CN113084595A - High-precision ring part plane scraping method - Google Patents
High-precision ring part plane scraping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084595A CN113084595A CN202110321738.8A CN202110321738A CN113084595A CN 113084595 A CN113084595 A CN 113084595A CN 202110321738 A CN202110321738 A CN 202110321738A CN 113084595 A CN113084595 A CN 113084595A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
Abstract
The invention relates to a plane scraping method for processing a ring-shaped part, which is a multipoint alternative support fitting plane scraping method. The part is uniformly distributed at multiple points and alternately supported, the part is influenced by gravity, the part unsupported position generates displacement, a plane curve is fitted according to the end face displacement symmetry, the high point position influencing the surface precision of the part is identified, the scraping removal amount of each position of the end face is determined, the influence of gravity on the scraping processing process is eliminated, the fast convergence of the part plane precision fitting curve is realized, and the problem of poor surface shape precision world consistency of the part is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-precision machining.
Background
In the process of developing an aerospace optical remote sensor, in order to reduce the influence of the structural stress of the remote sensor on the system precision, realize the precise transmission of a light path and ensure the on-orbit imaging quality, a ring part with an unloading function is generally used for connecting an optical lens assembly and a machine body. The structure of the part is generally symmetrical about the center, the surface shape precision is mostly micron-sized, the surface roughness value is small, and the part has the characteristics of high precision, large diameter-thickness ratio, weak rigidity and the like because the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the part are generally large, the thickness of the part is small, and a large number of lightening grooves, unloading seams and the like are distributed on the part.
The precision index of the parts under the rail microgravity environment is realized, and the unloading function of the parts can be effectively guaranteed. However, the parts are produced and processed on the ground, and due to the fact that the parts are large in diameter-thickness ratio and weak in rigidity, the action of gravity cannot be eliminated in all processing links and all detection links, the ground processing precision and the on-orbit precision of the parts have certain difference, the on-orbit unloading function of the parts is directly influenced, and the imaging quality of a remote sensor is seriously influenced. Therefore, in the machining process of the parts, the influence of gravity on the precision index needs to be eliminated, and the surface shape precision of the parts is ensured to be consistent in nature.
In order to realize high surface shape precision of the parts, a manual scraping method is generally used in production. When the traditional manual scraping is carried out, the surface of a part is cleaned, red powder is smeared on the end face of the part, then the end face of the part is ground with a standard plane, the high point of the end face of the part is found out, a scraping tool is used for removing a trace amount, and the precision of the surface shape of the part is realized by repeating the process. However, because the parts have weak rigidity and are influenced by gravity, when the parts are colored and ground on a standard plane, the false phenomena of high point distribution density and good scraping effect of the end surfaces of the parts are caused, namely, the traditional scraping method cannot accurately identify the high points and the low points of the parts and cannot realize the surface shape precision consistency of the parts. Therefore, for ring parts with high precision, large diameter-thickness ratio and weak rigidity, a part plane scraping method capable of eliminating the influence of gravity needs to be designed to ensure that the precision of the scraped parts is consistent from day to day.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a plane scraping method for processing ring parts, aiming at the problem that the structural characteristics and the plane scraping process of aerospace high-precision ring parts have poor consistency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a plane scraping method for a high-precision ring part comprises the following steps:
s1, equally dividing the surface of the ring part into N areas, wherein N is more than 3;
s2, supporting the ring-shaped parts on the platform by using a supporting device, wherein the supporting positions are respectively located at the critical positions of the region and are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
s3, leveling the upper surface of the part corresponding to the supporting position, taking the upper surface as a reference surface, enabling the upper surface to be parallel to the surface of the platform, and measuring and marking the distance H between the upper end surface of the ring-shaped part and the reference surface1，H2，…，Hi…，HnN is the number of test locations;
s4, rotating the supporting position by one region clockwise or anticlockwise to the critical position of the adjacent region;
s5, leveling the upper surface of the part corresponding to the supporting position, taking the upper surface as a reference surface, and enabling the upper surface to be parallel to the surface of the platform; measuring and marking distance h between upper end surface of ring part and reference surface1，h2，…，hi…，hn；
S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 for preset times to find the part HiOr hiThe position is the lowest point L of the part, the position O of the supporting device at the moment is recorded, and the reference surface of the supporting device is recorded as the theoretical plane M surface of the part;
