CN110034405A - A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna - Google Patents
A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110034405A CN110034405A CN201910366007.8A CN201910366007A CN110034405A CN 110034405 A CN110034405 A CN 110034405A CN 201910366007 A CN201910366007 A CN 201910366007A CN 110034405 A CN110034405 A CN 110034405A
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- Prior art keywords
- face
- trapezoidal
- horn antenna
- pyramidal horn
- antenna
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
- H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antennas, are made of pyramid loudspeaker, trapezoidal ridge waveguide and sub-miniature A connector；Trapezoidal ridge waveguide is set to below pyramid loudspeaker, and is connected with sub-miniature A connector.It adjusts the spacing in waveguide between trapezoidal ridges and ridge and changes sub-miniature A connector to the spacing of trapezoidal waveguide ridge, be conducive to impedance matching, and can realize the broad beam of antenna by reducing bell mouth diameter width.The present invention is able to satisfy the requirement of broad beam, and in the frequency range of sound interval by about one time, input vswr VSWR is less than 1.5, while antenna gain reaches 7.5dB or more, good in full frequency band internal antenna directional diagram consistency, has practical engineering application and researching value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radars, the communications field, and in particular to a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna.
Background technique
The type of broad beam antenna is relatively more at present, such as microstrip antenna, rotable antenna, oscillator reflector antenna, but with
Upper several antennas have some limitations, and be usually expressed as: narrower bandwidth, gain are lower.
Pyramidal horn antenna is a kind of widely used microwave antenna, it both can be used as reflector antenna or lens antenna
Feed, array antenna radiating element, the stand-alone antenna on microwave relay station or satellite can also be done.
Pyramidal horn antenna gain with higher simultaneously, wider working band is wide, power capacity is big, light-weight and easy
In the actual processing the advantages that, but such antenna beamwidth is relatively narrow.
Ridged horn antenna changes the distribution that cross section is entered the court, is conducive to antenna impedance due to adding ridge in loudspeaker
Match, to expand bandwidth.
Antenna feed structure proposed by the invention is simple, there is that certain directionality and gain, to be conducive to directed radiation etc. excellent
Point can be used in the fields such as radar engineering and electromagnetism test.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of C-band broad beam angle for the relatively narrow deficiency of pyramidal horn antenna wave beam in the prior art
Bore electromagnetic horn.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna characterized by comprising pyramid loudspeaker, trapezoidal ridge waveguide, SMA connect
Head；The pyramid loudspeaker is opened by the two-arm in the face rectangular waveguide E and the face H and is formed, and the trapezoidal ridge waveguide is set to pyramid loudspeaker
Lower section is simultaneously connected with sub-miniature A connector, and the lower end of pyramid loudspeaker is fixedly connected with trapezoidal ridge waveguide, the lower end bore ruler of pyramid loudspeaker
Very little size is identical as the ridge waveguide mouth of trapezoidal ridge waveguide.
To optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, the concrete measure taken further include:
Further, the trapezoidal ridge waveguide is made of rectangular waveguide and two trapezoidal ridges pieces, and the sub-miniature A connector passes through it
In a trapezoidal ridges piece and reach another trapezoidal ridges piece, the inner core of sub-miniature A connector is connected with another trapezoidal ridges piece.
Further, two trapezoidal ridges pieces are relatively mounted on the broadside side of trapezoidal ridge waveguide, the bottom end phase of trapezoidal ridges piece
Stairstepping is designed to place.
Further, the length of the pyramid loudspeaker is greater than the half of minimum operation wavelength.
Further, each parameter of pyramidal horn antenna meets following various:
The gain of pyramidal horn antenna are as follows:
In formula, G is gain, and λ is free space wavelength, DHAnd DERespectively pyramid loudspeaker upper end bore is in the face H and the face E
Side length, εapFor the aperture efficiency of rectangular horn, in optimum gain design, which is 0.5；
It can be obtained according to the relationship between horn length, aperture width and antenna gain:
In formula, RHAnd RERespectively height of the pyramid loudspeaker vertex to upper port diametric plane in the face H and the face E；
For loudspeaker are actually made, meet LE=LHAnd RE=RH, LHAnd LEFor above and below pyramid loudspeaker between two bore faces
Distance in the face H and the face E, it can be deduced that:
It can be obtained according to the similarity relation of triangle:
In formula, a and b are respectively side length of the trapezoidal ridge waveguide bore in the face H and the face E；
It is derived by above formula:
The beam angle of pyramidal horn antenna is the formula based on caliber size:
In formula, BW10hIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face H, BW10eIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face E.
