CN110732918B - Complex multistage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and grinding processing method - Google Patents
Complex multistage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and grinding processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110732918B CN110732918B CN201911101504.1A CN201911101504A CN110732918B CN 110732918 B CN110732918 B CN 110732918B CN 201911101504 A CN201911101504 A CN 201911101504A CN 110732918 B CN110732918 B CN 110732918B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
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- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring method and a grinding processing method for a complicated multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip, which comprises the steps of firstly precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by utilizing an auxiliary tool (a dial indicator and a center aligning tip), measuring on a precise numerical control device by a dial indicator to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip, because the precision numerical control equipment has high positioning precision, the lever dial indicator can be accurately moved to a target point to be measured by the pressure gauge through the numerical control operation system, the accurate coordinates of the target points of the pressure gauge can be recorded and displayed on the machine tool, the actual size (including radius and angle) of the tip of the cone blade is calculated and obtained by utilizing a coordinate data derivation formula of each target point, the precise measurement of the size of the tip of the cone blade is realized under the condition of one-time clamping and alignment, and the problem of size detection in the machining process of the existing multistage cone blade rotor and stator parts is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeroengine blade measurement, in particular to a complicated multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method, and further relates to a complicated multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator grinding method.
Background
Aeroengine rotor stator (rotor and stator) leaf profile structure is complicated, and the processing degree of difficulty is big, wherein especially uses the abrasive machining of awl blade apex to be the most, and apex size precision requirement is high usually, and the size is difficult for guaranteeing, and blade structure rigidity is poor, can take place to dodge the deformation among the grinding process, need measure the compensation processing repeatedly, and tapering blade apex size can't be measured through general measuring tool, and the special measuring tool design degree of difficulty is big, consequently adopts usually and takes "three-coordinate allowance metering method": the allowance is determined by metering through the three-coordinate metering instrument, the feed of the grinding wheel is controlled according to the allowance, the three-coordinate metering instrument is used for detecting whether the grinding wheel is qualified or not, the grinding wheel is repaired if the grinding wheel is unqualified, the three-coordinate metering instrument needs 3-6 times of metering repeatedly, the defect is obvious, and the defects are specifically that:
1. the processing efficiency is low; because of the tight dimensional tolerance of parts and the poor rigidity of blades, the difference between the theoretical feed amount of a grinding wheel and the actual material removal amount is large during grinding, the feed is difficult to be qualified under the condition of known allowance, in order to ensure the size, the allowance must be repeatedly measured, and the clamping and alignment processing must be repeatedly carried out, so that the period is long.
2. The qualified rate of parts is low; the precision requirement of the rotor and the stator is high, the processing difficulty is high, the repeated clamping and aligning errors of the parts, the repeated tool setting errors of the grinding wheel, the errors of the metering process and the repeated disassembly and collision damage of the parts seriously affect the processing quality of the parts.
3. Equipment resource waste; 1) the blade has multiple stages, multiple sizes, multiple metering times, high difficulty, long metering waiting time and large occupation of metering equipment resources; 2) in order to avoid the error of the grinding wheel during tool setting, the numerical control grinding machine needs to be empty when measuring parts, and other parts cannot be machined, so that the critical bottleneck equipment resource is seriously wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a complicated multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and a grinding processing method, and aims to solve the technical problems that the size measurement is complicated, parts need to be repeatedly measured and clamped and aligned in the existing multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator part processing process.
According to one aspect of the invention, a complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator to play a table, and obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of a workpiece, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator, and the direction of the dial indicator playing of the dial indicator is consistent when coordinates are collected and different target points are measured;
4) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position according to an axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip obtained in the step 3), and acquiring a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1| is + before and vice versa, "; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+".
Further, the method also comprises the step of measuring the angle of the blade tip, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a = arctan { [ | X4-X3| ]/| Z4-Z3| } of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured.
Further, when a dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
And further, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be detected and deviates 0.001mm from the surface of the workpiece to be detected.
