CN107247747B - A kind of regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method, comprising: divides evaluation region using normal grid, grid is made unit as basic unit, does space intersection analysis with collected spatial data；The spacial distribution density of pressure source is calculated on the net in Unit Cell, pressure density is normalized on this basis, generates pressure source strength grid distribution map；Habitat quality index is calculated on the net in Unit Cell；Set the spatial model of ecological pressure；The impact factor for setting pressure source, calculates ecological pressure index in Unit Cell on the net, obtains the spatial grid of pressure；Response index is calculated on the net in Unit Cell, obtains the spatial grid of Eco response index；Habitat quality composite index is calculated on the net in cell, generates the grid distribution map of habitat quality composite index.Comprehensive analysis method proposed by the invention can effectively integrate ecological pressure, state, the logical relation between response factor, meet the demand of habitat quality composite mapping and analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to region environment geography national conditions Information Statistics analyses to be based on monitoring field more particularly to one kind
The regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method of ecological pressure, three state, response aspects.
Background technique
Currently, energy resources relative deficiency, bearing capacity of ecological environment do not have become by force the fundamental realities of the country in China.Geographical state
Feelings are important the fundamental realities of the country, are from geographical angle analysis, research and description national conditions.Natural ecology geography national conditions are with the earth
Spatial variations and correlation, feature between them of natural, the biological and humane phenomenon in surface layer etc. are basic content, to composition
The various geographical national conditions elements of ecological environment make broad perspectives, globality, comprehensive description.
With the high speed development of economic society, China's earth's surface is constantly aggravated with political geography national conditions variation process naturally, special
It is not that the problems such as current china natural resources constraint is becoming tight, environmental pollution is serious, ecosystem degradation becomes increasingly conspicuous.Existing research table
Bright, the mankind are cause the current deterioration of the ecological environment and bio-diversity to fall sharply main to the unordered development and utilization of earth's surface resource
One of reason, therefore, from the visual angle of geographical national conditions, in large-scale dimension range research natural ecology geography national conditions quality and
Its relationship between mankind's activity, for realizing that resources environment carrying capacity assessment and early warning, cities and counties' space planning establishment are (more
Rule unification), leading cadre's natural resource assets leave one's post audit etc. work have great significance.
" pressure-state-response " (PSR, Pressures-State-Responses) model is by economic cooperation and development
Organize (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD) and united nations environment
Planning Department (UNEP) proposes jointly in late 1980s, from the interaction and influence of the mankind and the ecosystem to life
State index carries out tissue typing, has stronger systematicness." pressure " refers in social, process of economic development since the mankind open
Natural resources and the variation using physical environment caused by soil are sent out, these pressure artificially generated pass through in nature to be turned
It moves, conversion, eventually leads to ecological environment, the especially change of natural ecology geography national conditions situation；" state " is mainly by quantitative
Or qualitatively index describes the physical states of natural ecology geography national conditions；That " response " is embodied is social (group, individual)
The counter-measure taken with government by prevention, compensation and the variation of adaptation landscape pattern.PSR framework is beneficial to express the mankind
Causality between activity and Research on Changes of Landscape Pattern, helps to formulate corresponding space planning and environmental strategy.Currently, PSR
Model is mainly used in Analysis of Landscape Ecology and assessment, to used landscape index/index according to pressure, state, response
Classification, carries out qualitative evaluation to the index in each classification, PSR model internal logic can be efficiently used by still lacking one kind respectively
The quantitative analysis method of relationship is not able to satisfy the demand of regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive quantitative analysis.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensives to estimate
Method is conducive to make up single index or index fails the deficiency for reflecting natural ecology quality evolutionary process comprehensively, based on ecology
Pressure, state, response model form Synthetic Measurement index that meet application demand, complete to meet region environment geography
The demand of national conditions monitoring and evaluation.
