CN113077153B - Ecological space control partition method based on ecological system service supply and demand relationship - Google Patents
Ecological space control partition method based on ecological system service supply and demand relationship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological space control partitioning method based on an ecological system service supply and demand relationship, which comprises the following steps: screening out the key ecosystem service type in a research area; establishing an evaluation method according to the ecosystem service type, searching a corresponding data set and ecological attributes corresponding to various required land utilization types according to the evaluation method, and performing measurement and drawing on each ecosystem service to obtain a spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service in a research area; obtaining a comprehensive value space distribution diagram of the ecosystem service of the research area according to the obtained service measurement results of various ecosystems; acquiring superimposed spatial distribution maps of the comprehensive values and population densities of the ecosystem services of different spatial types based on the positive correlation relationship between the population densities and the ecosystem service demands; and partitioning the obtained different space types to obtain a final research area ecological space control partition space distribution map.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological space control partition method based on an ecological system service supply and demand relationship, and belongs to the technical field of ecological space planning.
Background
The ecological space is an important substance guarantee for human beings to live, live and produce, and the ecological process of normal operation in the ecological space provides ecological system services such as conservation water source, soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, flood regulation and storage for human beings, thereby guaranteeing the quality of life and the human welfare level of people. However, in recent decades, with the promotion of global urbanization, a large number of city spreading phenomena continue eating ecological spaces such as grassland, wetland, forest and the like, and the following ecological problems such as water and soil loss, wetland atrophy, land desertification, sharp reduction of biological species and the like cause the phenomena of ecological system imbalance and ecological system service function decline at home and abroad. The reasonable ecological space partition planning is beneficial to ecological protection and development and utilization in all regions, has space decision in aspects of direction and strength, and can effectively relieve the contradiction between ecological space and construction requirements, so that scientific management and control of ecological space means sustainable development of homeland space. Aiming at the problems of continuous loss and fragmentation of ecological space, the current urban management process still lacks corresponding effective ways for space management and control. Therefore, exploring how to reasonably divide the ecological space control area has important significance for maintaining the stable development of the ecological system environment, guaranteeing and improving the supply level of the ecological system service, constructing a sustainable ecological safety pattern and improving the urban management capability.
Regarding the ecological space control partitioning method, the related researches in the past (mulberry eye, county ecological space partitioning management and control research [ D ] Beijing industry university, 2019.) use the current land utilization type and natural resources as the main space partitioning basis, and ignore the diversity of ecological system services and the ecological system service value contained in the ecological space, and other important connotations about human welfare. Although people gradually realize the functional attributes of the ecosystem service of the ecological space, and practice and research for incorporating the ecosystem service into the control partition of the ecological space are increasing in recent years, most researches are only based on the supply level of the ecosystem service, and the control partition result of the ecological space is judged by constructing a two-dimensional matrix model of the ecosystem service and ecological sensitivity. And partial researches (Ai Xin, lan yan, zheng Xi. Urban ecological space zoning researches based on ecological system service collaborative gain, such as Beijing urban ecological conservation zones [ J ]. Landscape gardens, 2020,27 (11): 82-89.) analyze the balanced collaborative relationship among ecological system services, and establish an ecological space control zoning method with the aim of ecological system service low-balanced high-collaboration. However, at present, no relevant research is concerned about the requirement of people on the ecosystem service, the requirement of people on the ecosystem service has high social characteristics, and the ecological space control partition analysis without considering the ecosystem service requirement may cause the disjointing of the partition result and the human social relationship. One of the deficiencies of the existing ecological space regulation and zoning research is that the ecological system service requirement index is not included in the zoning research system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological space control zoning method based on the ecological system service supply and demand relationship, the invention firstly determines an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecological system service according to the key ecological system service in a research area and the running principle of an INVEST model, then evaluates and maps the supply level of each ecological system service by using the INVEST model and ArcGIS software, calculates the comprehensive value of the ecological system service at the supply side according to the unified dimension method of the economic value of the ecological system service, represents the service demand level of the ecological system by using population density indexes, and finally obtains the ecological space control zoning result of the research area according to a two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix of the ecological system service supply and demand relationship. The method has scientific, universal and reproducible steps, is suitable for quantitative measurement of the ecosystem service supply and demand level and ecological space control area division under a specific time frame in any area, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for an ecological space control scheme and corresponding management measures.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
An ecological space control partition method based on an ecological system service supply and demand relationship comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening out the key ecosystem service type in a research area;
(2) Establishing an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecosystem service based on an INVEST model according to the ecosystem service types, searching corresponding data sets and ecological attributes corresponding to various required land utilization types according to the evaluation method, and performing measurement and drawing on each ecosystem service to obtain a spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service in a research area;
(3) Obtaining a comprehensive value space distribution diagram of the ecosystem service in the research area according to the service measurement results of the ecosystems obtained in the step (2);
(4) Acquiring superposed spatial distribution maps of ecological system service comprehensive values and population densities of different spatial types based on positive correlation between population densities and ecological system service demands;
(5) And (4) partitioning the different space types obtained in the step (4), proposing corresponding space partitioning principles according to different areas, and carrying out corresponding grid processing to obtain a final research area ecological space control partition space distribution map.
