulging inclined surface of the lower half part of the lifting rod head (10), the center of the fertilizer outlet blocking surface (11) is provided with a fertilizer outlet hole (12), the fertilizer outlet hole (12) is oval, the long diameter of the oval is 0.8-3.6 cm, the short diameter is 0.5-2 cm, and therefore the fertilizer outlet hole (12) faces to the horizontal direction; the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe (13) is a cavity between the fertilizer outlet hole (12) and the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) and is communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe cavity (14), the upper port of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe (13) is a round port, the diameter of the round port is 0.5-2 cm, and the lower port of the pointed cone fertilizer outlet pipe (13) is the fertilizer outlet hole (12); the fertilization column (2) is made of manganese steel and is integrally cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 2-5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 50-100 cm, a movable rod fixing hole (4), a lifting rod head movable cavity (8) and a fertilizer guide pipe (15) are arranged in the height direction of the cylinder, a lifting rod (7) penetrates through the movable rod fixing hole (4) and the lifting rod head movable cavity (8), and the upper end of the lifting rod (7) is welded and fixed in the center of the side wall of a lifting rod handle (5); a handle (3) is fixed on the side wall of the upper end of the fertilization column (2), a grain fertilizer containing box fixing frame (16) is fixed on one side wall of the handle (3) opposite to the side wall, a grain fertilizer containing box support (18) is fixed on the top surface of the fertilization column (2), the fertilization column (2) is connected with a grain fertilizer containing box (6) through the grain fertilizer containing box fixing frame (16) and the grain fertilizer containing box support (18), and the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is communicated with the grain fertilizer flowing pipe (17); the fertilization column (2) comprises a movable rod fixing hole (4), a lifting rod head movable cavity (8), a fertilizer guide tube cavity (14), a fertilizer guide tube (15) and a lifting rod mark (23); the movable rod fixing hole (4) is a round hole above the movable cavity (8) of the lifting rod head, the diameter of the round hole is 0.4-1.6 cm, and the height of the round hole is 2-5 cm; the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity (8) is the lower end surface of the movable rod fixing hole (4), namely the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity (8) is communicated with the movable rod fixing hole (4), the upper end of the lifting rod head movable cavity (8) is the upper end surface of the lifting rod head blocking cavity (9), namely the lower end of the lifting rod head movable cavity (8) is communicated with the lifting rod head blocking cavity (9), the cross section of the lifting rod head movable cavity (8) is circular, and the diameter of the circle is 0.5-2 cm; the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is a pipeline which is arranged in the fertilizer application column (2) in parallel with the movable rod fixing hole (4) and the pull rod head movable cavity (8), a cavity in the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is a fertilizer guide pipe cavity (14), the cross section of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is circular, the diameter of the circular cross section at the upper end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the diameter of the circular cross section at the lower end of the fertilizer guide pipe (15) is 0.5-2 cm.
2. The suitable dosage and application device of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in subacid loam under rainfed condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the handle (3) is made of manganese steel, the cross section of the handle is circular, the diameter of the circular handle is 1-2 cm, one end of the handle (3) is welded and fixed at the upper end of the side wall of the fertilization column (2), then the handle extends downwards in an inclined mode, an included angle of 10-20 degrees is formed between the handle and the horizontal direction, the handle is bent smoothly and does not have edges, the other end of the handle (3) is welded and fixed on the side wall of the fertilization column (2), and the distance between the two ends of the handle (3) and the side wall of the fertilization column (2) is 10-20 cm; the lifting rod handle (5) is made of manganese steel and is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.3-1.5 cm, and the height of the cylinder is 5-10 cm; the lifting rod (7) is a long rod which is connected with a lifting rod head (10) and a lifting rod handle (5), is made of manganese steel, has a circular cross section, the diameter of the circular cross section is 0.3-1.5 cm, the height of the cylinder is 60-110 cm, a graduated scale is arranged in the height direction of the lifting rod (7), and the release amount of the granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be controlled by controlling the height of the lifting rod (7).
3. The suitable dosage and application device of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in subacid loam under rainfed condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the granular fertilizer containing box (6) is a container for containing granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, is cuboid, has the length of 10-50 cm, the width of 10-50 cm and the height of 10-60 cm, and consists of a granular fertilizer containing box fixing frame (16), a granular fertilizer flowing pipe (17), a granular fertilizer containing box bracket (18), a granular fertilizer flowing pipe opening (19), a granular fertilizer containing box wall (20), a granular fertilizer containing box cavity (21) and a granular fertilizer inlet (22); the grain-feeding fertilizer port (22) is arranged on the outer surface of the center of the upper bottom of the grain-containing fertilizer box (6) and is cylindrical, the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder is 3-5 cm, the wall of the cylinder is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the cylinder is 0.5-1 mm, and the height of the cylinder is 1-3 cm; the particle fertilizer containing box wall (20) is the wall of the particle fertilizer containing box (6), is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, is 1-3 mm thick, the top wall is arranged in the horizontal direction, the four side walls are arranged in the vertical direction, but the bottom wall is concave, the lowest part of the concave surface is 1-5 cm away from the plane where the lower edge of the side wall is located, the lowest part of the concave surface is provided with a round hole with the diameter of 0.3-1.5 cm, the round hole is called a particle fertilizer flowing pipe opening (19), and the particle fertilizer flowing pipe opening (19) is an opening at the upper end of the particle fertilizer flowing pipe (17); the grain-containing fertilizer box cavity (21) is a cavity surrounded by the wall (20) of the grain-containing fertilizer box, the upper part of the grain-containing fertilizer box cavity (21) is communicated with the grain-feeding fertilizer opening (22), and the lower part is communicated with the grain-flowing fertilizer pipe (17); the grain-flowing fertilizer pipe (17) is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the pipe wall of the grain-flowing fertilizer pipe (17) is 0.5-1 mm, the upper end of the grain-flowing fertilizer pipe is communicated with the grain-containing fertilizer box cavity (21), and the lower end of the grain-flowing fertilizer pipe is communicated with the fertilizer guide pipe (15); 2 fertilizer containing box fixing frames (16) are arranged, each fertilizer containing box fixing frame (16) is made of manganese steel, the cross section of each fertilizer containing box fixing frame is circular, the diameter of each circle is 3-5 mm, the upper end of each circle is welded and fixed on the bottom corner of the outer side of a fertilizer containing box support (18), and the lower end of each circle is fixed on the side wall of the fertilizer application column (2); fertile case support of flourishing grain (18) is the manganese steel matter, be the cuboid, by 4 stands, 4 flat posts are constituteed, two liang of welding of 4 flat posts form one by 1 interior limit, the square that 1 individual outside and 2 sides are constituteed, interior limit is the limit that is close to fertilization post (2) central longitudinal axis, interior limit central authorities lower surface welds on fertilization post (2) upper end top surface, the limit is the limit of keeping away from fertilization post (2) central longitudinal axis, the upper end welding of outside both ends lower surface and the fertile case solid frame of flourishing grain (16) is in the same place, upper surface and the stand lower extreme welding at four angles of square are in the same place, the stand upper end then welds 4 angle lower surfaces in the bottom of flourishing grain fertile case (6).
4. The suitable dosage and application device of potato calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in subacid loam under rainfed condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: under the condition of fertilizing by using the applying device and under the rain-culture condition, the subacid loam potato planting is carried out under the condition of 100kg/hm2The appropriate dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer under the condition of diammonium phosphate is 350-450kg/hm2。
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