CN110732918A - Complex multistage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and grinding processing method - Google Patents
Complex multistage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and grinding processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110732918A CN110732918A CN201911101504.1A CN201911101504A CN110732918A CN 110732918 A CN110732918 A CN 110732918A CN 201911101504 A CN201911101504 A CN 201911101504A CN 110732918 A CN110732918 A CN 110732918A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
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- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and a grinding processing method, which comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center alignment center), measuring on a precise numerical control device by using the dial indicator to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operating system for pressure gauge measurement due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying the precise coordinate of the target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining the actual size (including radius and angle) of the cone blade tip by using coordinate data derivation formulas of the target points, realizing precise measurement of the cone blade tip size under the condition of times of clamping alignment, and solving the size detection problem in the existing multi-stage cone blade rotor part processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeroengine blade measurement, in particular to complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measurement methods, and further relates to complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator grinding processing methods.
Background
Aeroengine rotor stator (rotor and stator) leaf profile structure is complicated, and the processing degree of difficulty is big, wherein especially uses the abrasive machining of awl blade apex to be the most, and apex size precision requirement is high usually, and the size is difficult for guaranteeing, and blade structure rigidity is poor, can take place to dodge the deformation among the grinding process, need measure the compensation processing repeatedly, and tapering blade apex size can't be measured through general measuring tool, and the special measuring tool design degree of difficulty is big, consequently adopts usually and takes "three-coordinate allowance metering method": the allowance is determined by metering through the three-coordinate metering instrument, the feed of the grinding wheel is controlled according to the allowance, the three-coordinate metering instrument is used for detecting whether the grinding wheel is qualified or not, the grinding wheel is repaired if the grinding wheel is unqualified, the three-coordinate metering instrument needs 3-6 times of metering repeatedly, the defect is obvious, and the defects are specifically that:
1. the processing efficiency is low; because of the tight dimensional tolerance of parts and the poor rigidity of blades, the difference between the theoretical feed amount of a grinding wheel and the actual material removal amount is large during grinding, the feed is difficult to be qualified under the condition of known allowance, in order to ensure the size, the allowance must be repeatedly measured, and the clamping and alignment processing must be repeatedly carried out, so that the period is long.
2. The qualified rate of parts is low; the precision requirement of the rotor and the stator is high, the processing difficulty is high, the repeated clamping and aligning errors of the parts, the repeated tool setting errors of the grinding wheel, the errors of the metering process and the repeated disassembly and collision damage of the parts seriously affect the processing quality of the parts.
3. Equipment resource waste; 1) the blade has multiple stages, multiple sizes, multiple metering times, high difficulty, long metering waiting time and large occupation of metering equipment resources; 2) in order to avoid the error of the grinding wheel during tool setting, the numerical control grinding machine needs to be empty when measuring parts, and other parts cannot be machined, so that the critical bottleneck equipment resource is seriously wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a complex multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator blade tip measuring method and a grinding method, which are used for solving the technical problems that the size measurement is complicated, parts need to be repeatedly measured and clamped and aligned in the existing multi-stage cone blade rotor and stator part machining process.
According to aspects of the present invention, there are provided complex multi-stage cone blade rotor-stator tip measurement methods, comprising the steps of:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any points D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any points D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator, obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of a workpiece blade tip, namely Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the workpiece blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the gauge head diameter of the dial indicator, and when coordinates are collected, the gauge head of the dial indicator is measured in the gauge head making direction of different target points;
4) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position according to an axial coordinate axis Z2 of the theoretical point D3 of the measured blade tip obtained in the step 3) to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the theoretical point D3 of the measured blade tip of the workpiece, so that the radius Y of the blade tip of the measured workpiece is D/2 +/-X2-X1/2 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1/2 is plus before "+" and vice versa "-"; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+".
, measuring the angle of the blade tip, the method comprises:
collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a of the blade tip of the measured workpiece is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| }.
, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate value of each target point, the head of the dial indicator contacts with the surface of the workpiece to be measured and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the workpiece to be measured.
, in the step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the steps of aligning the cylindrical section of the center centering point by using a dial indicator pressure gauge, adjusting the position of the center centering point to ensure that the dial reading of the dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the center centering point rotates for a full circle, and then checking that the cone section jump of the center centering point is not more than 0.01 by using the dial indicator.
, the radius of the head of the dial indicator is not more than 1 mm.