Preferably, the ecosystem service types include environmental quality, carbon storage, water supply and soil conservation.
Preferably, the data set content includes data type, data precision, basic data source and data processing method.
Preferably, the step (2) specifically comprises: determining an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecosystem service based on an INVEST model, then searching a corresponding data set and ecological attributes corresponding to various required land use types according to a formula in the evaluation method based on the data availability and the inherent difference among the ecosystem services, and then measuring and drawing each ecosystem service according to the evaluation method by using the INVEST model and ArcGIS software to obtain a spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service in a research area; specifically, the ecosystem services include habitat quality, carbon storage, water supply, soil conservation;
the evaluation mode of the habitat quality is as follows:
wherein Q is xj Measuring the habitat quality of the grid unit x in the land use type j, namely the habitat quality service measurement value of the grid unit x; h j A habitat attribute for land use type j; k is a half-saturation constant; z is a normalization constant; d xj Is the degree of environmental degradation; r is the number of threat sources; w is a r A weight of a threat source r; y is r The number of grids in the land use type graph for the threat source layer; r is y The number of threat sources on each grid unit in the land use type graph is determined; s jr Susceptibility to threat source r for type j land use; i.e. i rxy Influence of a threat source r in a threat source grid unit y on an environment grid unit x; d xy Is the distance of the environmental grid cell x from the threat source grid cell y, d rmax The influence range of a threat source r; beta is a x To the extent of protection;
the evaluation mode of carbon storage was:
C x ＝C x_above +C x_below +C x_soil +C x_dead
wherein, C x Storing the service measure value for the carbon density of the grid unit x in the research area, namely the carbon storage service measure value of the grid unit x; c x_above Carbon density of aboveground biomass of land utilization type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_below Carbon density of underground biomass of the land use type corresponding to grid unit x; c x_soil The carbon density of the soil of the land utilization type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_dead Is the dead organic matter carbon density of the land utilization type corresponding to the grid cell x;
the evaluation mode of the water source supply is as follows:
PET(x)＝K c (x)·ET 0 (x)
AWC(x)＝Min(SoilDepth,RootDepth)·PAWC
PAWC＝FMC-WC
FMC＝0.003075SAN+0.005886SIL+0.008039CLA+0.00380659C-0.1434BUL
WC＝0.000059SAN+0.001142SIL+0.005766CLA+0.002208C-0.0261BUL
wherein Y (x) is the annual water yield of the grid unit x in the research area, namely the water source supply service measurement value of the grid unit x; AET (x) is the annual actual evapotranspiration for grid cell x; p (x) is the annual precipitation of grid cell x, PET (x) is the potential evapotranspiration; w (x) is a non-physical parameter of nature-soil properties; ET 0 (x) A reference crop evapotranspiration that is grid cell x; k c (x) The vegetation evapotranspiration coefficient for specific land utilization in the grid cell x; z is a seasonal constant; AWC (x) is the effective water content of the soil; the PAWC is the water content of the plant; soilDepth is the maximum root burial depth of the soil; rootDepth is the plant root depth; FMC represents field water capacity; WC denotes the permanent wilting coefficient; SAN is sand grain content, SIL is powder grain content, CLA is clay grain content, C is organic carbon content (%), and BUL is soil volume weight;
the soil retention was evaluated in the following manner:
A x ＝rkls x -usle x
rkls x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x
usle x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x ·C x ·P x
K x ＝(-0.01383+0.51575K epic )×0.1318
SN 1 ＝100-SAN
wherein A is x The soil conservation service metric value of the grid unit x is the soil conservation quantity of the unit x; rkls x The annual potential soil erosion amount for grid i; ule x The annual actual soil erosion amount, R, of grid i x Is a rainfall erosive factor; k epic A soil erodibility factor based on an EPIC model for grid cell x; k x Modifying the soil erodibility factor of the grid unit x based on the EPIC model; LS (least squares) x Is a slope length factor; c x Is a vegetation coverage factor; p x Factors for water and soil conservation measures; p is annual rainfall; SAN is the sand content; SIL is the content of powder particles; CLA is the content of clay; c is the organic carbon content; SN (SN) 1 The contents of the components except the gravel are shown.