Further, in step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a lever dial indicator is used for aligning the cylindrical section of the centering point alignment center, the position of the centering point alignment center is adjusted to ensure that the dial reading of the lever dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the centering point alignment center rotates for a whole circle, and then the lever dial indicator is used for checking that the runout of the conical section of the centering point alignment center is not more than 0.01.
Further, the gauge head radius of the dial indicator is not more than 1 mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a complex multistage tapered blade rotor and stator grinding method, comprising the steps of:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator to play a table, and obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of a workpiece, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator, and the direction of the dial indicator playing of the dial indicator is consistent when coordinates are collected and different target points are measured;
4) collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a = arctan { [ | X4-X3| ]/| Z4-Z3| } of the blade tip of the tested workpiece;
5) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece obtained in the step 3), wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1| is + before and vice versa, "; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+";
6) compensating and grinding the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the blade tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed until the machining allowance is reserved, measuring the radius size of the blade tip according to the steps 3) to 5), and continuing to feed after the allowance is determined until the final size is obtained.
Further, when a dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
And further, when a dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the blade workpiece.
Further, in step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a lever dial indicator is used for aligning the cylindrical section of the centering point alignment center, the position of the centering point alignment center is adjusted to ensure that the dial reading of the lever dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the centering point alignment center rotates for a whole circle, and then the lever dial indicator is used for checking that the runout of the conical section of the centering point alignment center is not more than 0.01.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for measuring the blade tip of a complicated multistage tapered blade rotor blade, which comprises the steps of firstly precisely aligning and determining the reference of a coordinate system by using an auxiliary tool (a dial indicator and a center centering tip), measuring on a precise numerical control device by a dial indicator to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip, because the precision numerical control equipment has high positioning precision, the lever dial indicator can be accurately moved to a target point to be measured by the pressure gauge through the numerical control operation system, the accurate coordinates of the target points of the pressure gauge can be recorded and displayed on the machine tool, the actual size (including radius and angle) of the tip of the cone blade is calculated and obtained by utilizing a coordinate data derivation formula of each target point, the precise measurement of the size of the tip of the cone blade is realized under the condition of one-time clamping and alignment, and the problem of size detection in the machining process of the existing multistage cone blade rotor and stator parts is solved.
The invention relates to a complex multistage taper blade rotor blade grinding processing method, which comprises the steps of firstly precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using an auxiliary tool (a dial indicator and a center aligning tip), measuring on a precise numerical control device by a dial indicator to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip, because the precision numerical control equipment has high positioning precision, the lever dial indicator can be accurately moved to a target point to be measured by the pressure gauge through the numerical control operation system, the accurate coordinates of the target points of the pressure gauge can be recorded and displayed on the machine tool, the actual size (including radius and angle) of the tip of the cone blade is calculated and obtained by utilizing a coordinate data derivation formula of each target point, the precise measurement of the size of the tip of the cone blade is realized under the condition of one-time clamping and alignment, and the problem of size detection in the machining process of the existing multistage cone blade rotor and stator parts is solved. According to the actual size of the blade tip obtained by measurement, compensation processing can be carried out, repeated metering and clamping alignment are avoided, and the grinding processing precision and the processing efficiency of the blade tip of the cone blade are improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Description of the drawings:
the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a complex multi-stage tapered vane rotor of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a complex multi-stage tapered vane stator of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the complex multi-stage tapered vane rotor clamping and alignment of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the clamping of a complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor on a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of coordinate acquisition using a dial indicator to measure coordinate data of a target point;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the measurement of the angular coordinates of the tip of a workpiece by a dial indicator.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a wheel disc; 2. mortises; 3. a conical blade; 4. a case; 5. a stator cone blade; 6. a clamp; 6-1, a base; 6-2, pressing a first plate; 6-3, pressing a second plate; 7. a dial indicator; 8. centering the center; 9. a work table; 10. a main shaft.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-stage tapered blade rotor of a certain type, as shown in fig. 1, the rotor is formed by connecting one-stage to four-stage wheel discs 1, and tapered blades 3 are installed in mortises 2 of the disc edges of each stage of wheel disc 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage cone blade stator of a certain type, as shown in fig. 2, the stator comprises a casing 4 and a stator cone blade 5, the casing 4 is a cylindrical or conical thin-walled cylinder, and the cone blade 5 is mounted on a groove or a tongue-and-groove on the inner wall of the casing 4.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained by taking blade tip measurement and grinding processing of a multistage cone blade rotor as an example, the principle and the method of the blade tip measurement and the grinding processing of the stator are the same as those of the rotor, the clamping fixtures and the clamping modes of the stator and the rotor are the same, one end of a workpiece is supported and fixed by a mounting edge, and a center dial indicator for correcting the tip of the gauge is arranged in the center of the fixture. The difference lies in that the blade of the rotor is positioned on the excircle of the part, the precise excircle of the centering center is used as the reference standard of the coordinate system, the blade of the stator is positioned in the inner hole of the part, and the measuring ring (the inner hole is aligned with the gauge ring) of the centering center is used as the reference standard of the coordinate system.