According to another aspects of the invention, there are also provided complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor and stator grinding methods, comprising the steps of:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any points D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any points D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator, obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of a workpiece blade tip, namely Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the workpiece blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the gauge head diameter of the dial indicator, and when coordinates are collected, the gauge head of the dial indicator is measured in the gauge head making direction of different target points;
4) coordinate values (X3, Z3) and (X4, Z4) of any two points on the surface of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured are collected by a lever dial indicator, and the angle a of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| };
5) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position according to an axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece obtained in the step 3), and acquiring a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, the front part of the reference circle radius D/2 is +/-2-X1 +/-2 is +/-and otherwise is +/-,; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+";
6) compensating and grinding the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the blade tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed until the machining allowance is reserved, measuring the radius size of the blade tip according to the steps 3) to 5), and continuing to feed after the allowance is determined until the final size is obtained.
, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
, when the dial indicator is used for recording the coordinate values of the target points, the head of the dial indicator contacts with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the blade workpiece.
, in the step 2), the alignment specifically comprises the steps of aligning the cylindrical section of the center centering point by using a dial indicator pressure gauge, adjusting the position of the center centering point to ensure that the dial reading of the dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the center centering point rotates for a full circle, and then checking that the cone section jump of the center centering point is not more than 0.01 by using the dial indicator.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for measuring the tip of a complicated multistage cone blade rotor blade, which comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center alignment center), measuring by using the dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of the tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operation system for pressure gauge measurement due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying the precise coordinates of the target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining the actual size (including radius and angle) of the cone blade tip by using coordinate data derivation formulas of each target point, precisely measuring the tip size of the cone blade under the condition of times of clamping alignment, and solving the size detection problem in the processing process of the conventional multistage cone blade rotor component.
The invention discloses a complex multistage cone blade rotor blade grinding processing method, which comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center checking table top), measuring by using the dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a reference circle and a measured theoretical point of a blade tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operation system to measure a pressure gauge due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying the precise coordinate of the target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining the actual size (including radius and angle) of the cone blade tip by using coordinate data derivation formulas of each target point, precisely measuring the size of the cone blade tip under the condition of times of clamping alignment, solving the size detection problem in the processing process of the rotor and stator part of the existing multistage cone blade, performing compensation processing according to the measured actual size of the blade tip, avoiding repeated metering, clamping alignment, and improving the grinding processing precision and the processing efficiency of the cone blade tip.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages as will become apparent from the following detailed description which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof , are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a complex multi-stage tapered vane rotor of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a complex multi-stage tapered vane stator of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the complex multi-stage tapered vane rotor clamping and alignment of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the clamping of a complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor on a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of coordinate acquisition using a dial indicator to measure coordinate data of a target point;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the measurement of the angular coordinates of the tip of a workpiece by a dial indicator.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. the device comprises a wheel disc, 2 parts of a mortise, 3 parts of a conical blade, 4 parts of a casing, 5 parts of a stator conical blade, 6 parts of a clamp, 6-1 parts of a base, 6-2 parts of a pressure plate , 6-3 parts of a pressure plate II, 7 parts of a lever dial indicator, 8 parts of a center meter-aligning tip, 9 parts of a workbench, 10 parts of a main shaft.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-stage tapered blade rotor of a certain type, as shown in fig. 1, the rotor is formed by connecting to four-stage wheel discs 1, and tapered blades 3 are installed in mortises 2 of the disc edges of each stage of wheel disc 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage cone blade stator of a certain type, as shown in fig. 2, the stator comprises a casing 4 and a stator cone blade 5, the casing 4 is a cylindrical or conical thin-walled cylinder, and the cone blade 5 is mounted on a groove or a tongue-and-groove on the inner wall of the casing 4.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained by taking blade tip measurement and grinding machining of a multistage cone blade rotor as an example, the principle and the method of the blade tip measurement and the grinding machining of a stator are the same as those of the rotor, the clamping fixture and the clamping mode of the stator and the rotor are the same, the mounting edge of the end of a workpiece is used for supporting and fixing, and a center centering table tip calibration dial indicator is arranged in the center of the fixture.