Preferably, the step (3) specifically comprises: giving each service weight, unifying each service dimension, and performing weighted superposition on each service measure result in ArcGIS software to obtain a comprehensive value space distribution diagram of the ecological system service in the research area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
E general assembly ＝X 1 ·P 1 +X 2 ·P 2 +X 3 ·P 3 +...+X n ·P n (1)
Wherein, E General assembly Is the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service; x n Is the nth ecosystem service measurement value, P, obtained in the step (2) n The ecological economic weight value corresponding to the nth ecosystem service is n, and the number of the key ecosystem service types in the research area is n.
Preferably, the step (4) specifically comprises: based on the positive correlation relationship between population density and the ecosystem service demand, selecting population density as an index for representing the ecosystem service demand level, classifying the population density distribution map of a research area and the ecosystem service comprehensive value space distribution map obtained in the step (3) according to a natural discontinuous classification method, dividing the population density distribution map into three level sections, namely a low level section, a medium level section and a high level section, judging a matrix according to the two-dimensional correlation of the ecosystem service supply and demand relationship, and performing grid superposition on the population density and the level results of the ecosystem service comprehensive value in ArcGIS software to obtain the ecosystem service comprehensive value and population density superposed space distribution map with 9 space types.
Preferably, the two-dimensional association judgment matrix of the ecosystem service supply and demand relationship divides population density and the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service into three level sections, namely a low level section, a medium level section and a high level section, and each section is combined into a two-dimensional association judgment matrix in a pairwise correspondence manner, so that the two-dimensional association judgment matrix of the ecosystem service supply and demand relationship comprises the following 9 space types: low ecosystem service value-low population density; moderate ecosystem service value-low population density; high ecosystem service value-low population density; low ecosystem service value-medium population density; middle ecosystem service value-middle population density; high ecosystem service value-median population density; low ecosystem service value-high population density; moderate ecosystem service value-high population density; high ecosystem service value-high population density.
Preferably, in the step (5), different space types are divided into a moderate development area, an ecological restoration area and an ecological protection area, wherein the moderate development area is an urban expansion construction area which is moderately expanded under the condition of meeting the requirements of corresponding population; the ecological restoration area is an area where the ecological system service value level is low and the requirements of the population on the ecological system service cannot be met; the ecological protection area is an important ecological functional area and an ecological barrier, and the grade of the service value of the ecological system which can be provided is medium or high; according to the definition of the three types of partitions, a corresponding space partition principle is provided, corresponding grid processing is carried out in ArcGIS software, and a final study area ecological space control partition space distribution map is obtained.
Preferably, the spatial division principle includes:
in principle 1, an area with a low ecosystem service value level is an ecological restoration area;
the ecological protection area is defined as the ecological system with the middle or high service value grade according to the principle 2;
and 3, a medium ecosystem service value-medium population density is a moderate development area, if the economic benefit of development of a certain area is greater than the ecological cost, the moderate development area is divided, and otherwise, the moderate development area is an ecological protection area.