Natural ecology geography national conditions quality comprehensive proposed by the invention estimates index and does not contain absolute ecological meaning,
It is mainly used for compare areal multidate under or comparison different zones between ecological ragime, and the evaluation method not by
The influence of region area difference.The method comprise the steps that
S2 divides evaluation region using normal grid, and grid is made unit as natural ecology geography national conditions and analyzes and makes
The basic unit of figure does space intersection analysis with collected spatial data；
S3 chooses geographic element as pressure source, the spacial distribution density of pressure source is calculated on the net in Unit Cell, in this base
Pressure density is normalized on plinth, generates pressure source strength grid distribution map；
S4 calculates habitat quality index in Unit Cell on the net；
S5 sets the spatial model of ecological pressure, establishes ecological pressure with apart from increased decline formula；
S6 sets the impact factor of pressure source, according to the spatial feature of pressure source, calculates ecology on the net in Unit Cell
Pressure index obtains the spatial grid of pressure；
Response index is established in S7, the ecological protection measure taken according to region, calculates response index on the net in Unit Cell,
Obtain the spatial grid of Eco response index；
It is comprehensive to calculate habitat quality in cell on the net by S8, the ecological pressure based on the state of grid unit and suffered by it
Hop index generates the grid distribution map of habitat quality composite index.
From the above, it can be seen that the present invention provides a kind of flexibly regional nature ecogeography national conditions based on grid unit
Synthetic Measurement method, its advantage is that the index of three pressure relevant to ecological environment, state and response aspects is passed through interior
Logical relation integrated, calculated result can be shown in the form of latice.It in practical applications, can be according to specific requirements
Corresponding pressure, state, response index are selected, overall merit and system are carried out in the way of the index comprehensive given by the present invention
Figure.
The beneficial effect comprise that
Comprehensive analysis method proposed by the invention can effectively integrate ecological pressure, state, patrolling between response factor
The relationship of collecting, meets the demand of habitat quality composite mapping and analysis.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, the accompanying drawings in the following description is some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is ecological environment qualitative analysis model referenced by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the reference flowchart that the natural ecology geography national conditions quality comprehensive proposed the present invention is based on PSR model is estimated
Figure；
Fig. 4 is three kinds of calculating functions employed in ecological pressure propagation model of the present invention and it is corresponding
Sample；
Fig. 5 is the intensity of pressure spatial distribution map of the impervious surface and road in the embodiment of the present invention based on 1 kilometer of grid
And it is based on ecological pressure propagation model ecological pressure spatial distribution map calculated；
Fig. 6 is the sky of the habitat quality index and habitat quality composite index in the embodiment of the present invention based on 1 kilometer of grid
Between distribution map；
Fig. 7 is only to be considered ecological state (S) based on urban units in the embodiment of the present invention and considered ecological pressure simultaneously
The statistical result of ecological quality index in the case of two kinds of the influence (PS) to state；
Fig. 8 is to be considered ecological state, pressure (PS) based on urban units in the embodiment of the present invention and while being considered ecology
The statistical result of ecological quality index in the case of pressure, state, two kinds of response (PSR).
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein identical component is presented with like reference characters.
As shown in Figure 1, the propagation of ecological pressure can generate negative impact to ecological state in Ecological Environmental Evaluation,
And the environmental protection measure that Eco response is taken is mainly used for alleviating ecological pressure, so that positive influence is generated on ecological state,
The invention proposes the Quantitative Analysis Models based on PSR as a result,.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention propose natural ecology geography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method the following steps are included:
S1, spatial data are collected: being collected and the relevant land use (covering) of geography national conditions status, transportation network and impermeable
The spatial datas such as water ground surface, nature reserve area are as ecological state, pressure, the input data of response.
S2, regional space grid: evaluation region is divided using normal grid (for example, 1 kilometer × 1 kilometer), by grid
Make unit as basic unit natural ecology geography national conditions analysis and charted, does space intersection point with collected spatial data
Analysis.
S3, the demand that content is analyzed according to natural ecology geography national conditions choose geographic element as pressure source, in Unit Cell
The online spacial distribution density for calculating pressure source, is on this basis normalized pressure density, generates pressure source strength lattice
Net distribution map.
S4, calculate habitat quality index: habitat quality index mainly uses the habitat quality in reflection Evaluation: Current region,
Other indexes for describing ground mulching state, such as vegetation coverage etc. can be used.