s7, supporting the ring-shaped part according to the supporting position O, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end face of the part and the surface M, and drawing a surface shape trend J curve of the upper end face of the part;
s8, rotating the supporting positions O clockwise or anticlockwise to the critical positions of adjacent areas for transposition supporting, and leveling the supporting positions to form a plane serving as a theoretical plane M of the part;
s9, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end surface of the ring part and the theoretical plane M of the part in S8, and drawing a trend L curve of the upper end surface shape of the ring part after transposition support under an S7 trend curve coordinate system;
s10, obtaining height values of all test positions according to the J curve and the L curve, and fitting a plane precision K curve, wherein the symmetry delta H of the K curve relative to the theoretical plane M of the part is the surface precision of the part before scraping and grinding; identifying the position of a high point according to the symmetry of the K curve about the M surface, and then scraping to ensure that the symmetry of the J curve and the L curve of the scraped part about the M surface meets the precision requirement;
s11, repeating S7-S10, fitting a scraped ring part plane precision K curve again according to S10, wherein the maximum height difference delta H of the fitted curve is the planeness of the scraped surface, judging whether the planeness delta H meets the precision requirement, and if so, turning to S12; otherwise, scraping according to S10, and repeating S7-S11 until the flatness delta H meets the precision requirement;
and S12, grinding the scraping processing trace to ensure the surface roughness requirement.
Preferably, the outer diameter a for the part is in the following range: parts with the diameter phi of 200mm or more and the diameter phi of 2000mm or less, the diameter-to-width ratio of 25 or more and the diameter-to-thickness ratio of 20 or more are supported by using multiple points, the number of the supporting positions is determined according to the diameter, the diameter phi of 200mm or more and the diameter phi of 800mm or less, and the supporting positions are supported at 3 positions; supporting at a position where phi is more than 800mm and less than or equal to phi A and less than or equal to phi 1200mm at 3-4 positions; supporting at the position 4-5, wherein phi is more than 1200mm and less than phi A and less than or equal to phi 2000 mm.
Preferably, the number of divisional areas N is 2 times the number of support positions.
Preferably, the parallelism value of the plane formed by leveling the upper end face corresponding to the supporting position and the platform surface is 1/2 to 1/3 of the part machining precision.
Preferably, the scratch processing traces are ground off using a flat grinder in S12.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the surface grinder is not higher than 10 r/min.
Preferably, according to the formula (H) from the J curve and the L curvei+hi) And/2, obtaining the height value of each test position i.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
a plane scraping method for processing ring parts, namely a multipoint alternate support fitting plane scraping method. The part is uniformly distributed at multiple points and alternately supported, the part is influenced by gravity, the part unsupported position generates displacement, a plane curve is fitted according to the end face displacement symmetry, the high point position influencing the surface precision of the part is identified, the scraping removal amount of each position of the end face is determined, the influence of gravity on the scraping processing process is eliminated, the fast convergence of the part plane precision fitting curve is realized, and the problem of poor surface shape precision world consistency of the part is solved.
The invention uses a plane grinder to grind the end surface of the high-precision ring part, eliminates the manual scraping trace, realizes the surface roughness with a smaller numerical value and does not influence the planeness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-point support according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the alternate support of the support point rotation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an ideal displacement trend diagram of the present invention for simplifying the ring type parts into linear parts;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the actual displacement trend of the ring-shaped component simplified into a linear component according to the present invention;
figure 5 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a ring type part of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of central symmetry and large diameter-thickness ratio of parts to uniformly support the end faces of the parts at multiple points, and the unsupported positions are bent under the influence of gravity to generate axial displacement; after the supporting position is replaced, the unsupported position is bent under the influence of gravity to generate axial displacement, and theoretically, the axial displacement before and after the supporting position is replaced should be kept consistent. However, in the actual machining process, due to the machining error of the parts and the like, the consistency of displacement of the parts after being alternately supported is poor. And judging high and low points of the scraped surface according to the difference value of the alternate support displacement, and realizing the consistency of axial displacement before and after the support position is replaced through the scraped high point to realize surface precision machining.