Preferably, the grid processing is specifically to use a reclassification tool of ArcGIS software to reclassify the 9 types of spaces of the ecosystem service comprehensive value and population density superposition space distribution diagram obtained in the step (4) into the 3 types of spaces described in claim 8, and the operation result is the ecological space control partition space distribution diagram.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method is based on objective ecological economics, converts the measurement result of the key ecological system service supply level in the research area into the ecological system service economic value which is uniform in dimension and convenient for longitudinal comparison of different year values, superposes all the ecological system service economic values on the basis to obtain the comprehensive value of the ecological system service in the research area, and then divides the ecological space control area based on the two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix of the ecological system service supply and demand relationship by combining population density spatial distribution data. The invention embodies the ecological priority principle and shows how to carry out local ecological control partition practice under the view point of combining the supply and demand of the ecological system service. Meanwhile, the steps of the method are scientific, universal and reproducible, and the data processing and the space analysis related to the process can be realized through ArcGIS software and an open source INVEST model which are widely used in multiple fields such as ecology, geography, planning and the like at present, and the method is applied to quantitative measurement of the ecological system service supply and demand level and control partition of an ecological space in a research area under a specific time frame in any area and has important significance for realizing ecological system service supply and demand balance and scientific ecological planning.
(2) Compared with the previous research of ecological space division based on land utilization types and natural protection areas and the research of ecological space control subareas based on the ecological system service supply side, the method and the device have the advantages that quantitative analysis of ecological system service supply and demand levels is carried out simultaneously, and the supply side and the demand side of the ecological system service are spatially coupled through the two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix, so that the disjointing of the ecological space control subarea result and the human social relation is avoided, a way for processing the social-ecological system under the ecological civilization background is provided from the space planning aspect, and valuable practical paths and planning means are provided for ecological space planning under the national space control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a spatial distribution map of the habitat quality of service supply level obtained in step (2) of the embodiment;
FIG. 2b is a spatial distribution map of the carbon storage service supply levels obtained in step (2) of the example;
FIG. 2c is a spatial distribution map of the water source supply service supply levels obtained in step (2) of the example;
FIG. 2d is a map of the spatial distribution of soil maintenance service supply levels obtained in step (2) of the example;
FIG. 3 is the spatial distribution map of the ecosystem service integrated value obtained in the embodiment step (3);
FIG. 4 is a spatial distribution map of population density obtained in step (4) of the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a spatial distribution map of the ecosystem service composite value and population density overlay obtained in step (4) of the embodiment;
fig. 6 is a spatial distribution map of the controlled ecological space partition obtained in step (5) of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The features of the invention will be further elucidated by the following examples, without limiting the claims of the invention in any way.
In this embodiment, a hong kong and australia gulf area is selected as a research area, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for partitioning an ecological space based on an ecosystem service supply and demand relationship includes the following steps:
(1) Screening out key ecosystem services of a research area based on environmental characteristics of the research area, core ecological problems and relevant literature induction and policy interpretation, wherein the types of the ecosystem services comprise ecological quality, carbon storage, water source supply and soil conservation;
(2) According to the ecosystem service which is selected in the research area and is key in the step (1), an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecosystem service is determined based on the operation principle of the corresponding module in the INVEST model, as shown in the table 2, and then a corresponding data set (as shown in the table 6) and ecological attributes (as shown in the tables 1 to 5) corresponding to different land utilization types are searched according to the formula in the evaluation method based on the data availability and the inherent difference between the single ecosystem services. In the present embodiment, the types of land utilization in the research area are divided into 6 primary types and 20 secondary types, which are, respectively, cultivated lands (paddy field, dry land), woodlands (woodland, shrubbery, sparse land, other woodland), grasslands (high-coverage grassland, medium-coverage grassland, low-coverage grassland), water areas (canal, lake, reservoir pond, mudflat, shoal land), construction land (town land, rural residential site, other construction land), and unutilized land (sand land, marshland, bare land). On the basis, an INVEST model and ArcGIS software are utilized to measure and map various ecosystem services according to an evaluation method, and a spatial distribution map (shown in fig. 2a, fig. 2b, fig. 2c and fig. 2 d) of the various ecosystem services in the research area is obtained;