Further, DE=0.9DH。
As shown from the above formula, gain G and beam angle BW are related with antenna aperture size, and the key of this design is
The result of both the suitable dimension of setting bell mouth diameter, balancing gain G and beam angle BW.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: to be both able to achieve broadband, gain best for the C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna proposed
Matching is able to satisfy beam angle requirement again, in the frequency range of a nearly octave, inputs standing wave less than 1.5, while antenna
Gain reaches 7.5dBi or more, good in full frequency band internal antenna E-plane and H-plane pattern consistency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is pyramidal horn antenna structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is pyramidal horn antenna cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is pyramidal horn antenna top view.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of trapezoidal ridge waveguide.
Fig. 5 is the face the E schematic diagram of pyramidal horn antenna.
Fig. 6 is the face the H schematic diagram of pyramidal horn antenna.
Fig. 7 is that pyramidal horn antenna emulates VSWR curve graph.
Fig. 8 is that pyramidal horn antenna emulates Gain curve graph.
Fig. 9 is that pyramidal horn antenna 4.5GHz emulates the face E and the face H emulation directional diagram.
Figure 10 is that pyramidal horn antenna 6GHz emulates the face E and the face H emulation directional diagram.
Figure 11 is that pyramidal horn antenna 8GHz emulates the face E and the face H emulation directional diagram.
Figure 12 is trapezoidal ridge waveguide TE20Equivalent circuit diagram when wave ends.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further explained in detail.
A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, by pyramid loudspeaker 1, trapezoidal ridge waveguide 2,
Sub-miniature A connector 3 forms.Pyramid loudspeaker 1 is located at the top, and 1 lower end bore of pyramid loudspeaker is fixedly connected with trapezoidal ridge waveguide 3, loudspeaker
The length of antenna should be greater than the half of minimum operation wavelength, can guarantee that impedance transformation does not evoke higher mode, loudspeaker in the process in this way
The size of bore is determined by the gain and aperture efficiency of antenna.
Trapezoidal 2 structure of ridge waveguide is made of rectangular waveguide and two trapezoidal ridges pieces 4, and sub-miniature A connector 3 passes through one of trapezoidal
Ridge piece 4 reaches another ridge piece, and inner core is attached thereto.Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of trapezoidal ridge waveguide 2, and Figure 12 is trapezoidal ridges
Waveguide TE20Equivalent circuit diagram when wave ends.Trapezoidal 2 width edge length of ridge waveguide is a, and narrow side length is b, is added in the broadside of waveguide
Trapezoidal ridges piece 4 forms trapezoidal ridge waveguide, can regard the rectangular waveguide of broadside bending as, and transmit mould similar with rectangular waveguide
Formula, around the seamed edge of ridge, magnetic distribution is disturbed due to edge effect.Compared with the rectangular waveguide of identical size, tool
There is longer cutoff wavelength, when there is identical operation wavelength, can reduce waveguide dimensions, is easy to low-impedance microstrip line and same
Axis matching.The spacing for adjusting the spacing in waveguide between trapezoidal ridges and ridge and changing sub-miniature A connector 3 to trapezoidal ridges piece 4 is conducive to resistance
Anti- matching.Waveguide median ridge piece bottom end is designed to stairstepping, obtains optimal impedance matching.
As shown in Figure 5,6, pyramidal horn antenna is to be opened by the two-arm in the face rectangular waveguide E and the face H and formed, and is radiated
Characteristic is substantially the combination in (narrow) face E and H (width) face sectoral horn, the gain of pyramidal horn antenna are as follows:
In formula, G is gain, and λ is free space wavelength, DHAnd DERespectively pyramid loudspeaker upper end bore is in the face H and the face E
Side length, εapFor the aperture efficiency of rectangular horn, in optimum gain design, which is 0.5.
It can be by reducing the face such electromagnetic horn E/H aperture width DE/DH, the beam angle in the face E/H is made to broaden.
It can be obtained according to the relationship between horn length, aperture width and antenna gain:
In formula, RHAnd RERespectively height (0 ' 0) of the pyramid loudspeaker vertex to upper port diametric plane in the face H and the face E.
For loudspeaker are actually made, meet LE=LHAnd RE=RH, LHAnd LEFor above and below pyramid loudspeaker between two bore faces
Distance in the face H and the face E, it can be deduced that:
It can be obtained according to the similarity relation of triangle:
In formula, a and b are respectively side length of the trapezoidal ridge waveguide bore in the face H and the face E.
It can be derived by above formula:
When designing the pyramidal horn antenna of optimum gain, it is known that the mathematical relationship between parameter can calculate each
Value corresponding to size variable.
In above formula, if DE=qDH, reduce the face H aperture width DE, with DEReduce (reduction of q value), the beam angle in the face H becomes
Width, with DEIncrease (increase of q value), antenna gain is gradually increased, and when q value takes 0.9, gain and beam angle are all satisfied index
It is required that.
According to accumulative experimental data, the simplified formula for calculating beam angle is the simple formula for being based only on caliber size:
In formula, BW10hIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face H, BW10eIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face E.Change pyramid loudspeaker
Caliber size size obtains broader beam angle in the case where ensuring that gain meets index request.