Example 1
Method for measuring blade tip of complex multi-stage cone blade rotor blade
The method for measuring the blade tip of the complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor blade comprises the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing the rotor workpiece on a clamp 6; as shown in figures 3 and 4, the clamp comprises a base 6-1, a first pressing plate 6-2 and a second pressing plate 6-3, the rotor workpiece is installed on the base 6-1 and is pressed and fixed by the first pressing plate 6-2, and the rotor workpiece is prevented from being displaced by cutting force during machining. The clamp 6 is fixed on a workbench 9 of the precise numerical control equipment through a pressing plate or magnetic force adsorption, so that the workpiece and the machine tool keep the correct relative position.
And establishing a reference coordinate system, taking the central line determined by aligning the precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis, and taking the reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, and establishing an X-Z coordinate system, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D. The precise excircle is the central reference of the rotor workpiece, and the diameter value of the precise excircle can be accurately measured by a universal measuring tool. The reference coordinate system in this embodiment is a virtual measurement coordinate system, and mainly functions to convert coordinate points collected by the dial indicator and based on the machine tool coordinate system as a position into the reference coordinate system for calculation and evaluation. The reference plane a is the reference plane specified in the design drawing to determine the axial position of other points, lines, or faces of the workpiece, from which the axial dimension on the workpiece is generally indicated.
2) A center centering point 8 is arranged on the clamp 6, and the centering point 8 is used for correcting the gauge head of the dial indicator 7; as shown in figure 3, the center centering center 8 and a common lathe center are similar in structure and comprise a stepped cylinder at the lower end and a cone at the upper end, and after the center centering center 8 is centered, the stepped surface of the center centering center is pressed and fixed through a second pressing plate 6-3. The center centering point 8 can also be fixed on the clamp 6 by other modes, such as screw fixation, in addition, the center centering point 8 can also be unfixed, the center centering point 8 is placed for alignment during measurement, after the head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected, the center centering point 8 can be taken away, the center centering point 8 is placed on the clamp 6 for alignment again and the head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected during next measurement, the method is usually used for measuring and processing the tip of a stator, and the interference between the center and a grinding wheel can occur due to the fact that the stator blade is inside the casing. The dial indicator 7 is installed on a main shaft 10 of the machine tool in an adsorption mode through a magnetic indicator frame, the main shaft 10 is controlled by the numerical control operating system to move linearly, meanwhile, a detection device inside the machine tool can detect and feed back position signals of the main shaft in a machine tool coordinate system and convert the position signals into specific digital symbols to be output, the dial indicator precisely moves to a target point through the machine tool main shaft and presses the indicator, and then accurate position coordinates of the main shaft at the target point in the machine tool coordinate system can be displayed on the machine tool.