the evaluation mode of the habitat quality is as follows:
wherein Q is xj Measuring the habitat quality of the grid unit x in the land use type j, namely the habitat quality service measurement value of the grid unit x; h j A habitat attribute for land use type j; k is a half-saturation constant; z is a normalization constant, set to 2.5; d xj The degree of environmental degradation; r is the number of threat sources; w is a r A weight of a threat source r; yr is the number of grids of the threat source layer in the land use type graph; r is y The number of threat sources on each grid unit in the land use type graph is determined; s jr Susceptibility to threat source r for type j land use; i.e. i rxy Influence of a threat source r in a threat source grid unit y on an environment grid unit x; d xy Is the distance of the environmental grid cell x from the threat source grid cell y, d rmax The influence range of a threat source r; beta is a x To a degree of protection, set to 1; by combining the spatial characteristics of the Guangdong, hongkong and Australian bay areas, the woodland, the grassland, the water area and the marshland are defined as habitats, and the town land, the rural residential areas, other construction land, the paddy field, the dry land, the sand land and the bare land are defined as non-habitats. The source of the threat in the gulf area and its maximum threat distance, weight and attenuation type are shown in table 1. The habitat suitability of the gulf region and its relative sensitivity to different sources of threat are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 threat sources and their maximum threat distance, weight and attenuation types
TABLE 2 habitat suitability and its relative sensitivity to different threat sources
The carbon storage was evaluated in the following manner:
C x ＝C x_above +C x_below +C x_soil +C x_dead
wherein, C x Storing the service measure value for the carbon density of the grid unit x in the study area, namely the carbon of the grid unit x; c x_above Carbon density of aboveground biomass of land utilization type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_below Carbon density of underground biomass of the land use type corresponding to grid unit x; c x_soil Refers to the carbon density of the soil of the land use type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_dead Is the dead organic matter carbon density of the land utilization type corresponding to the grid cell x; the proportion of the carbon reserves of the dead organic matters in the comprehensive carbon reserves is relatively small, and calculation is not carried out in the embodiment; the carbon density values for the various types of land used in the gulf area are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 carbon Density values for various land utilization types in the Bay area of hong Kong and Australia
The evaluation method of water supply is as follows:
PET(x)＝K c (x)·ET 0 (x)
AWC(x)＝Min(SoilDepth,RootDepth)·PAWC
PAWC＝FMC-WC
FMC＝0.003075SAN+0.005886SIL+0.008039CLA+0.00380659C-0.1434BUL
WC＝0.000059SAN+0.001142SIL+0.005766CLA+0.002208C-0.0261BUL
wherein Y (x) is the annual water yield of the grid unit x in the research area, namely the water source supply service measurement value of the grid unit x; AET (x) is the annual actual evapotranspiration for grid cell x; p (x) is the annual precipitation of grid cell x, PET (x) is the potential evapotranspiration; w (x) is a non-physical parameter of nature-soil properties; ET 0 (x) A reference crop evapotranspiration that is grid cell x; k c (x) The vegetation evapotranspiration coefficient for specific land utilization in the grid unit x; z is a seasonal constant; AWC (x) is the effective water content of the soil; the PAWC is the water content of the plants; soilDepth is the maximum root system burial depth of the soil; rootDepth is the depth of the plant root system; FMC represents field water capacity; WC denotes permanent wilting factor; SAN is sand grain content (%), SIL is powder grain content (%), CLA is clay grain content (%), C is organic carbon content (%), and BUL is soil volume weight; the root depths and the values of the plant evapotranspiration coefficients Kc for various types of land used in the gulf are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 root depth and plant evapotranspiration coefficient Kc values for various types of land in Bay, hong Kong and Australia
The soil retention was evaluated in the following manner:
A x ＝rkls x -usle x
rkls x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x
usle x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x ·C x ·P x
K x ＝(-0.01383+0.51575K epic )×0.1318
SN 1 ＝100-SAN
wherein A is x The soil conservation service metric value of the grid unit x is the soil conservation quantity of the unit x; rkls x The annual potential soil erosion amount for grid x; usle x The annual actual soil erosion amount, R, of grid x x Is a precipitation erosive factor; k epic A grid x soil erodibility factor based on EPIC model; k is x Correcting the grid x based on an EPIC model to obtain a soil erodibility factor; LS (least squares) x Is a slope length factor; c x Is a vegetation coverage factor; p is x Factors for water and soil conservation measures; p is annual rainfall; SAN is the sand content; SIL is the content of powder particles; CLA is the content of clay particles; c is the organic carbon content; SN (SN) 1 The contents of the components except the gravel are shown. The values for C and P for the various types of land used in the gulf zone are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5C, P values for different land use types
Table 6 respective data sets for evaluating service provision levels of 4 ecosystems