The present invention uses " the state of ecological environment assessment technique specification (Press release) " of publication in Environmental Protection Department 2015
(HJ192-2015) state of the current landscape pattern of habitat quality index characterization in is based on region ground mulching data, in unit
Habitat quality index is calculated in grid, calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, SxIndicate the ecological state of grid unit x, i.e. habitat quality index, value range [0,100]；kbioIt indicates
The normalization coefficient of habitat quality index, reference value 2.8571；The number of n expression ground mulching type；AiIndicate i class earth's surface
The area of covering；CiIndicate the weight (being shown in Table 1) of i class ground mulching；The area of A expression unit grid.
Each earth's surface cover type fraction weight of 1 habitat quality index of table
S5, the spatial model for setting ecological pressure, establish ecological pressure with apart from increased decline formula.
Ecological pressure is set out from pressure source and is gradually failed to periphery, and ecological pressure is mainly derived from exploitation of the people to soil
Using activity, usually using the spatial distribution of impervious surface and transportation network as the source of ecological pressure, pressure source is to circumferentially
The influence in area is gradually failed around from pressure source.Influence of the pressure source to habitat depend primarily on it is following because
Element: the impact factor of pressure source itself, the intensity of pressure, coverage and the distance between pressure source and habitat.
Step 1): pressure density is calculated using area (or length) accounting of pressure source on grid unit, and carries out normalizing
Change.Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, dytIndicate the intensity of pressure of the pressure source t in unit y, value range [0,1]；dyt' indicate pressure source t in list
The pressure density of first y generallys use area accounting of the pressure source in grid or length accounting to indicate；dmaxAnd dminIndicate pressure
Power source t is in the online pressure density maximum and minimum value of Unit Cell, dminUsual value is 0.
Step 2): using pressure propagation analog function come the propagation of simulated ecological pressure space.The present invention mainly uses linearly
Three kinds of function, power function and exponential function modes indicate that ecological pressure can in the communication process of spatial surface, practical application
Corresponding circulation way is selected according to the difference of pressure source.
Fig. 4 illustrates the spatial example that the present invention uses three kinds of pressure propagation analog functions and point pressure source:
Linear function:
Power function:
Exponential function:
In formula: itxyIndicate the decaying exponential of pressure source t；X, y indicate grid unit, and wherein x indicates any in landscape
Grid unit, y indicate the grid unit where the t of threat source；dxyIt indicates in grid unit x and pressure source t between grid unit y
Space length；dtmaxIndicate the biggest impact range distance of pressure source t.
S6, the impact factor for setting pressure source, according to the spatial feature of pressure source (radius of influence, distribution density and
Circulation way), ecological pressure index is calculated on the net in Unit Cell, obtains the spatial grid of pressure.
Above-mentioned pressure propagation model need to meet following constraint condition, i.e., for a certain grid unit y on pressure source t,
The grid unit x all to surrounding (grid unit set X in y biggest impact radiusy) on the sum of influence be 1:
It is online in Unit Cell, calculate pressure influence suffered by each grid unit.Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, PxIndicate ecological pressure suffered by grid unit x, value range [0,1]；The number of T expression pressure source；Yt
Indicate that the distance unit x in pressure source t distribution map is less than the unit set in pressure source t biggest impact distance range；wtIt indicates
The impact factor of pressure source t, value range [0,1], the sum of impact factor of all pressure sources are 1.
Response index is established in S7, the ecological protection measure taken according to region, calculates response index on the net in Unit Cell,
Obtain the spatial grid of Eco response index.
The calculating of response index is based primarily upon the distribution of nature reserve area in region, the response index of each grid cell
Value range is [0,1], and calculation formula is as follows:
RxIndicate the Eco response index of grid unit x.
S8, ecological pressure (ecological pressure negative effect and Eco response based on the state of grid unit and suffered by it
Positive influences), preferably it is also conceivable to whether it belongs to nature reserve area, habitat quality synthesis is calculated on the net in cell and is referred to
Number generates the grid distribution map of habitat quality composite index.With specific reference to following formula:
Qx=Sx(1-Px(1-Rx))
In above formula, QxIndicate that the habitat quality composite index of grid unit x, value range are [0,100]；SxIndicate grid
The state index of unit x；PxIndicate the ecological pressure that grid unit x is subject to；RxIndicate the Eco response index of grid unit x.
