CN115722986A - Annular reference surface grinding processing method based on iterative compensation principle - Google Patents
Annular reference surface grinding processing method based on iterative compensation principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115722986A CN115722986A CN202211664222.4A CN202211664222A CN115722986A CN 115722986 A CN115722986 A CN 115722986A CN 202211664222 A CN202211664222 A CN 202211664222A CN 115722986 A CN115722986 A CN 115722986A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular reference surface grinding method based on an iterative compensation principle, and belongs to the technical field of grinding methods of high-precision structural parts in optical instruments. The processing method uses two grinding discs, a convex surface and a concave surface, and annular reference surfaces are alternately ground on the two surfaces, so that the height difference caused by the ground surface shape is compensated, and a high-precision ground reference surface is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding processing methods of optical instruments, in particular to a grinding processing method of an annular reference surface based on an iterative compensation principle.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of precision of optical instruments, more strict requirements are being placed on the machining precision of mechanical components of the instruments. According to the circular feature of the optical lens, the lens support structure, i.e. the frame, is usually designed with an annular reference plane for contact connection between the frame and the frame or between the frame and other structural members. The structural members are positioned through reference planes, and usually, screws are needed to compress the two annular reference planes to play a role in connection, so that the quality of the annular reference planes can influence the installation and adjustment quality of an optical instrument. In the process of pressing, the surface of the contacted reference surface is not an ideal plane, so that stress deformation occurs, although the deformation is slight, the deformation is transmitted to the connected lens through a mechanical structure, the surface shape of the lens is also influenced, the imaging quality is reduced, and the precision of an optical instrument is directly influenced by the flatness of the reference surface of the supporting structure.
The annular reference surface can be machined by adopting a turning method, the turning is suitable for machining a circular structural member, and the machining flatness can reach dozens of micrometers. Similarly, a grinding processing method can be adopted, the processing flatness is further improved, the grinding processing surface finish is good, the flatness can reach the micron level, but the turning and the grinding both need to clamp the part on a machine tool, so that clamping stress is introduced, and an additional processing error is introduced for processing the reference surface; the grinding process is natural without clamping stress, is most suitable for processing a flat surface, and can achieve micron-level flatness by precisely grinding the annular reference surface, but after the grinding process, the flatness of a narrow ring with the same diameter can even reach below 1 mu m, but the area of the whole ring surface at different diameters has height difference which is a main factor for limiting the improvement of the flatness and influences the final flatness result; the height difference is mainly caused by the surface shape of the grinding disc, when the reference surface is ground, the reference surface slides on the surface of the grinding disc and rubs with the grinding sand and the grinding disc to remove surface materials, and the process makes the reference surface and the surface of the grinding disc mutually fit and form complementation. In order to eliminate the height difference, the flatness of the grinding reference surface can be improved by trimming the grinding disc, but the process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and some units do not have the condition to complete the work, so that the mechanical parts are required to respond to the tolerance requirements according to the precision grade of the optical instrument, and then an appropriate machining method is selected for machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to form a high-precision grinding reference surface by using two grinding disks, namely a convex grinding disk, a concave grinding disk and a circular reference surface, wherein the two surfaces are alternately ground to compensate height difference caused by the grinding surface shape.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an annular reference surface grinding processing method based on an iterative compensation principle, which has the following specific technical scheme:
an annular reference surface grinding processing method based on an iterative compensation principle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a convex grinding disc and a concave grinding disc, enabling an initial grinding reference surface to enter the convex grinding disc or the concave grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface into a plurality of concentric annular bands with the band width of 2-3mm, and when a detection result shows that the flatness of each annular band is superior to the flatness index requirement, considering that the grinding at the stage is finished; detecting the grinding surface in the grinding process, and recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface on the grinding disc 1 Detecting the ground reference surface to determine that stable and uniform height difference delta h is formed on the edge of the inner ring and the outer ring of the reference surface 1 Define Δ h 1 Is positive;
step two: grinding the materials in the first step to obtain the height difference delta h 1 Putting the positive grinding reference surface on a second grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface into a plurality of concentric annular zones with the annular width of 2-3mm, and when the detection result shows that the flatness of each annular zone is superior to the flatness index requirement, considering that the grinding at the stage is finished; recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface on the second grinding disc 2 Detecting the ground reference surface to determine that stable and uniform height difference delta h is formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the reference surface 2 ；
Step three: judgement Δ h 2 Whether the error is within the index requirement error range, if so, finishing the grinding, and if not, judging delta h 2 Is positive and negative, if Δ h 2 If the grinding reference surface is positive, the grinding reference surface is placed on a second grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, and if delta h is obtained 2 And if the grinding reference surface is negative, the grinding reference surface is placed on a first grinding disc for grinding, and detection is carried out after each grinding stage is finished until the inner edge and the outer edge of the grinding reference surface form stable and uniform height difference which is within the error range required by the index.
Further, the tool for detecting the height difference, which is stable and uniform and is formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the reference plane in the first step to the third step, is a three-coordinate measuring machine.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention discloses an annular reference surface grinding processing method based on an iterative compensation principle, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
the invention utilizes the mutual fit of the surface shape of the grinding disc and the surface shape of the reference surface in the grinding process to form complementary surfaces, and proposes that two grinding discs are used, one is convex, the other is concave, and the annular reference surface is alternately ground on the two surfaces, so as to compensate the height difference caused by grinding the surface shapes and form a high-precision grinding reference surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an iterative compensated lapping process provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an iterative compensated lapping process.
