CN113090661A - 用于连接元件的环、连接元件及相应的制造方法 - Google Patents

用于连接元件的环、连接元件及相应的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN113090661A
CN113090661A CN202011471266.6A CN202011471266A CN113090661A CN 113090661 A CN113090661 A CN 113090661A CN 202011471266 A CN202011471266 A CN 202011471266A CN 113090661 A CN113090661 A CN 113090661A
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ring
powder
connecting element
contact portion
sintering
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J-B.考德特
A.蒙德林
A.特米尤
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SKF Aerospace France SAS
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SKF Aerospace France SAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/067Fixing them in a housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/04Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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    • F01D25/162Bearing supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/162Bearing supports
    • F01D25/164Flexible supports; Vibration damping means associated with the bearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C27/04Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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    • F16C33/06Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/08Attachment of brasses, bushes or linings to the bearing housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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    • F16C33/06Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C33/14Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34Rollers; Needles
    • F16C33/36Rollers; Needles with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38Ball cages
    • F16C33/3837Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/3843Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
    • F16C33/385Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the balls, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages made from metal, e.g. cast or machined window cages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4617Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/4623Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
    • F16C33/4629Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages made from metal, e.g. cast or machined window cages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/56Selection of substances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

用于连接元件(2)的该环(6)包括旨在与另一环(4)的接触表面(14)配合的接触部分(52)和旨在固定到支撑件的紧固部分(32)。接触部分(52)由第一金属材料制成,紧固部分(32)由第二金属材料制成,第一材料的硬度严格大于第二材料的硬度,第二材料的韧性严格大于第一材料的韧性,接触部分(52)和紧固部分(32)制成一体。