3) Using a dial indicator 7 to beat and collect an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a precise excircle of a rotor blade tip on precise numerical control equipment to obtain an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a theoretical point D3 to be measured on the blade tip, wherein L is the offset of the theoretical point D3 to be measured on the blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator 7, and when coordinates are collected, the direction of beating the gauge head of different target points is measured to be consistent; when the dial indicator is used for acquiring the coordinates of a target point, the direction of a reference circle (a precise excircle) and the direction of a dial indicator head pressure gauge of a measured theoretical point of a blade tip must be consistent, and meanwhile, in order to avoid measurement errors, the dimensional reference and the reference center of a coordinate system need to be consistent, so that the precise excircle which is used as the dimensional reference is aligned to determine the coordinate system.
4) Moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip obtained in the step 3), wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1| is + before and otherwise is-after; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+".
As shown in fig. 5, the workpiece to be measured is a rotor in this embodiment, and the radius of the reference circle B is smaller than the radius of the blade tip, so that the radius of the measured blade tip Y = D/2 ± | X2-X1| -r × sin a × tan a.
In this embodiment, the blade of the workpiece to be measured is a conical blade and is influenced by the conical blade tip structure, the actual contact point of the gauge outfit and the blade tip and the theoretical point position have deviation when the dial indicator is used for marking the indicator, and the larger the angle of the blade tip is, the larger the deviation value is. When the blade tip angle of the workpiece blade is a, the radius of the head of the lever dial indicator is r, and the radial difference value between the pressure gauge point and the theoretical point of the blade tip is L2 (namely the deviation between the measured value and the actual value), the method can obtain the radial difference value
L2= r×sin a×tan a
Namely, the L2 value is in direct proportion to the tip angle a, the measurement error caused by the alignment of the gauge outfit is negligible, therefore, the influence of the tip angle is considered, and the rear tip radius (namely the distance from the measured theoretical point of the tip to the center) is compensated, namely Y = D/2 +/-X2-X1 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a. And (3) selecting whether to ignore the tolerance strictness degree of the measured size according to the r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a, wherein the general aeroengine rotor stator blade tip radius tolerance reaches +/-0.02, and when the blade tip angle is not more than 2 degrees, the influence of the error factor can be selected to be ignored.
The method for measuring the complicated multistage cone blade rotor blade tip of the embodiment comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center centering table top), measuring by using the dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a precise excircle and a measured theoretical point of the blade tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operation system to measure a pressure gauge due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying precise coordinates of the target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining the actual size (including radius and angle) of the cone blade tip by using coordinate data derivation formulas of each target point, precisely measuring the tip size of the cone blade under the condition of one-time alignment, and solving the size detection problem in the processing process of the conventional multistage cone blade rotor and stator part, according to the actual size of the blade tip obtained by measurement, compensation processing can be carried out, repeated metering and clamping alignment are avoided, and the grinding processing precision and the processing efficiency of the blade tip of the cone blade are improved.
In this embodiment, the method further includes measuring an angle of a blade tip, and the specific method includes:
coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the surface of the blade tip are collected by a dial indicator,
the angle of the blade tip a = arctan { [ | X4-X3| ]/| Z4-Z3| }.
The X3 and the X4 can be used for measuring two points on the conical surface of the blade tip, but in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the distance between the two points on the conical surface of the blade tip is far as possible, and the shorter the distance between the two points is, the system error generated by the measurement is amplified when the calculation is carried out, and the measurement accuracy is influenced. As shown in fig. 6, the position on the blade tip
And position
The coordinate values of (A) and (B) are respectively (X3, Z3), (X4 and Z4), the radial distance value of the two points at the blade tip is | X4-X3|, the axial distance value is | Z4-Z3|, the axial and radial distances of the blade tip conical surface and the two points form a right triangle, and the blade tip angle a = arctan { | X4-X3|/| Z4-Z3| } is obtained through the arctan function of the right triangle function.