(3) Based on the service measurement results of the ecosystems obtained in the step (2), giving weights to the single services, unifying the service dimensions, and performing superposition calculation on the services to obtain the comprehensive value of the ecosystems in the research area, wherein the calculation formula is shown as formula 2:
E general assembly ＝X 1 ·P 1 +X 2 ·P 2 +X 3 ·P 3 +X 4 ·P 4 (2)
Wherein E is General (1) The ecological system service comprehensive value (element) reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of the ecological system service supply quantity of the region to a certain extent; x 1 Denotes the habitat quality index, P 1 The functional value of habitat per unit area is represented by 2097.5 yuan/hm 2 ；X 2 Denotes the water supply (mm), P 2 The construction cost of a reservoir with unit storage capacity is generally 0.67 yuan/m 3 Converting the unit during grid calculation and then taking 6.7; x 3 Denotes the carbon storage amount (t), P 3 The average afforestation cost of China is 240.03 yuan/m calculated by adopting the afforestation cost method 3 Is converted into 260.9 yuan/t, namely P 3 Taking 260.9 yuan/t; x 4 Indicates the soil retention amount (t), P 4 The average economic value of the soil quantity kept per ton is expressed, and 57.24 yuan/t is taken; based on the method, performing weighted superposition processing on the spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service obtained in the step (2) in ArcGIS software to obtain a comprehensive value spatial distribution map of the ecosystem service (as shown in figure 3);
(4) Based on the positive correlation between population density and ecosystem service demand, namely, the area with higher population density has larger ecosystem service demand, the population density is selected as the representation ecosystemThe service demand level index is that population density grid data (the precision is 1km, the source is a resource environment scientific data center of the Chinese academy of sciences) in 2018 is utilized, and a population density spatial distribution map is manufactured by combining ArcGIS software (as shown in figure 4). And (3) classifying the population density spatial distribution map of the research area and the ecological system service comprehensive value spatial distribution map obtained in the step (3) according to a natural discontinuity classification method, finely adjusting discontinuity points by combining regional characteristics, and dividing the discontinuity points into three grade intervals, namely a low grade interval, a medium grade interval and a high grade interval: the population density is 0-600 people/km 2 Is low, 600-2800 persons/km 2 2800 persons/km in middle 2 Above is high; the service value of the ecosystem is between 0 and 30000 yuan/hm 2 Is low, 30000-70000 yuan/hm 2 Is medium, 70000 yuan/hm 2 The above values are high, and according to a two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix (see table 7) of the ecosystem service supply and demand relationship in the research area, grid superposition is performed on the level results of population density and the ecosystem service comprehensive value in ArcGIS software to obtain a population density spatial distribution map and a population density superposition spatial distribution map (as shown in fig. 6) with 9 ecosystem service values-population density spatial types;
table 7 two-dimensional association judgment matrix for service supply and demand relations of ecosystem in Bay district of Guangdong, hongkong, australia
(5) Dividing the 9 types of spaces obtained in the step (4) into a moderate development area, an ecological restoration area and an ecological protection area, wherein the moderate development area is an urban expansion construction area which can be moderately expanded under the condition of meeting the corresponding population requirements; the ecological restoration area is an area where the ecological system service value level is low and the requirements of the population on ecological services cannot be met; the ecological protection area is an important ecological functional area and an ecological barrier, and the grade of the service value of the ecological system which can be provided is medium or high. Based on the definition of the three types of subareas and a local territorial space development strategy (a development strategy of a bay area), three principles of space division are provided:
in principle 1, an area with a low ecosystem service value level is an ecological restoration area;
principle 2, protecting the area with the middle or high service value grade of the ecosystem as much as possible;
principle 3, a middle ecosystem service value-middle population density (22) is a moderate development area, and by taking the moderate development area as a reference, if the economic benefit of development in a certain area is greater than the ecological cost, the moderate development area can be classified, otherwise, the moderate development area is an ecological protection area;
according to the three principles, the moderate development area comprises a middle ecosystem service value-middle population density (22) and a middle ecosystem service value-high population density (23), the ecological restoration area comprises a low ecosystem service value-low population density (11), a low ecosystem service value-middle population density (12) and a low ecosystem service value-high population density (13), and the ecological protection area comprises a middle ecosystem service value-low population density (21), a high ecosystem service value-low population density (31), a high ecosystem service value-middle population density (32) and a high ecosystem service value-high population density (33). According to the space division method, reclassification mapping is performed on the map 5 in the ArcGIS software, so as to obtain a final bay area ecological space control partition space distribution map (as shown in FIG. 6).