Description

用于连接元件的环、连接元件及相应的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及连接元件、旨在结合到这种连接元件中的环以及用于制造这种环的方法。
背景技术
在航空工业中,已知将滚动元件轴承用于各种应用,例如在飞机的发动机轴上实现枢转机械连接。通常,用于这种应用的滚动元件轴承的形状非常复杂。
通常,装配到这种滚动元件轴承上的环包括:接触部分,其旨在与轴承的滚动元件接触;以及紧固部分,该环可以通过其被紧固到支撑件或发动机轴。例如,旨在结合到飞机发动机中的某些滚动元件轴承包括具有套环或鼠笼式紧固部分的外环。
在这些条件下,该环必须能够承受两种不同类型的载荷:接触部分必须具有足够的硬度以对滚动元件产生有效的滚道,而紧固部分必须具有足够的结构疲劳强度以可靠地将环紧固到支撑件。
为了适应这两种类型的载荷,已经建议选择代表两种类型载荷之间良好折衷的材料。例如,环可以由M50NiL钢制成,并且接触部分的滚道表面可以进行表面硬化。
然而,这种解决方案并不完全令人满意。首先,与其他类型的钢相比,由表面硬化的M50NiL制成的滚道表面具有较低的硬度。而且,使接触部分的滚道表面表面硬化的步骤是昂贵的。此外,与使用更轻质的材料来实现等效疲劳性能时相比,紧固部分的质量相对较高。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服上述缺点。
更特别地,本发明旨在改善连接组件的环的接触部分和紧固部分的硬度和结构疲劳强度的性能。
为此,本文件提出一种用于连接元件的环,包括旨在与另一环的接触表面配合的接触部分和旨在固定至支撑件的紧固部分。
根据该环的一个总体特征,接触部分由第一金属材料制成,紧固部分由第二金属材料制成,第一材料的硬度严格大于第二材料的硬度,第二材料的韧性严格大于第一材料的韧性,接触部分和紧固部分制成一体。
第一材料的硬度允许接触部分具有更好的接触疲劳强度。更高的韧性使得紧固部分可以具有良好的结构疲劳强度。因此,这种环的几何形状可以部分地借助于机械性能来优化,并且比由单一材料制成的环更轻巧且更可靠。而且,一件式制造使得可以避免将焊珠放置在接触部分和焊接部分之间,这降低了制造环的成本并增加了其可靠性。
在本申请中,表述“一件式制造”应理解为由形成零件的两个部分构成,因为在相同的形成过程中,将两个部分形成为单件。因此,由制成一件的两个部分构成的零件不是分开形成然后在随后的组装过程中将它们彼此连接的两个零件的组件。
优选地,通过金属粉末的烧结将接触部分和紧固部分制成一体。
有利地,紧固部分包括保持架,其包括径向紧固边缘和设置有多个周向分布的窗口的基本轴向部分。
另一方面提出了一种旨在结合到飞机中的连接元件,包括第一环和第二环,第一和第二环安装成能够相对于彼此枢转,第一环是如上定义的环。
根据一实施例,接触部分包括接触表面,连接元件包括介于第一环的接触表面和第二环的接触表面之间的至少一排滚动元件。
另一方面提出了一种用于制造如上定义的连接元件的环的方法,按以下顺序包括:在外壳中存储第一金属粉末;在外壳中存储第二金属粉末,第二粉末与第一粉末不同,该方法还包括烧结存储在外壳中的粉末,以便将环的接触部分和紧固部分制成一体。
还可以提供在外壳中存储第三金属粉末,第三粉末不同于第一和第二粉末,烧结存储在外壳中的粉末是为了与接触部分和紧固部分一体地制成环的附加部分。
这种实施例尤其可以在环的接触部分和紧固部分之间形成过渡部分。
根据一个实施例,该方法包括在存储第一金属粉末之前将间隔件装置放置在外壳中,存储在外壳中的粉末布置在间隔件装置周围。
这样的实施例使得可以形成中空预成型件,从而减少获得环所需的机加工次数。
根据另一实施例,烧结粉末包括火花等离子体烧结。
根据一实施例,烧结粉末包括热等静压。
还可以提供在烧结粉末之后的热处理步骤和/或机加工步骤。
附图说明
通过阅读下面的描述,本发明的其他目的、特征和优点将变得更加显而易见,这些描述仅通过非限制性示例的方式并参考附图提供,其中:
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明一方面的连接元件,
图2示意性地示出了通过火花等离子体烧结来制造这种环的装置,
图3示意性地示出了用于制造图1的连接元件的环的方法,以及
图4以截面图示出了在图3的方法的过程中获得的预成型件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了连接元件2。连接元件2是滚动元件轴承的元件。连接元件2旨在结合到飞机中。特别地,连接元件2旨在引导发动机轴与飞机发动机(未示出)的支撑件或壳体之间的枢转机械连接。然而,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以设想连接元件2的不同应用。
连接元件2包括内环4和外环6。在这种情况下,内环4旨在固定至飞机发动机的发动机轴(未示出),外环6旨在于固定至飞机发动机的支撑件(未示出)。
定义了与外环6相同的正交向量基8。基8由向量X、向量Y和向量Z构成。
环4和6的形状是绕共享的旋转轴线10旋转圆柱体的形状。轴线10平行于向量X。
在本申请中,除非另外指出,否则表述“圆柱形表面”是指由搁置在闭合平面曲线上的一组平行直线形成的表面。
在本申请中,除非另有说明,否则术语“轴向”、“轴向地”、“径向”和“径向地”应理解为与旋转轴线10有关。
内环4具有基本圆柱形内表面12,具有形成内滚道的圆柱形外表面14,以及具有连接内表面12和外表面14的侧壁16。
内环4由钢制成,例如M50。
外环6具有基本圆柱形外表面18,具有形成外滚道的圆柱形内表面20,以及具有连接外表面18和内表面20的侧壁22。