Such as: taking the second stage blade processing in FIG. 1 as an example, referring to FIG. 6, the position is measured by a dial indicator
Is (714.422, 433), position
The coordinate values of (713.77,428) and then the blade tip angle a = arctan { [714.422-713.77|/2 |)]/|433-428|}=arctan0.0652=3.73°。
Referring to fig. 5, it was determined that: the diameter D =300mm of the reference circle B, the gauge head diameter D = phi 1.98mm of the lever dial indicator, L =68.5mm is determined by a drawing, and the position is measured by marking with the lever dial indicator
(point D1 on reference plane a) axial coordinate value Z1=500, position
At (a point D2 on the precise excircle) the radial coordinate value X1=600, the axial coordinate Z2= Z1-L-D/2=500-68.5-0.99=430.51 of the measured theoretical point of the blade tip; when the head Z of the lever dial indicator moves to the coordinate 430.51 and the pressure is expressed to obtain X2=709.6, the radius of the blade tip Y = D/2+ | X2-X1|/2-r × sin a × tan a =150+ (709.6-600)/2-0.99 × sin 3.73 ° × tan 3.73 ° =204.796 mm.
In the embodiment, when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the angle between the dial indicator and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees. Therefore, the lever dial indicator can be guaranteed to press the indicator to measure coordinate values in the radial direction and the axial direction of the workpiece. After the angle correction center of the lever dial indicator is adjusted, the position is collected in the same measurement process
Thirdly, the angle of the meter rod is fixed. If the lever dial indicator is re-corrected to measure, the angle of the indicator rod is inconsistent with that of the last measurement, the relative positions of the indicator point (workpiece target point) and the main shaft are inconsistent, but the angle is unchanged in the process of collecting the target point in the same measurement, although the coordinate value (the position coordinate of the main shaft in the machine tool coordinate system) of the same target point collected each time is changed, the relative position of the target points is still unchanged, and in the formula for calculating the radius and the angle of the indicator tip, the relative distance between the target points is only substituted forAnd the measurement precision is not influenced by calculation.
In this embodiment, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of the target points, the head of the dial indicator contacts with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001 towards the surface of the blade workpiece. The lever dial indicator is used as an intermediate medium for transmitting the actual position information of the target point of the workpiece, the gauge head presses the gauge quantity in each time, namely the relative position of the gauge point pressing gauge point (the target point of the workpiece) and the spindle is constant, and therefore the position information of the target point of the workpiece can be calibrated through the position coordinate of the spindle in the coordinate system of the machine tool. When the dial indicator is used for measuring the coordinate values of the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001 towards the surface of the blade workpiece, namely the head is pressed down by 0.001, in the measurement of each point, because the coordinate values of the two target points are subtracted when the radius and the angle of the blade tip are calculated, the deviation of 0.001 is mutually offset, the measurement precision is not influenced, if the dial indicator does not press 0.001, whether the head is in contact with the surface of the workpiece or not can not be determined only by visual observation, namely the position reaching the target point can not be determined.
In this embodiment, in step 2), the specific step of centering the center centering point by the center is as follows: firstly, a lever dial indicator is used for aligning the cylindrical section of the centering point alignment center, the position of the centering point alignment center is adjusted to ensure that the dial reading of the lever dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the centering point alignment center rotates for a whole circle, and then the lever dial indicator is used for checking that the runout of the conical section of the centering point alignment center is not more than 0.01. The runout is not more than 0.01 during alignment, the measurement error can be ignored, and after the center is aligned with the centering tip, the center of the center is consistent with the center of the rotor workpiece.