Example 1
Method for measuring blade tip of complex multi-stage cone blade rotor blade
The method for measuring the blade tip of the complex multi-stage tapered blade rotor blade comprises the following steps:
1) as shown in figures 3 and 4, the fixture comprises a base 6-1, a pressing plate 6-2 and a pressing plate II 6-3, the rotor workpiece is installed on the base 6-1 and is pressed and fixed by the pressing plate 6-2 to prevent the rotor workpiece from being displaced by cutting force during machining, and the fixture 6 is fixed on a workbench 9 of precision numerical control equipment through the pressing plate or magnetic force adsorption to enable the workpiece to keep a correct relative position with a machine tool.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a reference coordinate system, taking a central line determined by a rotor workpiece for aligning a precise excircle as a Z axis, taking a rotor workpiece reference plane or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, and establishing an X-Z coordinate system, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, the precise excircle is the center reference of the rotor workpiece, and the diameter value of the precise excircle can be accurately measured by using a universal measuring tool.
2) The center centering center 8 and the center centering center are similar to lathe centers which are composed of a stepped cylinder at the lower end and a cone at the upper end, after the center centering center 8 is centered, the stepped surface of the center centering center is pressed and fixed through a pressing plate II 6-3, the center centering center 8 can be fixed on the clamp 6 in other modes, such as through screws, in addition, the center centering center 8 can also be unfixed, the center centering center 8 is placed for centering during measurement and the dial gauge 7 is corrected, the center centering center 8 can be taken away, the center centering center 8 is placed back on the clamp 6 for centering and correcting the dial gauge 7 during next measurement, the method is commonly used in measurement and processing of the tip of a machine tool, as a stator blade is positioned in a machine box, the center and grinding wheel interference lever 7 can possibly occur, the center and grinding wheel interference lever 7 are installed on a main shaft 10 of the main shaft through a magnetic force gauge frame, the main shaft 10 is adsorbed to perform linear motion through a numerical control operation system, and simultaneously, a device for detecting the accurate coordinate of the main shaft of the machine tool can be accurately displayed on a main shaft internal coordinate system of the machine tool, and the accurate coordinate of the machine tool can be accurately displayed through a main shaft.
3) A dial indicator 7 is used for playing a dial indicator 7 on a precise numerical control device to acquire an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a precise excircle of a rotor blade tip to obtain an axial coordinate value Z2 of a blade tip measured theoretical point D3, which is Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is an offset of the blade tip measured theoretical point D3 from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is a gauge head diameter of the dial indicator 7, a gauge head playing direction of different target points is measured when coordinates are acquired, when the dial indicator plays the coordinates of the target points, the gauge head pressing directions of a reference circle (a precise excircle) and the blade tip measured theoretical point must be , meanwhile, in order to avoid measurement errors, a dimension reference center and a coordinate system reference center need to be kept , so that the precise excircle which is used as the dimension reference is aligned is determined to determine a coordinate system.
4) Moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip obtained in the step 3), wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1|/2 is plus before, otherwise, "-; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+".
As shown in fig. 5, the workpiece to be measured is a rotor in this embodiment, and the radius of the reference circle B is smaller than the radius of the blade tip, so that the radius Y of the measured blade tip is D/2+ | X2-X1|/2-r × sin a × tan a.
In this embodiment, the blade of the workpiece to be measured is a conical blade and is influenced by the conical blade tip structure, the actual contact point of the gauge outfit and the blade tip and the theoretical point position have deviation when the dial indicator is used for marking the indicator, and the larger the angle of the blade tip is, the larger the deviation value is. When the blade tip angle of the workpiece blade is a, the radius of the head of the lever dial indicator is r, and the radial difference value between the pressure gauge point and the theoretical point of the blade tip is L2 (namely the deviation between the measured value and the actual value), the method can obtain the radial difference value
L2＝r×sin a×tan a
Namely, the value of L2 is in direct proportion to the tip angle a, the measurement error caused by the alignment of the header is negligible, therefore, considering the influence of the tip angle, the compensation rear tip radius (namely the distance from the measured theoretical point of the tip to the center) Y is D/2 +/-X2-X1I/2 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a.r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a, whether the tolerance strictness degree of the measured dimension is ignored is selected, the tolerance of the radius of the rotor tip of the aero-engine is +/-0.02, and when the tip angle is not more than 2 degrees, the influence of the error factor can be selected to be ignored.