S9, region habitat quality comprehensive assessment: on regional scale, being averaged for all grid unit composite indexes is calculated
Value, the superiority and inferiority of the regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality is characterized with this.
On regional scale, the average value of the habitat quality composite index of all grid units is calculated, region is characterized with this
Habitat quality composite index, value range are [0,100], which indicates that habitat quality is better closer to 100.Calculation formula is such as
Under:
In formula, Q indicates region habitat quality composite index；M indicates the number for all grid that region is included.
One example
Natural ecology geography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method proposed by the invention is tested using Jiangsu Province as test block,
Habitat quality composite index distribution map in Jiangsu Province's is drawn in 1 kilometer of grid, and the comprehensive of city-level cities gives birth to inside the province for comparative analysis
Border quality.
Test data mainly has Jiangsu Province's ground mulching data in 2015, including forest land, meadow, paddy field, nonirrigated farmland, house are built
Build seven land used, waters, open ground classifications；Transportation network data, including railway, national highway, provincial highway, county road Linear element；No
Dankly surface profile data is mainly made of the hardening earth's surface such as building construction, structures, road surface, construction site；Conservation of nature
Area boundary, including natural culture protection zone, Natural and Cultural Resource, scenic spot and tourist district, Forest Park, wet land protection
Area, six seed type of geological park.Shown in test result is as follows.
(a) in Fig. 5 (b) illustrates the space of Jiangsu Province's impervious surface and road pressure intensity in one kilometer of grid
Distribution map, (c) in Fig. 5, which is illustrated, comprehensively considers road by pressure propagation model and two kinds of pressure sources of impervious surface are resulting
Jiangsu Province's ecological pressure spatial distribution map, calculating parameter are shown in Table 2.
The setting of 2 pressure space propagation parameter of table
(a) in Fig. 6, (b) respectively show Jiangsu Province's ecology state (habitat quality index) and consider ecological pressure and
1 kilometer of grid spatial distribution map of the comprehensive ecological state (habitat quality composite index) after response.It sees on the whole, Jiangsu Province
Habitat quality index average value is 43.2, and after the influence for considering ecological pressure and response, habitat quality composite index mean value is
37.8.From distribution (Fig. 6), the main integrated distribution in the lower region of habitat quality the Zhenjiang of southern, Changzhou,
The Xuzhou and Lianyun Harbour in Taizhou and Nantong and northern territory；The influence of ecological pressure causes in the habitat of surrounding region of city
Quality declines, and in the densely distributed southern area of Jiangsu Province in city, habitat quality decline is obvious.
To test habitat quality comprehensive analysis method, it is assumed that each city fails to take effective Eco response measure, i.e. R=0,
The habitat quality index (S) and habitat quality composite index (PS only considers the influence of ecological pressure) for counting each city are (see figure
7), it can be seen from the figure that the habitat quality in each city declines, wherein Wuxi, Soviet Union after the influence of consideration ecological pressure
State, Nanjing habitat quality reduce it is the most significant, Huaian, Suqian, Yancheng habitat quality influenced relatively by ecological pressure
It is small.On this basis, further consider influence of the Eco response measure to habitat quality, compare each city and only consider ecological pressure
(PS) and simultaneously consider the composite index (PSR) (Fig. 8) under ecological pressure, response, consider Eco response as can be seen from Figure 8
After the factor, the habitat quality composite index in each city has small promotion, wherein the habitat quality in Suzhou is promoted significantly, shows this
Habitat quality can be more effectively protected in the ecological preservation area distribution in city；The habitat quality composite index in Huaian and Nantong there is no
Significant change shows that the ecological preservation area in the two cities is distributed with wait advanced optimize.
The experimental results showed that regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive analysis method proposed by the invention can have
Effect integrates ecological pressure, state, the logical relation between response factor, meets the need of habitat quality composite mapping and analysis
It asks.