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and equivalents substituted for elements thereof to achieve the same technical result; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological space control partition method based on an ecological system service supply and demand relationship is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening out the key ecosystem service type of the research area from the ecological environment characteristics of the research area;
(2) Establishing an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecosystem service based on an INVEST model according to the ecosystem service types, searching corresponding data sets and ecological attributes corresponding to various required land utilization types according to the evaluation method, and performing measurement and drawing on each ecosystem service to obtain a spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service in a research area;
(3) Obtaining a comprehensive value space distribution diagram of the ecosystem service in the research area according to the service measurement results of the ecosystems obtained in the step (2); giving each service weight, unifying each service dimension by using the ecological economic value coefficient, and performing weighted superposition on each service measure result in ArcGIS software to obtain a comprehensive value space distribution diagram of the ecological system service in a research area, namely an ecological system service supply distribution diagram, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
E general assembly ＝X 1 ·P 1 +X 2 ·P 2 +X 3 ·P 3 +...+X n ·P n (1)
Wherein E is General assembly Is the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service; x n Is the nth ecosystem service measurement value, P, obtained in the step (2) n Is the ecological economic weight value corresponding to the nth ecosystem service, and n is the number of the key ecosystem service types in the research area;
(4) Acquiring the superimposed spatial distribution diagram of the comprehensive value and population density of the ecosystem service in different spatial types based on the positive correlation between population density and the ecosystem service demand, and specifically comprising the following steps: selecting population density as an index for representing the service demand level of the ecosystem based on the positive correlation relationship between the population density and the service demand of the ecosystem, classifying the population density distribution graph of a research area and the spatial distribution graph of the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service obtained in the step (3) according to a natural discontinuous classification method, dividing the population density distribution graph into three level intervals, namely a low level interval, a middle level interval and a high level interval, performing grid superposition on the level results of the population density and the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service in ArcGIS software according to a two-dimensional correlation judgment matrix of the supply and demand relationship of the ecosystem service, and obtaining the spatial distribution graph of the comprehensive value of the ecosystem service and the population density superposition of different spatial types;
(5) And (4) partitioning the different space types obtained in the step (4), proposing corresponding space partitioning principles according to different areas, and carrying out corresponding grid processing to obtain a final research area ecological space control partition space distribution map.
2. The method for controlling and partitioning an ecological space based on the ecosystem service supply-demand relationship according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises: determining an evaluation method for evaluating the supply level of each ecosystem service based on an INVEST model, then searching a corresponding data set and ecological attributes corresponding to various required land use types according to a formula in the evaluation method based on the data availability and the inherent difference among the ecosystem services, and then measuring and drawing each ecosystem service according to the evaluation method by using the INVEST model and ArcGIS software to obtain a spatial distribution map of each ecosystem service in a research area; specifically, the ecosystem services include habitat quality, carbon storage, water supply, soil conservation;
the evaluation mode of the habitat quality is as follows:
wherein Q is xj For land utilizationThe habitat quality of the grid cell x in the type j, namely the habitat quality service measurement value of the grid cell x; h j The habitat attributes of the land use type j; k is a half-saturation constant; z is a normalization constant; d xj Is the degree of environmental degradation; r is the number of threat sources; w is a r A weight of a threat source r; y is r The number of grids in a land use type graph for a threat source layer; r is y The number of threat sources on each grid unit in the land use type graph is determined; s jr Susceptibility to threat source r for type j land use; i.e. i rxy Influence of a threat source r in a threat source grid unit y on an environment grid unit x; d xy Is the distance of the environmental grid cell x from the threat source grid cell y, d rmax The influence range of a threat source r; beta is a x To the extent of protection;
the evaluation mode of carbon storage was:
C x ＝C x_above +C x_below +C x_soil +C x_dead
wherein, C x Storing the service measure value for the carbon density of the grid unit x in the research area, namely the carbon storage service measure value of the grid unit x; c x_above Carbon density of aboveground biomass of land utilization type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_below Carbon density of underground biomass of the land use type corresponding to grid unit x; c x_soil Refers to the carbon density of the soil of the land use type corresponding to the grid unit x; c x_dead Is the dead organic matter carbon density of the land utilization type corresponding to the grid cell x;