In the embodiment, the radius of the gauge head of the lever dial gauge is not more than 1 mm. After the center aligns the center of the center alignment point, the center of the center is consistent with the center of the rotor workpiece, the dial indicator head is moved to the position right above the center alignment point, the indicator head is visually checked and adjusted to enable the center of the indicator head to be consistent with the center of the center alignment point, and therefore the indicator head is corrected to be concentric with the workpiece. The smaller the gauge head radius of the lever dial gauge is, the smaller the error when the gauge head and the workpiece are concentrically checked visually is, when the gauge head radius is not more than 1mm, the alignment error is not more than 0.5, and the measurement error can be ignored. In another embodiment, the vertex of the precise excircle can be aligned by moving the dial indicator tip, so that the vertex is aligned with the center of the workpiece. The reason is that when the size of the blade tip is calculated, the precise excircle is taken as a reference circle, the actual radius of the reference circle needs to be substituted for calculation, and in an X-Z coordinate system, only the distance from the highest point of the circumference of the precise excircle to the center is equal to the radius of the circle, so that the gauge head is required to acquire coordinates at the highest point of the original circumference to be measured during measurement, and the accuracy of measurement can be ensured. If the center of the gauge head deviates from the X axis, the position of the gauge head pressing and gauge taking point is not at the highest point of the circumference, and a measurement error is generated. On the numerical control machining center with three shafts and more than three shafts, the dial indicator head can be controlled by the numerical control system to move linearly to align the highest point of the excircle.
Example 2
The complicated multi-stage tapered blade rotor grinding method is the same as the blade tip measuring method in the embodiment 1 when the actual sizes (including the radius and the angle of the blade tip) of the blade tip after each grinding are required to be measured in the grinding process.
A grinding processing method for a complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor comprises the following steps:
1) the blades at all levels of the rotor are mutually crossed, wound and fastened by cotton ropes respectively, and wax is filled in gaps between adjacent blades to enhance the rigidity of a workpiece system, reduce the avoiding deformation of the blades during grinding and improve the processing precision;
then clamping and fixing the rotor workpiece on a clamp; as shown in figures 3 and 4, the clamp 6 comprises a base 6-1, a first pressing plate 6-2 and a second pressing plate 6-3, and the rotor workpiece is arranged on the base 6-1 and is pressed and fixed by the first pressing plate 6-2, so that the rotor workpiece is prevented from being displaced by cutting force during machining. The clamp 6 is fixed on a workbench 9 of the precise numerical control equipment through a pressing plate or magnetic force adsorption, so that the workpiece and the machine tool keep the correct relative position.
And establishing a reference coordinate system, taking the central line determined by aligning the precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis, and taking the reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, and establishing an X-Z coordinate system, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D. The precise excircle is the central reference of the rotor workpiece, and the diameter value of the precise excircle can be accurately measured by a universal measuring tool. The reference coordinate system in this embodiment is a virtual measurement coordinate system, and mainly functions to convert coordinate points collected by the dial indicator and based on the machine tool coordinate system as a position into the reference coordinate system for calculation and evaluation. The reference plane a is the reference plane specified in the design drawing to determine the axial position of other points, lines, or faces of the workpiece, from which the axial dimension on the workpiece is generally indicated.
2) A center centering point 8 is arranged on the clamp 6, and the centering point 8 is used for correcting the gauge head of the dial indicator 7; as shown in FIG. 3, the center centering center 8 and a common lathe center are similar in structure and comprise a lower stepped cylinder and an upper cone, and after the center centering center 8 is centered, the stepped surface of the center centering center 8 is pressed and fixed through a second pressing plate 6-3. The center centering point 8 can also be fixed on the clamp 6 by other modes, such as screw fixation, in addition, the center centering point 8 can also be unfixed, the center centering point 8 is placed for alignment during measurement, after the head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected, the center centering point 8 can be taken away, the center centering point 8 is placed on the clamp 6 for alignment again and the head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected during next measurement, the method is usually used for measuring and processing the tip of a stator, and the interference between the center and a grinding wheel can occur due to the fact that the stator blade is inside the casing. The dial indicator 7 is installed on a main shaft 10 of the machine tool in an adsorption mode through a magnetic indicator frame, the main shaft 10 is controlled by the numerical control operating system to move linearly, meanwhile, a detection device inside the machine tool can detect and feed back position signals of the main shaft in a machine tool coordinate system and convert the position signals into specific digital symbols to be output, the dial indicator precisely moves to a target point through the machine tool main shaft and presses the indicator, and then accurate position coordinates of the main shaft at the target point in the machine tool coordinate system can be displayed on the machine tool.