The above is only to illustrate specific implementation case of the invention, and what is be not intended to limit the invention can
Practical range can be selected in the drawing of natural ecology geography national conditions quality comprehensive with analytic process according to data source and business demand
Ecological pressure appropriate, state, response index are selected, carries out ecological lattice using composite mapping and analysis model proposed by the invention
Score of the game analysis, such as those skilled in the art completed under without departing from spirit indicated by the present invention and principle all etc.
Effect changes or modification, should be covered by the range of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method characterized by comprising
S2 divides evaluation region using normal grid, and grid is made unit as natural ecology geography national conditions and is analyzed and drawing
Basic unit does space intersection analysis with collected spatial data；
S3 chooses geographic element as pressure source, calculates the spacial distribution density of pressure source on the net in Unit Cell, on this basis
Pressure density is normalized, pressure source strength grid distribution map is generated；
S4 calculates habitat quality index in Unit Cell on the net；
S5 sets the spatial model of ecological pressure, establishes ecological pressure with apart from increased decline formula；
S6 sets the impact factor of pressure source, according to the spatial feature of pressure source, calculates ecological pressure on the net in Unit Cell
Index obtains the spatial grid of pressure；
Response index is established in S7, the ecological protection measure taken according to region, is calculated response index on the net in Unit Cell, is obtained
The spatial grid of Eco response index；
S8, ecological pressure and protection based on the state of grid unit and suffered by it, calculate habitat quality in cell on the net
Composite index generates the grid distribution map of habitat quality composite index, calculates habitat quality composite index according to following formula:
Qx=Sx(1-Px(1-Rx))
QxIndicate that the habitat quality composite index of grid unit x, value range are [0,100]；SxIndicate the state of grid unit x
Index；PxIndicate the ecological pressure that grid unit x is subject to；RxIndicate the Eco response index of grid unit x.
2. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S2
Before further include:
S1 collects spatial data relevant to geographical national conditions status as ecological state, pressure, the input data of response.
3. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S8
Later further include:
S9 calculates the average value of all grid unit composite indexes on regional scale, characterizes regional nature ecology ground with this
Manage national conditions quality.
4. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S4
In, according to habitat quality index in following formula unit of account grid:
SxIndicate the ecological state of grid unit x, i.e. habitat quality index, value range [0,100]；kbioIndicate that habitat quality refers to
Target normalization coefficient, reference value 2.8571；The number of n expression ground mulching type；AiIndicate the face of i class ground mulching
Product；CiIndicate the weight of i class ground mulching；The area of A expression unit grid.
5. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that S5 packet
It includes:
1) pressure density, is calculated using the area of pressure source on grid unit or length accounting, and is normalized:
dytIndicate the intensity of pressure of the pressure source t in unit y, value range [0,1]；dyt' indicate pressure source t in the pressure of unit y
Density is indicated using area accounting of the pressure source in grid or length accounting；dmaxAnd dminIndicate pressure source t in Unit Cell
Online pressure density maximum and minimum value, dminValue is 0；
2), using pressure propagation analog function come the propagation of simulated ecological pressure space.
6. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that
In step 2), indicate ecological pressure in spatial surface using three kinds of linear function, power function and exponential function modes
Communication process:
Linear function:
Power function:
Exponential function:
itxyIndicate the decaying exponential of pressure source t；X, y indicate grid unit, and wherein x indicates any grid unit in landscape,
Y indicates the grid unit where the t of threat source；dxyIndicate space in grid unit x and pressure source t between grid unit y away from
From；dtmaxIndicate the biggest impact range distance of pressure source t.
7. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in S6
In, ecological pressure index is calculated on the net in Unit Cell according to following formula:
PxIndicate ecological pressure suffered by grid unit x, value range [0,1]；The number of T expression pressure source；YtIndicate pressure source
Distance unit x in t distribution map is less than the unit set in pressure source t biggest impact distance range；WtIndicate the shadow of pressure source t
The factor, value range [0,1] are rung, the sum of impact factor of all pressure sources is 1.
8. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in S7
In, response index is calculated according to following formula:
RxIndicate the Eco response index of grid unit x.
9. regional nature ecogeography national conditions quality comprehensive Measurement Method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in S9
In, the average value of all grid unit composite indexes is calculated according to following formula:
Q indicates region habitat quality composite index；M indicates the number for all grid that region is included.
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