The method for measuring the complicated multistage cone blade rotor blade tip comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center centering table top), measuring by using the dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a precise excircle and a measured theoretical point of the blade tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operation system to measure a pressure gauge due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying precise coordinates of the target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining the actual size (including radius and angle) of the cone blade tip by using coordinate data derivation formulas of the target points, precisely measuring the size of the cone blade tip under the condition of clamping alignment, solving the size detection problem in the processing process of the existing multistage cone blade rotor and stator part, performing compensation processing according to the measured actual size of the blade tip, avoiding repeated metering, clamping alignment and improving the grinding processing precision and the processing efficiency of the cone blade tip.
In this embodiment, the method further includes measuring an angle of a blade tip, and the specific method includes:
coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the surface of the blade tip are collected by a dial indicator,
the angle a of the blade tip is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| }.
As shown in FIG. 6, the coordinate values of a position ① and a position ② on the blade tip are (X3, Z3) and (X4, Z4), respectively, so that the radial distance value of the two points at the blade tip is | X4-X3|/2, the axial distance value is | Z4-Z3|, the axial distance and the radial distance of the two points at the blade tip form a right triangle, and the blade tip angle a { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| } is obtained through an arctangent function of the right triangle function.
For example, taking the second-stage blade machining in fig. 1 as an example, referring to fig. 6, coordinate values of the position ① and the position ② measured by a lever dial indicator are (714.422, 433) and (713.77, 428), and the blade tip angle a is arctan { [ |714.422-713.77|/2]/|433 | } arctan0.0652 ═ 3.73 °.
Referring to fig. 5, the diameter D of the reference circle B is 300mm, the gauge head diameter D of the lever dial indicator is Φ 1.98mm, L is 68.5mm determined from the drawing, the axial coordinate value Z1 at position ① (point D1 on the reference plane a) is 500, the radial coordinate value X1 at position ② ( point D2 on the precise excircle) is 600 measured by marking with the lever dial indicator, the axial coordinate Z2 of the measured theoretical point of the blade tip is Z1-L-D/2 is 500-68.5-0.99 is 430.51, the pressure table X2 is 709.6 when the direction of the lever dial indicator head Z is moved to the coordinate 430.51, and the blade tip radius Y is D/2+ | X3-X1 | 2-r × sin a/150 × tan a + (150.6-600 × 3.73-0.73 × 4673 mm).
In the embodiment, when the dial indicator is used for playing the indicator to acquire the coordinate values of all target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane, so that the dial indicator can be used for measuring the coordinate values in the radial direction and the axial direction of a workpiece, after the angle correction center of the dial indicator is adjusted, the angle of the indicator rod is fixed when the position ①②③ is acquired in measurement processes, when the dial indicator is re-corrected for measurement, the angle of the indicator rod is not when the indicator rod is measured relative to times, the relative position of the indicator point (workpiece target point) and the main shaft is not , but the angle is not changed in the process of acquiring the target points in measurement, although the coordinate values of the same target point (position coordinate of the main shaft in a machine tool coordinate system) are changed each time, the relative position of all the target points is still unchanged, and in the formula for calculating the radius and the angle of the tip, the relative distance between the target points is only calculated, and the measurement precision is not influenced.
In the embodiment, when the dial indicator is used for playing the indicator to collect the coordinate values of all target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of a blade workpiece and deviates to the surface of the blade workpiece by 0.001, the dial indicator is used as an intermediate medium for transmitting the actual position information of the target points of the workpiece, the indicator presses each time, namely the relative position of a point pressure indicator point (the target point of the workpiece) and a main shaft is constant, so that the position information of the target point of the workpiece can be calibrated through the position coordinate of the main shaft in a machine tool coordinate system, when the coordinate values of the target points are measured by using the dial indicator, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates to the surface of the blade workpiece by 0.001, namely the head presses down by 0.001, which is the same when each point is measured, because the coordinate values of the two target points are subtracted when the radius and the angle of the blade tip are calculated, the deviations of 0.001 are mutually offset, the measurement precision is not influenced, if the dial indicator does not press 0.001, the dial indicator, whether the head.
In the embodiment, in the step 2), the centering of the center centering point is specifically performed by firstly using a dial indicator to press a dial gauge to align a cylindrical section of the center centering point, adjusting the position of the center centering point to ensure that the dial reading of the dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the center centering point rotates for a full circle, and then using the dial indicator to check that the runout of the conical section of the center centering point is not more than 0.01 when the centering is performed, the runout is not more than 0.01 when the centering is performed, the measurement error can be ignored, and the center of the center centering point is equal to the center of the rotor workpiece after.