A plane scraping method for aerospace high-precision ring parts, namely a multipoint alternate support fitting plane scraping method, takes 3-point alternate support fitting plane scraping as an example (figure 1), and the main steps of using the method comprise:
1) according to the surface characteristics of the ring part 1, the surface of the ring part is equally divided into 6 areas (area one, area two, area three, area four, area five and area six), which is shown in figure 2;
2) the part is supported on a platform 3 by screw jacks 2 (or other adjustable supporting blocks 2), the 3 jacks are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees relative to the center of the part, and the supporting positions are respectively positioned at a first critical position and a second critical position, a third critical position and a fourth critical position, and a fifth critical position and a sixth critical position, which are shown in the attached figure 2;
3) leveling the surface formed by the supporting positions at the 3 positions by using a jack to realize that the surface is parallel to the surface of the platform, and taking the plane formed by the coplanarity of the supporting positions at the 3 positions as a reference plane; under the influence of gravity, the part unsupported part bends downwards relative to the reference surface to generate displacement, the ideal displacement trend is shown in attached figure 3, the actual displacement trend of the part is shown in attached figure 4, then the displacement of the upper end surface of the part relative to the reference surface is measured and marked, and the distance H is used1，H2，H3……Hn(n is the number of test sites, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 … …) as shown in figure 2;
4) rotating the 3 supporting points clockwise or anticlockwise by one area, and respectively supporting the supporting points at the second critical area and the third critical area, the fourth critical area and the fifth critical area, and the sixth critical area and the first critical area, as shown in the attached figure 2;
5) leveling the surface formed by the supporting positions at the 3 positions by a jack, and enabling the surface to be parallel to the surface of the platform, wherein the plane formed by the coplanarity of the supporting positions at the 3 positions is used as a reference plane; under the influence of gravity, the part unsupported part bends downwards relative to the reference plane to generate displacement, the ideal displacement trend is shown in the attached drawing 3, and the actual displacement of the part tends to trend due to the machining error of the part and the likeSee fig. 4, and then measure and mark the distance h between the upper end surface of the part (corresponding to the measurement position of step 3) and the reference surface1，h2，h3……hn(n is the number of test sites, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 … …) is shown in figure 2.
6) And (3) repeating the steps 1) to 5), finding the maximum absolute value of the part H or H, wherein the position is the lowest point L (shown in figure 2) of the part, recording the positions supported by the jack at the moment, and marking the positions A, B and C (shown in figure 2), wherein a plane formed by 3 points is defined as a theoretical plane M of the part.
7) Keeping the supporting position unchanged, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end surface of the part and the M surface, and drawing a surface shape trend J curve of the upper end surface of the part (figure 4);
8) the 3 support points are rotated one area clockwise or counterclockwise and the jack positions are recorded as D, E, F (fig. 2), and the plane formed by the 3 points is also defined as the theoretical plane M of the part.
9) Keeping the supporting position unchanged, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end face of the part and the M surface, and drawing a trend L curve (shown in figure 4) of the upper end face surface shape of the part after transposition support under the trend graph coordinate system in the step 7;
10) according to J curve and L curve, according to the formula (H)n+hn) And/2, obtaining the height value of each detection position, and fitting a plane precision K curve, wherein the symmetry delta H (shown in figure 4) of the K curve relative to the M plane is the surface precision of the part before scraping. Identifying the position of a high point according to the symmetry of the K curve about the M surface, and then scraping to ensure that the symmetry of the J curve and the L curve of the scraped part about the M surface meets the precision requirement;
11) according to the steps 7) to 9), drawing a J curve and an L curve of the scraped surface of the part according to a formula (H)n+hn) And/2, calculating the height value of each test point, and then obtaining a fitting curve K (shown in figure 4), wherein the maximum height difference delta H of the fitting curve is the planeness of the scraped surface.
12) And repeating the steps 7) to 11) to enable the flatness delta H to meet the precision requirement.
13) And (4) grinding and scraping machining traces by using a plane grinder to ensure the requirement of surface roughness.
Examples
A certain ring part 1 (shown in figure 5) has profile dimensions of phi 524mm multiplied by phi 495mm multiplied by 18mm, a diameter-thickness ratio of 29.1, flatness requirements of two end faces of the part of 0.004mm, surface roughness Ra0.2, 60 gaps are uniformly distributed on the two end faces of the part, a large number of unloading slots with the width of 0.3mm are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface, the part has a weak structure rigidity, and the surface shape precision requirements of the part are high.
