CN113078471A - Reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna - Google Patents
Reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113078471A CN113078471A CN202010003703.5A CN202010003703A CN113078471A CN 113078471 A CN113078471 A CN 113078471A CN 202010003703 A CN202010003703 A CN 202010003703A CN 113078471 A CN113078471 A CN 113078471A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
Abstract
The invention provides a reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna. The antenna comprises a reflector antenna, a feed source and a sum-difference network, wherein the feed source is connected to the sum-difference network, the feed source adopts a single-ear type horn, and more than two single-ear type horns are symmetrically distributed on two sides of a reflector antenna focus in pairs; the monaural type horn is in the shape of a pyramid horn, and the edge of a horn mouth extends to form a monaural structure. The novel reflector sum-difference network antenna provided by the invention provides an effective solution for the shielding problem of the reflector antenna by the feed source, and can obtain high-gain, low-side lobe, low-zero-value depth and highly symmetrical fan-shaped sum-difference beams while reducing the focus offset of the phase center of the feed source relative to the reflector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency antennas, in particular to a sum and difference network antenna structure using a single-ear type loudspeaker as a feed source.
Background
In recent years, millimeter wave radar technology is mature day by day, compared with infrared, millimeter wave has less atmospheric attenuation, better penetrability to smoke dust and less influence by weather, and the excellent performances determine that the millimeter wave radar has all-weather working capacity all day long, and the millimeter wave radar has wide engineering application in the aspects of traffic supervision, security and protection control, target searching and the like. The antenna is used as an important component of the millimeter wave radar, and the detection and tracking capability of the radar is directly influenced by the performance.
Many researches are carried out on millimeter wave radar antennas at home and abroad, such as offset reflector antennas, multi-beam antennas, monopulse antennas and the like. The reflector sum and difference network antenna is an important one of the monopulse antennas. As shown in fig. 1, such an antenna mainly includes a reflector antenna 101, a feed horn 102, a sum and difference device 103, and the like. The reflector antenna 101 is a paraboloid of revolution, which plays a role in receiving and transmitting; the feed source is composed of more than two horns and is arranged near the focus of the paraboloid in pairs, each feed source is connected by a waveguide 104, and signals are output to the sum and difference device 103 to obtain sum beams and difference beams of corresponding directions.
The Horn feed used in the reflector sum-difference network antenna is generally extended from a standard waveguide, and plays a role of outputting energy as a primary illuminator, and the Horn feed is derived from various developed forms, wherein the conical corrugated Horn proposed for the first time by a.j.simons and r.e.lawrie has gained a lot of applications and improvements in the future, and is widely used as a feed of the reflector antenna, and there are many forms of Horn such as multimode Horn and Hard Horn antenna, incorporated metal-Based Hybrid-Mode Horns [ J ]. IEEE Antennas and amplification Horn, 2010, vol.52, No.2, pp.31-39. However, for the positive-feed reflector antenna, the feed horn needs to be installed on the focus of the paraboloid, and inevitably shields the central part of the aperture field of the paraboloid, so that the energy of the main lobe of the directional diagram is reduced, multiple reflections occur, the electric field distribution of the aperture field of the antenna is affected, and finally, the main lobe level of the sum-difference beam is reduced, the level of the side lobe is increased, the gain of the antenna is reduced, and the main lobe of the directional diagram is deformed in severe cases. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the feed shielding of the positive feed type antenna, Offset-parasitic-reflector antennas (a-views [ J ]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1978, vol.66, No.12, pp.1592-1618) may be used, but the Offset-fed type antenna is not favorable for forming sum and difference beams with good shapes. The reason is that the equivalent phase center of the feed source can deviate from the focus of the reflector antenna to a great extent during offset feed, the problem of offset focus can be serious along with the increase of the distance between the phase center and the focus of the paraboloid, on one hand, the performance of sum and difference beams can be influenced, so that the side lobe is improved, the beam deformation and the null depth are increased, and the performance requirements of high resolution and the like of the antenna can be greatly not met; on the other hand, the offset feed increases the design difficulty of the antenna structure, and if necessary, in order to achieve performance indexes, the horn feed source needs to be shaped in a complex way, so that the overall size of the antenna is increased, and the installation, fixation and service life of the antenna are difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of shielding and deflection of the existing positive feedback type reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna, the invention provides a novel reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna, which utilizes a feed source shaping means to extend the edge of a horn feed source into a monaural structure, changes the energy irradiation distribution of the feed source horn on the basis of the simple structure, can reduce the secondary reflection of signals by matching with the reflecting surface, weakens the shielding effect of the feed source to a certain extent, and on the other hand, the change of the phase center of the antenna structure in the expanding process is almost 0, so that sum-difference beams with high gain, low side lobe, low zero depth and high symmetry can be obtained while the deviation of the phase center of the feed source relative to the focus of a paraboloid is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a reflector sum-difference network antenna comprises a reflector antenna, a feed source and a sum-difference network, wherein the feed source is connected to the sum-difference network and adopts a single-ear type horn, and more than two single-ear type horns are symmetrically distributed on two sides of a reflector antenna focus in pairs; the monaural type loudspeaker is in the shape of a pyramid loudspeaker, and the edge of the horn mouth extends to form a monaural structure.