the evaluation mode of the water source supply is as follows:
PET(x)＝K c (x)·ET 0 (x)
AWC(x)＝Min(SoilDepth,RootDepth)·PAWC
PAWC＝FMC-WC
FMC＝0.003075SAN+0.005886SIL+0.008039CLA+0.00380659C-0.1434BUL
WC＝0.000059SAN+0.001142SIL+0.005766CLA+0.002208C-0.0261BUL
wherein Y (x) is the annual water yield of the grid unit x in the research area, namely the water source supply service measurement value of the grid unit x; AET (x) is the annual actual evapotranspiration for grid cell x; p (x) is the annual precipitation of grid cell x, PET (x) is the potential evapotranspiration; w (x) is a non-physical parameter of nature-soil properties; ET 0 (x) A reference crop evapotranspiration that is grid cell x; k c (x) The vegetation evapotranspiration coefficient for specific land utilization in the grid unit x; z is a seasonal constant; AWC (x) is the effective water content of the soil; the PAWC is the water content of the plant; soilDepth is the maximum root system burial depth of the soil; rootDepth is the depth of the plant root system; FMC represents field water capacity; WC denotes the permanent wilting coefficient; SAN is sand grain content, SIL is powder grain content, CLA is clay grain content, C is organic carbon content, BUL is soil volume weight;
the soil retention was evaluated in the following manner:
A x ＝rkls x -usle x
rkls x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x
usle x ＝R x ·K x ·LS x ·C x ·P x
K x ＝(-0.01383+0.51575K epic )×0.1318
SN 1 ＝100-SAN
wherein A is x The soil conservation service metric value of the grid unit x is the soil conservation quantity of the unit x; rkls x The annual potential soil erosion amount for grid i; usle x The annual actual soil erosion amount of grid i, R x Is a precipitation erosive factor; k epic A soil erodibility factor based on the EPIC model for grid cell x; k x Modifying the soil erodibility factor of the grid unit x based on the EPIC model; LS (least squares) x Is a slope length factor; c x Is a vegetation coverage factor; p x Factors for water and soil conservation measures; p is annual rainfall; SAN is the sand content; SIL is the content of powder particles; CLA is the content of clay particles; c is the organic carbon content; SN (service provider) 1 The contents of the components except the gravel are shown.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional association judgment matrix of ecosystem service supply and demand relationship divides population density and ecosystem service integrated value into three levels of low, medium and high, and each two levels are combined into two-dimensional association judgment matrix, so that the two-dimensional association judgment matrix of ecosystem service supply and demand relationship includes the following 9 space types: low ecosystem service value-low population density; medium ecosystem service value-low population density; high ecosystem service value-low population density; low ecosystem service value-medium population density; middle ecosystem service value-middle population density; high ecosystem service value-median population density; low ecosystem service value-high population density; moderate ecosystem service value-high population density; high ecosystem service value-high population density.
4. The ecological space control and partitioning method based on the ecosystem service supply and demand relationship is characterized in that in the step (5), different space types are divided into a moderate development area, an ecological restoration area and an ecological protection area, wherein the moderate development area is an urban expansion construction area which is moderately expanded under the condition that the corresponding population requirements are met; the ecological restoration area is an area where the ecological system service value level is low and the requirements of the population on the ecological system service cannot be met; the ecological protection area is an important ecological functional area and an ecological barrier, and the grade of the service value of the ecological system which can be provided is medium or high; according to the definition of the three types of partitions, a corresponding space partition principle is provided, corresponding grid processing is carried out in ArcGIS software, and a final study area ecological space control partition space distribution map is obtained.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the space partition principle comprises:
in principle 1, an area with a low ecosystem service value level is an ecological restoration area;
the ecological protection area is defined as the ecological system with the middle or high service value grade according to the principle 2;
and 3, a medium ecosystem service value-medium population density is a moderate development area, if the economic benefit of development of a certain area is greater than the ecological cost, the moderate development area is divided, and otherwise, the moderate development area is an ecological protection area.
6. The ecosystem space control and partitioning method based on ecosystem service supply and demand relations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grid processing is specifically to use a reclassification tool of ArcGIS software to reclassify the 9 types of spaces of the ecosystem service comprehensive value and population density superimposed space distribution diagram obtained in the step (4) into 3 types of spaces according to a moderate development area, an ecological restoration area and an ecological protection area, and the operation result is the ecosystem space control and partitioning space distribution diagram.
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