The method of the invention, namely a multipoint alternate support fitting plane scraping method, applies a 3-point alternate support fitting plane scraping method, and comprises the following steps:
1) the surface of the part is equally divided into 6 areas (areas one, two, three, four, five and six) by using 60 bosses uniformly distributed on the part 1, as shown in figure 2, and each area comprises 10 bosses;
2) according to the attached figure 1, 3 screw jacks are used for placing the part 1 on the surface of a platform in a 3-point uniform distribution supporting mode;
3) leveling the surface formed by the supporting positions at the 3 positions, ensuring that the parallelism degree with the surface of the platform is 0.002mm, and measuring and recording the distance H between each boss on the upper end surface of the part and a reference surface formed by the supporting positions at the 3 positions by using a dial indicator1，H2，H3……H60Each boss records data;
4) rotating the 3 supporting points clockwise or anticlockwise by one area, and respectively supporting the part 1 at the second critical area, the third critical area, the fourth critical area, the fifth critical area, the sixth critical area and the first critical area, as shown in figure 2;
5) leveling the surface formed by the supporting positions at the positions 3 again, wherein the parallelism between the surface of the platform and the surface of the platform is 0.002mm, and measuring and recording the distance h between each boss on the upper end surface of the part and the reference surface formed by the supporting positions at the positions 3 by using a dial indicator1，h2，h3……h60Each boss records data;
6) equally dividing the part into 6 areas at different positions, repeating the steps 1) to 5) for 3-6 times, and determining the maximum value of the surface H or H of the part, namely the lowest point L (shown in figure 2) of the surface of the part, wherein the distance between the lowest point of the part and a three-point support reference plane is 0.010 mm.
7) The supporting position of the part at the moment is marked as A, B, C (figure 2), the plane formed by three-point leveling of A, B, C is marked as an M surface, and the distance H between the upper end surface of the part and the M surface at the moment is measured and recorded1，H2，H3……H60The J-curve is drawn with reference to FIG. 4.
8) Rotating the supporting points at 3 positions by one area clockwise or anticlockwise, recording the position of a jack, marking the position as D, E, F (figure 2), leveling the plane formed by the points at 3 positions, marking the plane as an M surface, and measuring and recording the distance h between the upper end surface of the part and the M surface at the moment1，h2，h3……h60The L-curve is plotted with reference to fig. 4.
9) Scraping the upper end face of the part according to the symmetry of the J curve and the L curve about the M surface;
10) the distance between the L point and the M surface is 0.01mm, so that after the end surface of the part is scraped, H of the attached figure 2 is ensured1，H5,H9，h3，h11,h7The distance is 0.01 +/-0.002 mm, and the integral displacement trend is shown in figure 3;
11) according to the formula (H) from the scraped J curve and L curven+hn) And/2, calculating the height value of each detection point, and then obtaining a fitting curve K (shown in figure 4), wherein the difference value delta H between the highest point and the lowest point of the curve K is the planeness of the scraped surface of the part, and the delta H after the part is scraped is 0.003, namely the scraped surface meets the requirement.
12) And grinding the part by using a single-plane grinder at the rotating speed of 10r/min until scraping marks are eliminated, and ensuring the roughness Ra0.2.