In the embodiment, the radius of the gauge head of the lever dial gauge is not more than 1mm, after the center is aligned with the gauge point, the center of the gauge head is adjusted to the center of the rotor workpiece, the gauge head of the lever dial gauge is moved to a position right above the center of the gauge point, the gauge head is visually checked and adjusted to enable the center of the gauge head to be aligned with the conical tip of the center gauge point, namely, the gauge head is corrected to be concentric with the workpiece, the smaller the radius of the gauge head of the lever dial gauge is, the smaller the error when the gauge head is concentric with the workpiece is visually checked is, when the radius of the gauge head is not more than 1mm, the alignment error is not more than 0.5, and the measurement error is measured.
Example 2
The complicated multistage cone blade rotor grinding method is the same as the blade tip measuring method in the embodiment 1 when the actual sizes (including the radius and the angle of the blade tip) of the blade tip after every times of grinding are required to be measured in the grinding process.
A grinding method for complex multi-stage conic blade rotor includes the following steps:
1) the blades at all levels of the rotor are mutually crossed, wound and fastened by cotton ropes respectively, and wax is filled in gaps between adjacent blades to enhance the rigidity of a workpiece system, reduce the avoiding deformation of the blades during grinding and improve the processing precision;
and as shown in figures 3 and 4, the fixture 6 comprises a base 6-1, a pressure plate 6-2 and a pressure plate II 6-3, the rotor workpiece is arranged on the base 6-1 and is pressed and fixed by the pressure plate 6-2 to prevent the rotor workpiece from being displaced by cutting force during processing, and the fixture 6 is fixed on a workbench 9 of the precision numerical control equipment through the pressure plate or magnetic force adsorption to ensure that the workpiece and a machine tool keep correct relative positions.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a reference coordinate system, taking a central line determined by a rotor workpiece for aligning a precise excircle as a Z axis, taking a rotor workpiece reference plane or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, and establishing an X-Z coordinate system, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, the precise excircle is the center reference of the rotor workpiece, and the diameter value of the precise excircle can be accurately measured by using a universal measuring tool.
2) The center pair of the table center 8 is arranged on the clamp 6, the table head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected by the center pair of the table center 8 after being aligned, as shown in fig. 3, the lathe center like the center pair of the table center 8 and is similar to a lathe center structure and consists of a stepped cylinder at the lower end and a cone at the upper end, the center pair of the table center 8 is aligned and then is pressed and fixed on the stepped surface of the center pair of the table center 8 through the pressing plate II 6-3, the center pair of the table center 8 can also be fixed on the clamp 6 through other modes, for example, the center pair of the table center 8 can also be fixed through screws, in addition, the center pair of the table center 8 can also be not fixed, the center pair of the table center 8 is placed for alignment during measurement, after the table head of the dial indicator 7 is corrected, the center pair of the table center can be taken away, the center pair of the table center 8 is placed back on the clamp 6 for re-aligning and correcting the table head of the dial indicator 7 during next measurement, the method is usually used in measurement and processing of the lathe tip, as the stator blade is arranged on the spindle 10 of the spindle of the machine tool through the magnetic force gauge, the spindle 10 is controlled by the numerical control system, and simultaneously, the.
3) A dial indicator 7 is used for playing a dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to acquire an axial coordinate value Z1 of any point D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any point D2 on a measuring ring of a stator blade tip or a precise excircle of a rotor blade tip to obtain an axial coordinate value Z2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip, namely Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by drawing, D is the diameter of a gauge head of the dial indicator 7, the gauge head playing directions of different target points are measured when coordinates are acquired, when the dial indicator 7 is used for playing the gauges to acquire the coordinates of the target points, the reference circle (precise excircle) and the gauge head pressing direction of the dial indicator 7 of the measured theoretical point of the blade tip must be , meanwhile, in order to avoid measurement errors, the reference center of a dimension datum and a coordinate system are required to be kept , so that the excircle of the precise datum system is aligned to determine the coordinate system.