In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
1. initially grinding a reference surface; 2. a convex grinding disk; 3. grinding the reference surface; 4. a concave grinding disc; 5. and (6) a final reference surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is to be noted that the terms "upper", "bottom", "side", and the like, as used herein, are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated on the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and similar expressions are used for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; furthermore, the terms "one-segment" and "two-segment" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
As shown in reference to figures 1-2,
an annular reference surface grinding processing method based on an iterative compensation principle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in an initial grinding reference surface 1 in fig. 1, the surface to be ground of a circular ring-shaped part has fluctuation in height in a microscopic manner, a three-coordinate measuring machine is used for detecting the surface shape of the initial grinding reference surface 1, the height difference value of the surface shape is generally between 0.01mm and 1mm, the flatness level cannot meet the use requirement, and grinding and fine finishing are required; firstly, selecting a convex grinding disc 2 and a concave grinding disc 4 with proper granularity, enabling an initial grinding reference surface 1 to enter the convex grinding disc 2 for grinding processing until the whole surface of a grinding reference surface 3 is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface 3 into a plurality of concentric annular zones with the annular band width of 2-3mm, and finishing grinding at the stage when a detection result shows that the flatness of each annular zone is superior to the flatness index requirement; detecting the grinding surface in the grinding process, and recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface on the grinding disc 1 Detecting the surface of the grinding reference surface 3, wherein the height difference of the ring surface is in the directions of outer side high and inner side low, and determining that the inner and outer ring edges of the reference surface have formed stable and uniform height difference delta h 1 Define Δ h 1 Is positive;
step two: grinding the materials in the first step to obtain the height difference delta h 1 Putting the positive grinding reference surface 3 on a concave grinding disc 4 for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface 3 is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface 3 into a plurality of concentric annular zones with the annular band width of 2-3mm, and finishing the grinding at the stage when a detection result shows that the planeness of each annular zone is superior to the planeness index requirement; recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface 3 on the concave grinding disk 4 2 Detecting the surface of the grinding reference surface 3 to determine that stable and uniform height difference delta h is formed on the edge of the inner ring and the outer ring of the reference surface 2 ；
Step three: judgement Δ h 2 Whether the error is within the index requirement error range, if so, finishing the grinding, and if not, judging delta h 2 Is positive and negative if Δ h 2 If the polishing reference surface is positive, the polishing reference surface 3 is placed on the concave polishing disk 4 to be polished until the whole surface of the polishing reference surface is completely polished, and if delta h is reached 2 And if the grinding reference surface is negative, the grinding reference surface is placed on the convex grinding disc 2 for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, and the grinding reference surface 3 is detected after each grinding stage is finished until the inner edge and the outer edge of the grinding reference surface 3 form a stable and uniform height difference and are within the error range required by the index.
Further, the tool for detecting the height difference, which is stable and uniform and is formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the reference plane in the first step to the third step, is a three-coordinate measuring machine.
As shown in fig. 2, an iterative compensation grinding flow chart is provided, wherein Δ h is positive when the outer side is high and the inner side is low in the direction of the height difference of the ring surface, the initial grinding reference surface 1 is put on a convex grinding disc 2 or a concave grinding disc 4 for grinding, the height difference Δ h formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the grinding reference surface 3 is detected after grinding is finished, the height difference Δ h is judged to be positive, if the Δ h is positive, the grinding reference surface 3 is put on the concave grinding disc 4 for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, and if the Δ h is positive, the grinding reference surface 3 is put on the concave grinding disc 4 for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground 2 And if the grinding reference surface is negative, the grinding reference surface is placed on the convex grinding disc 2 for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, and the grinding reference surface 3 is detected after each grinding stage is finished until the inner edge and the outer edge of the grinding reference surface 3 form stable and uniform height difference and are within the error range required by indexes, so that a final reference surface 5 is formed.
The above embodiments only express specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An annular datum plane grinding machining method based on an iterative compensation principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a convex grinding disc and a concave grinding disc, enabling an initial grinding reference surface to enter the convex grinding disc or the concave grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface into a plurality of concentric annular bands with the band width of 2-3mm, and when a detection result shows that the flatness of each annular band is superior to the flatness index requirement, considering that the grinding at the stage is finished; detecting the grinding surface in the grinding process, and recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface on the grinding disc 1 Detecting the ground reference surface to determine that stable and uniform height difference delta h is formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the reference surface 1 Define Δ h 1 Is positive;
step two: grinding the materials in the first step to obtain the height difference delta h 1 Putting the positive grinding reference surface on a second grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, dividing the grinding reference surface into a plurality of concentric annular zones with the annular band width of 2-3mm, and when the detection result shows that the flatness of each annular zone is superior to the flatness index requirement, considering that the grinding at the stage is finished; recording the sliding distance L of the grinding reference surface on the second grinding disc 2 Detecting the ground reference surface to determine that stable and uniform height difference delta h is formed on the inner and outer ring edges of the reference surface 2 ；
Step three: judgment of Delta h 2 Whether the error is within the index requirement error range, if so, finishing the grinding, and if not, judging delta h 2 Is positive and negative if Δ h 2 If the grinding reference surface is positive, the grinding reference surface is placed on a second grinding disc for grinding until the whole surface of the grinding reference surface is completely ground, and if delta h is obtained 2 If the grinding reference surface is negative, the grinding reference surface is placedAnd grinding the first grinding disc, and detecting after each grinding stage is finished until the inner and outer edges of the grinding reference plane form stable and uniform height difference which is within the error range required by the index.
2. The method for grinding and processing the annular reference surface based on the iterative compensation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step one to the step three are that the tool for detecting the stable and uniform height difference formed by the inner and outer annular edges of the reference surface is a three-coordinate measuring machine.
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| CN202211664222.4A CN115722986A (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2022-12-22 | Annular reference surface grinding processing method based on iterative compensation principle |
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