Further, the reflector antenna is a parabolic antenna, a cassegrain antenna, a grignard antenna or a box reflector antenna.
Furthermore, the single lug structure is an arc-shaped structure flanged outwards.
Further, the cambered surface structure is a part of a cylindrical surface, an elliptic cylindrical surface or a parabolic cylindrical surface.
Further, when a plurality of single-ear speakers form an array, the single-ear structure is located at the outermost side of the whole array.
Further, each single-ear horn is connected to the sum-difference network through a waveguide.
Compared with the traditional sum-difference antenna, the reflection surface sum-difference network antenna has the following beneficial effects:
(1) through the innovative structural design of the horn feed source, the shielding effect of the traditional reflector antenna feed source can be reduced to a certain extent;
(2) the paired monaural horn feed sources are used, so that the offset of the phase center of the horn feed source relative to the focus of the paraboloid can be reduced;
(3) the invention can be applied to any millimeter wave frequency band on the basis of designing proper parameters such as the caliber of a horn, the shape and size of a single-lug structure, the caliber of an antenna and the like.
(4) The antenna of the invention has simpler shape and structure, is easy to manufacture, can obtain high gain, low side lobe, low zero depth and highly symmetrical fan-shaped and difference beams, and is beneficial to improving the radar performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional reflector sum and difference network antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflector sum-difference network antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed source of a monaural type horn according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a box-shaped reflector antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is an overall structural diagram and (b) is an exploded structural diagram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another feed source of a monaural horn according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows azimuth and beam patterns for a conventional horn and a monaural horn at 76.5GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an azimuth plane difference beam pattern using a conventional horn and a single-ear horn at 76.5GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the invention and not all embodiments. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment is designed as a reflector antenna with 2 × 2 array feeds, and the design steps are as follows: the 2 x 2 array reflector antenna of this example includes a reflector antenna 201, a pair of monaural-type horn feeds 202, and a sum-difference network 203. The reflector antenna 201, the sum and difference network 203 and the standard waveguide in the antenna are common structures. Its monaural horn feed 202 is extended from a standard waveguide structure 204 to a horn antenna with two sides extending beyond the monaural structure 205. It should be noted that in this example, because the feed array is a 2 x 2 structure, each feed horn is a single-ear horn feed, and all the single-ear structures are cylindrical surfaces with a radius R and an angle R
All monaural structures together wrap the outermost side of the entire array. If the feed source array has horn feed sources larger than 2 rows or 2 columns, the horn at the outermost periphery of the array only needs to use the monaural horn feed source, the monaural structure surrounds the outermost side of the whole array, and the internal feed source does not need to be used. The horn feed source adopts a positive feed type, each feed source is connected with a sum-difference device by a waveguide 206, and through a sum-difference network, signals obtained by a pair of feed sources in the upper row and a pair of feed sources in the lower row are subjected to sum-difference to obtain a corresponding pitch angle, a beam and a difference beam, and signals obtained by a pair of feed sources in a column on the left side and a pair of feed sources in a column on the right side are subjected to sum-difference to obtain a corresponding azimuth angle, a beam and a difference beam.
Example 2
The beam shape designed by the embodiment is a fan-shaped beam, the working frequency range is 76-77 GHz, the working mode is horizontal scanning, and the structure adopts a box-type reflector antenna.