3) Using a dial indicator 7 to beat and collect an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a measuring ring of a stator blade tip or a precise excircle of a rotor blade tip on a precise numerical control device to obtain an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator 7, and when coordinates are collected, the direction of beating the gauge head of different target points is measured to be consistent; when the dial gauge 7 is used for calibrating and acquiring the coordinates of a target point, the direction of a reference circle (a precise excircle) and the direction of a gauge head pressing gauge of the dial gauge 7 of a measured theoretical point of a blade tip must be consistent, and meanwhile, in order to avoid measurement errors, the dimensional reference and the reference center of a coordinate system need to be consistent, so that the precise excircle which is used as the dimensional reference is aligned to determine the coordinate system.
4) Coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4 and Z4) of any two points on the surface of the blade tip are collected by a lever dial indicator, and then the angle a = arctan { [ | X4-X3 { (X3978) } of the blade tip]/| Z4-Z3| }. The X3 and the X4 can be used for measuring two points on the conical surface of the blade tip, but in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the distance between the two points on the conical surface of the blade tip is far as possible, and the shorter the distance between the two points is, the system error generated by the measurement is amplified when the calculation is carried out, and the measurement accuracy is influenced. As shown in fig. 6, the position on the blade tip
And position
The coordinate values of (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) respectively, the radial distance value of the two points on the blade tip is | X4-X3|, the axial distance value is | Z4-Z3|, the axial and radial distances of the conical surface of the blade tip and the two points form a right triangle, and the blade tip angle a = arctan { [ | X4-X3| is obtained through the arctangent function of the right triangle function]/|Z4-Z3|}。
Position measurement by lever dial indicator
Is (714.422, 433), position
The coordinate value of (713.77, 428), the blade tip angle a = arctan { [714.422-713.77|/2 { (713.77, 428) { (A) } { (B) } C)]/|433-428|}=arctan0.0652=3.73°。
5) And 3) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip obtained in the step 3), and calculating to obtain the radius Y of the measured blade tip, wherein Y = D/2 +/-X2-X1 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a.
Taking the second stage blade machining of FIG. 1 as an example, and referring to FIG. 5, measurements were made of: the diameter D =300mm of the reference circle B, the gauge head diameter D = phi 1.98mm of the lever dial indicator, L =68.5mm is determined by a drawing, and the position is measured by marking with the lever dial indicator
(point D1 on reference plane a) axial coordinate value Z1=500, position
At (a point D2 on the precise excircle) the radial coordinate value X1=600, the axial coordinate Z2= Z1-L-D/2=500-68.5-0.99=430.51 of the measured theoretical point of the blade tip; when the head Z of the lever dial indicator moves to the coordinate 430.51 and the pressure is expressed to obtain X2=709.6, the radius Y = D/2 ± | X2-X1|/2 ± r × sin a × tan a =150+ (709.6-600)/2-0.99 × sin 3.7 ° × tan 3.7 ° =204.796 mm.
6) Compensating the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed until the machining allowance is reserved, measuring the tip radius size according to the steps 3) to 5), determining the allowance, and continuing to feed until the final size is obtained. Such as: according to the result calculated in the step 4), the tip angle of the conical blade is 3.73 degrees, the requirement of 3.7 degrees +/-5' is met, and the conical blade can not be polished; if the calculation result does not meet the requirement, calculating the deviation between the measured value and the designed value, compensating the deviation through a numerical control system, then controlling a diamond pen to polish the taper of the grinding wheel, and obtaining the radius Y of the tip of the cone blade of 204.796mm according to the calculation in the step 5), wherein the final size of the tip is R204.42 +/-0.02, and the machining allowance is the sum of the measurement result and the final size: 204.796-204.42=0.376 mm; and (3) continuing to feed the blade for 0.3mm until a margin of 0.05-0.1 mm is reserved, measuring the radius size of the blade tip to be 204.5mm according to the step 3) and the step 5), measuring the margin of 204.5-204.42=0.08mm, and processing the blade tip to be the final size after determining the margin (the blade tip can be re-measured to be the final size after reserving the margin of 0.01-0.03 mm according to the strict degree of tolerance).