有利地,外表面18包括两个周向凹槽24、26,其能够分别容纳密封段(未示出)。在容纳在凹槽24、26中的两个段之间轴向设置有流体膜,所述膜径向地限制在所述外表面18和固定支撑表面(未示出)之间,从而形成振动衰减装置。
连接元件2包括多个滚动元件28,其容纳在由外表面14和内表面20形成的滚道之间。通过以这种方式布置的滚动元件28,环4能够围绕轴线10相对于环6枢转。滚动元件28通过保持架30在径向和切线方向上保持。在所示的示例中,滚动元件28是圆柱滚子,其轴线平行于轴线10。可替代地,滚动元件可以是另一种类型,例如球或圆锥滚子。同样地,设想连接元件2不具有滚动元件,例如滑动轴承,也不会脱离本发明的范围。
外环6具有从所述外环6的侧壁22轴向延伸的鼠笼型的保持架32。
鼠笼32设置有紧固边缘34,其基本径向延伸并且旨在牢固地紧固至固定的支撑件或框架(未示出),例如通过穿过通孔36并容纳在支撑件的相应螺纹孔中的螺钉。
鼠笼32包括基本轴向的中间部分38,其具有围绕轴线10周向分布的多个窗口40。窗口40旨在为保持架32提供一定程度的柔性,以承受组件的各种振动模式。根据所示的实施例,中间部分38包括两个轴向部分42、44,每一个设置有窗口40。轴向部分44的直径大于轴向部分42的直径。两个轴向部分42、44通过折叠部分46连接。紧固边缘34包括从轴向部分44的自由端径向向外延伸的外部分48和从轴向部分44的所述自由端径向向内延伸的内部分50。
根据本发明,外环6由两种不同的材料制成。外环6包括接触部分52,其设置成与滚动元件28滚动接触并且由第一材料形成。因此,在该示例性实施例中,接触部分52通过插入滚动元件28而与内环的外表面配合。如前所述,作为变型,可以提供不具有滚动元件的连接元件。在这种情况下,接触部分52直接与内环的外表面配合。
外环6还包括形成紧固部分并且由不同于第一材料的第二材料制成的鼠笼32。
接触部分52包括外表面18和内表面20以及侧壁22。接触部分52由针对其接触疲劳特性而选择的材料制成,并且其硬度严格大于第二材料的硬度。因此,接触部分52由特定的材料制成,以便起到对滚动元件轴承28的元件的直接滚动元件轴承支撑的作用。在所示的示例中,第一材料是选自以下列表的钢:T15、AMS6560、T1(Z80 WCrV18.4.1)、M 62、M50、ASP2055。
鼠笼32由弹性严格大于第一材料的材料制成。因此,鼠笼32由特定材料制成以便承受力和振动。在所示的示例中,第二材料选自下列列表:钛合金、铝合金、钢,例如低碳或中碳钢、32CVD13、INCONEL718。
图2示意性地示出了制造装置100。装置100旨在用于制造诸如连接元件2的外环6之类的环。
装置100包括脉冲发生器102、上模具104和下模具106。发生器102能够产生电流并且电连接到模具104和106。模具104和106由导电材料制成。例如,模具104和106由石墨制成。可替代地,模具104和106容纳在模具104和106的整个高度上延伸的导电元件。
装置100还包括中空圆柱体108。圆柱体108的形状绕竖直轴线(未示出)旋转。中空圆柱体108包括圆柱形内表面,其形状与上模具104的下端110的圆柱形表面以及下模具106的上端112的圆柱形表面匹配。由于这些匹配的形状,圆柱体108的内部与模具104和106的端部一起界定外壳114。圆柱体108包括底壁109,圆柱体108可以通过该底壁而相对于模具106竖直地保持,并且当圆柱体108填充有粉末时,其可以通过该底壁而移动。
装置100包括圆柱体116。圆柱体116的形状绕竖直轴线(未示出)旋转。圆柱体116布置在外壳114中,使得其旋转轴线与圆柱体108的旋转轴线基本重合。圆柱体116短于模具104和106之间的竖直距离,使得模具在压实粉末时可以组合在一起。
参考图3,下面描述使用图2的制造装置100实现的用于制造外环6的方法。尽管图3所示的方法用于制造外环6,但可以设想使用这种方法来产生另一个环,例如内环4,而不脱离本发明的范围。
在该方法的初始状态下,圆柱体108和116布置在下模具106的上端上方。因此,外壳114由圆柱体108和下模具106界定,并且可以从上方进入。
该方法包括将第一金属粉末118(参见图2)存储在外壳114中的第一步骤E01。第一粉末118旨在用于形成外环6的接触部分52。为此,第一粉末118适于形成构成接触部分52的第一材料。
该方法包括将第二金属粉末120(参见图2)存储在外壳114中的第二步骤E02。第二粉末120旨在用于形成外环6的鼠笼32。为此,第二粉末120旨在用于形成构成鼠笼32的第二材料。
第一粉末118和第二粉末120不同。更特别地,第一粉末118旨在形成比由第二粉末120形成的材料更硬的钢,并且第二粉末120旨在形成比由第一粉末118形成的材料具有更大的结构疲劳强度的金属。
由于步骤E01和E02的顺序,第一粉末118竖直地介于下模具106和第二粉末120之间。
该方法包括定位上模具104的第三步骤E03。步骤E03包括将模具104的下端放置在圆柱体108内并且竖直邻接圆柱体116。因此,第二粉末120竖直地介于上模具104和第一粉末118之间。
该方法包括烧结粉末118和120的第四步骤E04。在这种情况下,步骤E04包括粉末118和120的火花等离子体烧结。火花等离子体烧结也以缩写SPS所公知。
在步骤E04期间,脉冲发生器102发射多个电流脉冲。脉冲通过模具104和106传输到粉末118和120。焦耳加热导致粉末118和120的温度显著升高直到它们融合。步骤E04的结果是预成型件122,其包括对应于烧结后的粉末118的下部分124和对应于烧结后的粉末120的上部分126。在图4中示出了预成型件122。因此,部分124比部分126硬,并且部分126具有比部分124更大的结构疲劳强度。由于火花等离子体烧结包含在相同外壳114中的粉末118和120,部分124和126是一体的并且形成单个零件,而无需执行组装过程。
该方法包括对预成型件122进行机加工的步骤E05。步骤E05涉及进行机加工操作,以使预成型件122呈现外环6的形状。更具体地,在步骤E05中,对下部分124进行机加工,使得它具有接触部分52的形状,并且上部分126被加工成其具有鼠笼32的形状。