4) The coordinate values of any two points on the blade tip surface (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) are acquired by a lever dial indicator, so that the angle a of the blade tip is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| }. X3 and X4 can be measured at any two points on the blade tip conical surface, but in order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the two points on the blade tip conical surface are as far as possible, the distance between the two points is shorter, the system error generated by the measurement is amplified when the calculation is carried out, the measurement accuracy is affected, as shown in FIG. 6, the coordinate values of the position ① and the position ② on the blade tip are (X3 and Z3) respectively, (X4 and Z4), the radial distance between the two points on the blade tip is | X4-X3|/2, and the axial distance is | Z4-Z3| 9 |, the radial distance between the two points and the axial conical surface and the radial distance form a right angle with the blade tip X6353-Z862, and a tangent function of a-triangle 8653 | -X8253.
And (3) measuring coordinate values of the position ① and the position ② by using a lever dial indicator to obtain coordinate values of (714.422, 433) and (713.77, 428), and then the blade tip angle a is arctan { [ |714.422-713.77|/2]/|433 | } arctan0.0652 is 3.73 degrees.
5) And moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip obtained in the step 3), collecting a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip, and calculating to obtain the radius Y of the measured blade tip, wherein Y is D/2 +/-X2-X1,/2 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a.
Taking the second stage of blade machining in fig. 1 as an example, referring to fig. 5, the diameter D of a reference circle B is measured to be 300mm, the gauge head diameter D of a lever dial indicator is measured to be Φ 1.98mm, L is determined to be 68.5mm from a drawing, an axial coordinate value Z1 at a position ① (a point D1 on a reference plane a) is measured to be 500 by marking with the lever dial indicator, a radial coordinate value X1 at a position ② (a point D2 on a precise excircle) is measured to be 600 by marking with the lever dial indicator, then the axial coordinate Z2 of a measured theoretical point is Z7-L-D/2 is 500-68.5-0.99 is measured to be 430.51, the pressure table is obtained when the Z direction of the lever dial indicator head is moved to 430.51, X2 is 709.6, and the radius Y is D/2 ═ X3-X1 |/2 ± ra × 150) (tan × 84 is measured to be 3.7 ° -7-L-D/2 × 3 °/150 × 3.
6) Compensating the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed until the machining allowance is reserved, measuring the tip radius size according to the steps 3) to 5), determining the allowance, and continuing to feed until the final size is obtained. Such as: according to the result calculated in the step 4), the tip angle of the conical blade is 3.73 degrees, the requirement of 3.7 degrees +/-5' is met, and the conical blade can not be polished; if the calculation result does not meet the requirement, calculating the deviation between the measured value and the designed value, compensating the deviation through a numerical control system, then controlling a diamond pen to polish the taper of the grinding wheel, and obtaining the radius Y of the tip of the cone blade of 204.796mm according to the calculation in the step 5), wherein the final size of the tip is R204.42 +/-0.02, and the machining allowance is the sum of the measurement result and the final size: 204.796-204.42 is 0.376 mm; and (3) continuing to feed the blade for 0.3mm until a margin of 0.05-0.1 mm is reserved, measuring the radius size of the blade tip to be 204.5mm according to the step 3) and the step 5), and processing the blade tip to be the final size after determining the margin (the blade tip can be re-measured to be the final size after reserving the margin of 0.01-0.03 mm according to the strict degree of tolerance).
The method for grinding the rotor blade of the complex multistage cone blade comprises the steps of precisely aligning and determining a coordinate system reference by using auxiliary tools (a dial indicator and a center centering tip), measuring by using the dial indicator on a precise numerical control device to obtain coordinate values of a reference plane A, a precise excircle and a measured theoretical point of the blade tip, accurately moving the dial indicator to a target point through a numerical control operation system to measure a pressure gauge due to high positioning precision of the precise numerical control device, recording and displaying precise coordinates of a target point of the pressure gauge on a machine tool, calculating and obtaining actual dimensions (including radius and angle) of the tip of the cone blade by using coordinate data derivation formulas of the target points, precisely measuring the tip dimension of the cone blade under the condition of times of alignment, solving the problem of dimension detection in the process of machining a rotor and stator part of the existing multistage cone blade, performing compensation machining according to the actual dimension of the tip obtained through measurement, avoiding repeated metering, clamping alignment, and improving the grinding precision and the machining efficiency of the tip of the cone blade.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, A method for measuring the rotor and stator blade tips of complex multi-stage cone blades, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any points D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any points D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator, obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of a workpiece blade tip, namely Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the workpiece blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the gauge head diameter of the dial indicator, and when coordinates are collected, the gauge head of the dial indicator is measured in the gauge head making direction of different target points;
4) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position according to an axial coordinate axis Z2 of the theoretical point D3 of the measured blade tip obtained in the step 3) to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the theoretical point D3 of the measured blade tip of the workpiece, so that the radius Y of the blade tip of the measured workpiece is D/2 +/-X2-X1I/2 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1/2 is plus before "+" and vice versa "-"; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+".
2. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
the method also comprises the step of measuring the angle of the blade tip, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a of the blade tip of the measured workpiece is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| }.
3. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1 or 2,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
4. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 3,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the workpiece to be detected and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the workpiece to be detected.
5. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
in the step 2), the alignment is specifically performed by firstly aligning the cylindrical section of the center alignment center by using a dial indicator pressure gauge, adjusting the position of the center alignment center to ensure that the dial reading of the dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the center alignment center rotates full circles, and then checking that the runout of the conical section of the center alignment center is not more than 0.01 by using the dial indicator.
6. The complex multi-stage conicalblade rotor-stator tip measurement method according to claim 1,
the gauge head radius of the lever dial indicator is not more than 1 mm.
7, A grinding method for a rotor and a stator of a complex multi-stage tapered blade, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clamping and fixing a workpiece to be measured on a fixture, fixing the fixture on a precise numerical control equipment workbench, establishing a reference coordinate system,
when the workpiece to be measured is a rotor, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by aligning a precise excircle of the rotor workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the rotor workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the outer diameter value of the precise excircle is D, and the precise excircle is a reference circle;
when the workpiece to be measured is a stator, establishing an X-Z coordinate system by taking a central line determined by a measuring ring of the alignment center of the stator workpiece as a Z axis and taking a reference plane of the stator workpiece or a bearing surface parallel to the reference plane as an X axis, wherein the inner diameter value of the measuring ring is D, and the measuring ring is a reference circle;
2) arranging a center centering point on the clamp, and correcting the dial indicator head by the centered center centering point;
3) collecting an axial coordinate value Z1 of any points D1 on a reference plane A and a radial coordinate value X1 of any points D2 on a reference circle on a precise numerical control device by using a dial indicator, obtaining an axial coordinate value Z2 of a measured theoretical point D3 of a workpiece blade tip, namely Z1-L-D/2, wherein L is the offset of the measured theoretical point D3 of the workpiece blade tip from the reference plane A, L is determined by a drawing, D is the gauge head diameter of the dial indicator, and when coordinates are collected, the gauge head of the dial indicator is measured in the gauge head making direction of different target points;
4) collecting coordinate values (X3, Z3), (X4, Z4) of any two points on the tip surface of the measured workpiece by using a dial indicator to play a chart,
the angle a of the blade tip of the tested workpiece is arctan { [ | X4-X3|/2]/| Z4-Z3| };
5) moving the dial indicator to a Z2 position to acquire a radial coordinate value X2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip according to the axial coordinate axis Z2 of the measured theoretical point D3 of the blade tip of the workpiece obtained in the step 3), and then enabling the radius Y of the blade tip of the measured workpiece to be D/2 +/-X2-X1/2 +/-r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a, wherein a is the angle of the blade tip of the measured workpiece, and when the reference circle radius D/2 is smaller than the blade tip radius, | X2-X1|/2 is plus before, otherwise, "-"; the front of the rotor blade tip r multiplied by sin a multiplied by tan a is "-", and the stator blade tip is "+";
6) compensating and grinding the taper of the grinding wheel according to the angle value a of the blade tip of the workpiece to be measured obtained in the step 4), calculating a machining allowance according to the blade tip radius value Y obtained in the step 5), continuing to feed until the machining allowance is reserved, measuring the radius size of the blade tip according to the steps 3) to 5), and continuing to feed after the allowance is determined until the final size is obtained.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the dial indicator forms an angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
and when the dial indicator is used for marking the dial indicator to collect the coordinate values of all the target points, the head of the dial indicator is in contact with the surface of the blade workpiece and deviates 0.001mm towards the surface of the blade workpiece.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of grinding the rotor and the stator of the complex multi-stage tapered blade,
in the step 2), the alignment is specifically performed by firstly aligning the cylindrical section of the center alignment center by using a dial indicator pressure gauge, adjusting the position of the center alignment center to ensure that the dial reading of the dial indicator is not more than 0.01 after the center alignment center rotates full circles, and then checking that the runout of the conical section of the center alignment center is not more than 0.01 by using the dial indicator.
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