The method for grinding the complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor blade of the embodiment comprises the steps of firstly precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using an auxiliary tool (a dial indicator and a center centering tip), measuring the coordinate values of a reference plane A, a precise excircle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator, because the precision numerical control equipment has high positioning precision, the lever dial indicator can be accurately moved to a target point to be measured by the pressure gauge through the numerical control operation system, the accurate coordinates of the target points of the pressure gauge can be recorded and displayed on the machine tool, the actual size (including radius and angle) of the tip of the cone blade is calculated and obtained by utilizing a coordinate data derivation formula of each target point, the precise measurement of the size of the tip of the cone blade is realized under the condition of one-time clamping and alignment, and the problem of size detection in the machining process of the existing multistage cone blade rotor and stator parts is solved. According to the actual size of the blade tip obtained by measurement, compensation processing can be carried out, repeated metering and clamping alignment are avoided, and the grinding processing precision and the processing efficiency of the blade tip of the cone blade are improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the rotating and static blade tips of a complex multi-stage cone blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as a plane of an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as a plane of an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator to play a table, and obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of a workpiece, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator, and the direction of the dial indicator playing of the dial indicator is consistent when coordinates are collected and different target points are measured;
4) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece obtained in the step 3), wherein the radius Y = D/2 +/-X2-X1 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, r is the radius of the head of the dial indicator, when the radius D/2 of a reference circle is smaller than the radius of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, | X2-X1| is + in front, and vice versa is-in front; when the blade tip of the tested workpiece is a rotor blade tip, the front of r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and when the blade tip of the tested workpiece is a stator blade tip, the front of r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "+".
2. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
the method also comprises the step of measuring the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece a = arctan (| X4-X3|/| Z4-Z3 |).
3. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1 or 2,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
4. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 3,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be detected and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the workpiece to be detected.
5. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
in the step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a lever dial indicator is used for aligning the cylindrical section of the centering point alignment center, the position of the centering point alignment center is adjusted to ensure that the dial reading of the lever dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the centering point alignment center rotates for a whole circle, and then the lever dial indicator is used for checking that the runout of the conical section of the centering point alignment center is not more than 0.01.
6. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
the gauge head radius of the lever dial indicator is not more than 1 mm.
7. A complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator grinding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as a plane of an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as a plane of an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator to play a table, and obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2= Z1-L-D/2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of a workpiece, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator, and the direction of the dial indicator playing of the dial indicator is consistent when coordinates are collected and different target points are measured;
4) collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a of the blade tip of the tested workpiece = arctan (| X4-X3|/| Z4-Z3 |);
5) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece obtained in the step 3), wherein the radius Y = D/2 +/-X2-X1 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, r is the radius of the head of the dial indicator, when the radius D/2 of a reference circle is smaller than the radius of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, | X2-X1| is + in front, and vice versa is-in front; when the blade tip of the tested workpiece is a rotor blade tip, the front of r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and when the blade tip of the tested workpiece is a stator blade tip, the front of r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "+";
6) compensating and grinding the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip of the measured workpiece obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the workpiece blade tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed and cut off part of the machining allowance, measuring the radius size of the blade tip of the workpiece according to the steps 3) to 5), and continuing to feed and machine after determining the allowance until the final size is obtained.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the blade workpiece.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
in the step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a lever dial indicator is used for aligning the cylindrical section of the centering point alignment center, the position of the centering point alignment center is adjusted to ensure that the dial reading of the lever dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the centering point alignment center rotates for a whole circle, and then the lever dial indicator is used for checking that the runout of the conical section of the centering point alignment center is not more than 0.01.
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