该方法包括对预成型件122进行热处理的步骤E06。步骤E06涉及实施选自淬火、回火和退火中的至少一种热处理。
该过程的结果是如图1所示的环6。产生的环6具有:接触部分52,其由足够硬的材料制成以为滚动元件形成有效的滚道;以及紧固部分,其重量轻并具有合适的结构疲劳强度。接触部分和紧固部分形成为一体,并且不需要实施焊接操作。其结果是降低了环6的制造成本并提高了其可靠性。
设想通过热等静压而不是通过火花等离子体烧结来烧结粉末118和120并不脱离本发明的范围。热等静压也以首字母缩写HIP所公知。
类似地,可以设想除了粉末118和120之外还添加至少一种金属粉末。例如,添加金属粉末竖直地介于粉末118和120之间。以这种方式插入的金属粉末可以形成部分124和126之间的过渡部分。
而且,设想交换步骤E05和E06不脱离本发明的范围。类似地,可以在热处理操作之前进行一些加工操作,并且在热处理操作之后进行其他加工操作,或者甚至可以在加工操作之前进行一些热处理操作,以及在加工操作之后进行其他热处理操作。
使用圆柱体116是有利的,因为它可以减少在步骤E05期间必须实施的加工操作的数量。还可以设想,在该方法的初始状态下,圆柱体116没有布置在外壳114中。在这种情况下,在步骤E04结束时获得的预成型件122将不是中空的,如图4所示。
还可以设想多次重复由步骤E01和E02构成的阶段。结果,外壳114包含多个部分,其竖直介入且每个包括第一粉末118的厚度和第二粉末120的厚度。在这种情况下,在步骤E04结束时,预成型件是棒,其包括以该顺序插入的:由第一材料制成的部分、由第二材料制成的部分、由第一材料制成的部分、由第二材料制成的部分等等。在这种情况下,该方法包括在步骤E04和E05之间的附加步骤,其包括例如通过锯切来切割由由第一材料制成的部分和由第二材料制成的部分构成的棒的一部分,以便获得与预成型件122相同的新的预成型件。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于连接元件(2)的环(6),包括旨在与另一环(4)的接触表面(14)配合的接触部分(52)和旨在固定到支撑件的紧固部分(32),其特征在于,所述接触部分(52)由第一金属材料制成,所述紧固部分(32)由第二金属材料制成,第一材料的硬度严格大于第二材料的硬度,第二材料的韧性严格大于第一材料的韧性,所述接触部分(52)和紧固部分(32)制成一体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环(6),其中,通过金属粉末的烧结将所述接触部分(52)和紧固部分(32)制成一体。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的环(6),其中,所述紧固部分包括保持架(32),所述保持架(32)包括径向紧固边缘(34)和设置有多个周向分布的窗口(40)的基本轴向部分(38)。
4.一种旨在结合到飞机中的连接元件(2),包括第一环(6)和第二环(4),所述第一和第二环(4、6)安装成能够围绕轴线相对于彼此旋转移动,所述第一环(6)是根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的环。
5.根据权利要求4所述的连接元件(2),其中,所述接触部分(52)包括接触表面(20),所述连接元件(2)包括介于所述第一环(6)的接触表面(20)和所述第二环(4)的接触表面(14)之间的至少一排滚动元件(28)。
6.一种制造根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于连接元件(2)的环(6)的方法,包括以下连续步骤:在外壳(114)中存储(E01)第一金属粉末(118);在外壳(114)中存储(E02)第二金属粉末(120),第二粉末(120)与第一粉末(118)不同;以及烧结(E04)存储在外壳(114)中的粉末(118、120),以便将所述环(6)的接触部分(52)和紧固部分(32)制成一体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括将第三金属粉末存储在所述外壳(114)中,第三粉末不同于第一和第二粉末(118、120),烧结(E04)存储在所述外壳(114)中的粉末(118、120)用于与所述接触部分(52)和紧固部分(32)一体地制成所述环(6)的附加部分。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,包括在存储(E01)第一金属粉末之前将间隔件装置(116)放置在所述外壳(114)中,存储在所述外壳(114)中的粉末(118、120)布置在所述间隔件装置(116)周围。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法,其中,烧结(E04)粉末(118、120)包括火花等离子体烧结和/或热等静压。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的方法,还包括在烧结(E04)粉末(118、120)之后的热处理步骤(E06)和/或机加工步骤(E05)。
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FR3105319B1 (fr) 2022-03-18
GB2591180B (en) 2024-03-20
US11389870B2 (en) 2022-07-19
DE102020133550A1 (de) 2021-06-24
FR3105319A1 (fr) 2021-06-25
US20210213520A1 (en) 2021-07-15
GB2591180A (en) 2021-07-21

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