The invention belongs to a positive feed type parabolic reflector antenna, which comprises the following design steps: as shown in fig. 4, the sector and difference beam horizontal scanning box antenna is composed of a reflector antenna 301, a pair of metal plates 302, a pair of transition structures 304, a pair of monaural horn feeds 303, a curved waveguide 305, and a sum and difference network 306. Firstly, determining the shape and size of the parabolic reflecting surface. Calculating the corresponding working wavelength lambda of about 3.92mm according to the central working frequency of 76.5GHz, and then calculating the caliber D (D) of the rectangular aperture surface field of the parabolic reflecting surfaceEAnd DH) Derived from the target azimuth and elevation estimates of the sum beam, respectively, the empirical formula is as follows:
the K value is an estimated value, and the aperture D (D) of the antenna in the azimuth direction and the elevation direction can be estimated by taking the middle value in the rangeEOr DH). And then, selecting a proper focal diameter ratio f/D to determine the shape and the size of the parabolic reflecting surface and a focal point O thereof, wherein the focal diameter ratio should be relatively smaller in order to integrate the requirements of high performance and small volume. The size of the metal plate 302 is determined by the focal length f and the caliber D of the parabolic reflecting surface 301 designed in the front, the upper and the lower metal plates 302 are completely identical and parallel to each other, the parabolic reflecting surface 301 and the horn feed source 303 are clamped between the metal plates, and the caliber D of the parabolic reflecting surfaceECaliber D of horn feed sourceE' parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of the upper and lower metal plates. The included angle between the two transition structures and the metal plates connected with the transition structures is theta. A curved waveguide 305 is perforated through the bottom of the box to connect the horn feed 303 to the sum and difference network 306.
As shown in fig. 5, the feed source structure 304 of the monaural horn of this embodiment selects a standard waveguide 401 according to the target frequency requirement, and then expands the waveguide into a conventional pyramid horn with the caliber length DE' and DH' require-10 dB wave beam in the azimuth and elevation direction of the feed hornThe width is just irradiated on the edge of the parabolic reflecting surface. The elliptical monaural structure 402 with one side extending outward 1/4 is then formed, a and b being the semi-major and semi-minor axes, respectively, of the ellipse. The aperture field of the horn is parallel to the aperture field of the parabolic antenna, the azimuth plane equivalent phase centers of the two feed sources are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the focus of the parabolic antenna, and finally, various parameters of the antenna are optimized through simulation software to obtain the antenna structure which finally meets the requirements.
And according to the optimization solution calculation, obtaining the sector and difference beam horizontal scanning box type antenna with the working frequency range of 76-77 GHz. Wherein fig. 6 shows that the azimuth plane and the beam pattern of the general horn and the monaural horn are used at 76.5GHz, and both can be seen to meet the design index requirements. The sum beam gain of the conventional horn is 28.6dBi, compared to the antenna and beam gain using a feed of the monaural type horn, which is slightly reduced but substantially the same, approximately 28.1 dBi. The improved performance is mainly reflected in that the side lobe level SLL is reduced from-21.6 db of a general structure to-22.8 db of a single-ear structure, the integral side lobe ratio is reduced more, and the integral side lobe ratio is reduced from-9.6 db of the general structure to-11.5 of the single-ear structure. The single-ear structure box type antenna can reduce the shielding effect of a feed source on a paraboloid, improve the power performance of a main lobe of the antenna, inhibit side lobes and enhance the anti-interference capability and the directional radiation capability of the antenna. Fig. 7 shows azimuth plane difference beam patterns using a general horn and a single-ear horn at 76.5 GHz. The difference beam zero depth under the general structure is-41 db, the maximum gain is 23.8, the difference beam zero depth of the single-ear structure is-52.6 db, and the maximum gain is 26.3, which shows that the single-ear structure has high symmetry, the offset of the feed source relative to the focus is smaller, the generated error signal is smaller, and the maximum gain is higher. These results show that the antenna completely meets the design target requirements in terms of indexes, and the performance is improved to a certain extent compared with the traditional box-type reflector antenna.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention, and the invention is not limited to box reflector antennas, but also includes parabolic, cassegrain, grignard, and the like reflector antennas, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, and the like made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A reflector sum-difference network antenna comprises a reflector antenna, a feed source and a sum-difference network, wherein the feed source is connected to the sum-difference network; the monaural type loudspeaker is in the shape of a pyramid loudspeaker, and the edge of the horn mouth extends to form a monaural structure.
2. A reflector sum and difference network antenna as in claim 1, wherein the reflector antenna is a parabolic dish antenna, a cassegrain antenna, a grignard antenna or a box reflector antenna.
3. The reflector sum-difference network antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-lug structure is an outwardly flanged cambered structure.
4. A reflective surface sum and difference network antenna according to claim 3, wherein said cambered surface structure is a portion of a cylindrical surface, an elliptical cylindrical surface, or a parabolic cylindrical surface.
5. A reflective surface sum and difference network antenna according to claim 1, wherein when the plurality of monopole type horns are arranged in an array, the monopole structure is located at the outermost side of the array.
6. A reflective surface sum and difference network antenna according to claim 1, wherein each single-ear horn is connected to the sum and difference network by a waveguide.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113904127A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-01-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Ultra-wideband high-gain direction-finding antenna based on side lobe suppression antenna feed source |
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