By continuing to optimize pyramidal horn antenna items structural parameters, ideal performance parameter has been finally obtained,
Standing wave VSWR is inputted close in the frequency range of an octave less than 1.5, antenna gain reaches 7.5dBi or more, while direction
Figure can satisfy antenna scanning needs, as shown in Figure 7,8.
According to technical requirements, the beam angle of radiating element should be greater than 55 °, pass through pyramid loudspeaker optimization design, emulation side
To figure as shown in Fig. 9,10,11, technical requirements are fully met, E-plane and H-plane pattern consistency is high, is suitable for reflector antenna
Feed.
By engineering calculation combination simulation optimization: bell mouth surface 40mm × 36mm, waveguide segment bottom surface 38mm × 22mm, waveguide
Segment length 55mm, loudspeaker axial length 60mm.Such simple easy processing of pyramid loudspeaker structure, the application for broadband, broad beam
Scene has good practical application value.
It should be noted that the term of such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear" cited in invention, also
Only being illustrated convenient for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, in nothing
Under essence change technology contents, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as protection of the invention
Range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna characterized by comprising pyramid loudspeaker (1), trapezoidal ridge waveguide (2),
Sub-miniature A connector (3)；The pyramid loudspeaker (1) is opened by the two-arm in the face rectangular waveguide E and the face H and is formed, the trapezoidal ridge waveguide
(2) it is set to below pyramid loudspeaker (1) and is connected with sub-miniature A connector (3), the lower end and trapezoidal ridge waveguide (2) of pyramid loudspeaker (1) are solid
Fixed connection, the lower end bore size of pyramid loudspeaker (1) are identical as the ridge waveguide mouth of trapezoidal ridge waveguide (2).
2. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the trapezoidal ridge waveguide
(2) it is made of rectangular waveguide and two trapezoidal ridges pieces (4), the sub-miniature A connector (3) passes through one of trapezoidal ridges piece (4) and arrives
Up to another trapezoidal ridges piece (4), the inner core of sub-miniature A connector (3) is connected with another trapezoidal ridges piece (4).
3. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: two trapezoidal ridges pieces (4)
It is relatively mounted on the broadside side of trapezoidal ridge waveguide (2), the bottom end of trapezoidal ridges piece (4) is designed to stairstepping with respect to place.
4. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pyramid loudspeaker (1)
Length be greater than minimum operation wavelength half.
5. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: pyramidal horn antenna
Each parameter meets following various:
The gain of pyramidal horn antenna are as follows:
In formula, G is gain, and λ is free space wavelength, DHAnd DERespectively pyramid loudspeaker upper end bore the face H and the face E side length,
εapFor the aperture efficiency of rectangular horn, in optimum gain design, which is 0.5；
It can be obtained according to the relationship between horn length, aperture width and antenna gain:
In formula, RHAnd RERespectively height of the pyramid loudspeaker vertex to upper port diametric plane in the face H and the face E；
For loudspeaker are actually made, meet LE=LHAnd RE=RH, LHAnd LEFor above and below pyramid loudspeaker between two bore faces in the face H
With the distance in the face E, it can be deduced that:
It can be obtained according to the similarity relation of triangle:
In formula, a and b are respectively side length of the trapezoidal ridge waveguide bore in the face H and the face E；
It is derived by above formula:
The beam angle of pyramidal horn antenna is the formula based on caliber size:
In formula, BW10hIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face H, BW10eIndicate the 10dB beam angle in the face E.
6. a kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: DE=0.9DH。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910366007.8A CN110034405A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna |
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| CN201910366007.8A CN110034405A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | A kind of C-band broad beam pyramidal horn antenna |
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| CN110034405A true CN110034405A (en) | 2019-07-19 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110970732A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-07 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | 18-40GHz low-sidelobe dual-polarized horn antenna |
| CN110994186A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Four spine horn antennas of ultra wide band of adjustable back of body chamber diameter |
| CN113078471A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 南京大学 | Reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna |
| CN114628908A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-14 | 青岛国数信息科技有限公司 | High-gain Beidou communication horn antenna and design method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110970732A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-07 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | 18-40GHz low-sidelobe dual-polarized horn antenna |
| CN110994186A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Four spine horn antennas of ultra wide band of adjustable back of body chamber diameter |
| CN110970732B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-05-03 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | 18-40GHz low-sidelobe dual-polarized horn antenna |
| CN113078471A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-07-06 | 南京大学 | Reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna |
| CN113078471B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2022-07-29 | 南京大学 | Reflecting surface sum-difference network antenna |
| CN114628908A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-14 | 青岛国数信息科技有限公司 | High-gain Beidou communication horn antenna and design method |
| CN114628908B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-12 | 青岛国数信息科技有限公司 | High-gain Beidou communication horn antenna and design method |
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Application publication date: 20190719 |