The invention has not been described in detail in part in the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A plane scraping method for a high-precision ring part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, equally dividing the surface of the ring part into N areas, wherein N is more than 3;
s2, supporting the ring-shaped parts on the platform by using a supporting device, wherein the supporting positions are respectively located at the critical positions of the region and are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
s3, leveling the upper surface of the part corresponding to the supporting position, taking the upper surface as a reference surface, enabling the upper surface to be parallel to the surface of the platform, and measuring and marking the distance H between the upper end surface of the ring-shaped part and the reference surface1，H2，…，Hi…，HnN is the number of test locations;
s4, rotating the supporting position by one region clockwise or anticlockwise to the critical position of the adjacent region;
s5, leveling the upper surface of the part corresponding to the supporting position, taking the upper surface as a reference surface, and enabling the upper surface to be parallel to the surface of the platform; measuring and marking distance h between upper end surface of ring part and reference surface1，h2，…，hi…，hn；
S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 for preset times to find the part HiOr hiThe position is the lowest point L of the part, the position O of the supporting device at the moment is recorded, and the reference surface of the supporting device is recorded as the theoretical plane M surface of the part;
s7, supporting the ring-shaped part according to the supporting position O, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end face of the part and the surface M, and drawing a surface shape trend J curve of the upper end face of the part;
s8, rotating the supporting positions O clockwise or anticlockwise to the critical positions of adjacent areas for transposition supporting, and leveling the supporting positions to form a plane serving as a theoretical plane M of the part;
s9, measuring and recording the distance between each position of the upper end surface of the ring part and the theoretical plane M of the part in S8, and drawing a trend L curve of the upper end surface shape of the ring part after transposition support under an S7 trend curve coordinate system;
s10, obtaining height values of all test positions according to the J curve and the L curve, and fitting a plane precision K curve, wherein the symmetry delta H of the K curve relative to the theoretical plane M of the part is the surface precision of the part before scraping and grinding; identifying the position of a high point according to the symmetry of the K curve about the M surface, and then scraping to ensure that the symmetry of the J curve and the L curve of the scraped part about the M surface meets the precision requirement;
s11, repeating S7-S10, fitting a scraped ring part plane precision K curve again according to S10, wherein the maximum height difference delta H of the fitted curve is the planeness of the scraped surface, judging whether the planeness delta H meets the precision requirement, and if so, turning to S12; otherwise, scraping according to S10, and repeating S7-S11 until the flatness delta H meets the precision requirement;
and S12, grinding the scraping processing trace to ensure the surface roughness requirement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter A of the part is in the following range: parts with the diameter phi of 200mm or more and the diameter phi of 2000mm or less, the diameter-to-width ratio of 25 or more and the diameter-to-thickness ratio of 20 or more are supported by using multiple points, the number of the supporting positions is determined according to the diameter, the diameter phi of 200mm or more and the diameter phi of 800mm or less, and the supporting positions are supported at 3 positions; supporting at a position where phi is more than 800mm and less than or equal to phi A and less than or equal to phi 1200mm at 3-4 positions; supporting at the position 4-5, wherein phi is more than 1200mm and less than phi A and less than or equal to phi 2000 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the number of divisional areas N is 2 times the number of support positions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the parallelism value of the plane formed after the upper end surface corresponding to the supporting position is leveled and the surface of the platform is 1/2-1/3 of the part machining precision.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in S12, the scratch processing trace is ground off using a flat grinder.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the rotating speed of the plane grinder is not higher than 10 r/min.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: according to J curve and L curve, according to the formula (H)i+hi) And/2, obtaining the height value of each test position i.
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| GB1347880A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1974-02-27 | Lidkoepings Mekaniska Verkstad | Devices for holding ring-shaped workpieces |
| CN101693309A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-04-14 | 济南二机床集团有限公司 | Datum mark method scraping process |
| CN102416496A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-04-18 | 常州宝菱重工机械有限公司 | Method for eliminating bending deformation of rolling mill-type heavy part |
| CN102632456A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-15 | 苏州江源精密机械有限公司 | Plane scraping method based on flatness measurement |
| CN103921145A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-16 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Clamping method for controlling machining deformation of precision ring thin-walled parts |
| CN106475790A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-08 | 河海大学常州校区 | Deep camber thin-wall part multi-point support localization method, flexible frock and establishing method |
| CN110052881A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-26 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of complex parts multistation conversion machining benchmark aligning method |
| CN110695732A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-17 | 西京学院 | Automatic centering clamp for large annular thin-wall part |
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2021
- 2021-03-25 CN CN202110321738.8A patent/CN113084595B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1347880A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1974-02-27 | Lidkoepings Mekaniska Verkstad | Devices for holding ring-shaped workpieces |
| CN101693309A (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-04-14 | 济南二机床集团有限公司 | Datum mark method scraping process |
| CN102416496A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-04-18 | 常州宝菱重工机械有限公司 | Method for eliminating bending deformation of rolling mill-type heavy part |
| CN102632456A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-15 | 苏州江源精密机械有限公司 | Plane scraping method based on flatness measurement |
| CN103921145A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-16 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Clamping method for controlling machining deformation of precision ring thin-walled parts |
| CN106475790A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-08 | 河海大学常州校区 | Deep camber thin-wall part multi-point support localization method, flexible frock and establishing method |
| CN110052881A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-26 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of complex parts multistation conversion machining benchmark aligning method |
| CN110695732A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-17 | 西京学院 | Automatic centering clamp for large annular thin-wall part |
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