CN114782235A - Construction method for ecological safety analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of ecological safety analysis, which comprises the following steps: acquiring ecological data of a test area, preprocessing the ecological data, and constructing an ecological source model, a resistance surface and an ecological safety pattern based on the ecological data; and analyzing the ecological safety of the test area based on the ecological source model, the resistance surface and the ecological safety pattern. The ecological source is identified based on the ecological protection importance, the resistance surface is constructed by selecting resistance factors from two angles of natural factors and human activities, the ecological safety pattern is constructed by utilizing the circuit theory and the ecological protection suggestion is put forward, and the referable suggestion is provided for constructing the ecological safety pattern in the karst region.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ecological protection, and particularly relates to a construction method of ecological safety analysis.
Background
The construction of the ecological safety pattern is to coordinate the contradiction between the social economic development and the ecological protection of the region by mainly protecting ecological source areas, and to develop the economic construction to the maximum extent on the basis of protecting the ecological source areas. At present, the construction method of the ecological safety pattern is increasingly perfected, and a research framework based on 'source and ground identification, resistance surface construction and corridor extraction' is a basic paradigm and a main research flow for constructing the current ecological safety pattern. The ecological source is an important ecological patch for promoting ecological processes and maintaining ecological safety of areas. Based on different research targets and research requirements, the identification method of the ecological source area comprises qualitative evaluation based on the structure of the ecological system and quantitative evaluation based on comprehensive criteria. The former directly takes important ecological lands such as natural conservation areas, forest parks, scenic spot areas and the like as ecological source lands mainly according to the ecological conditions of research areas, and the qualitative evaluation saves the cost to a great extent but ignores the dynamic change inside the ecological lands. To remedy this problem, scholars have proposed the use of comprehensive evaluation criteria to quantitatively identify the ecological source, such as: ecological system service function, ecological environment sensitivity, landscape connectivity and other indexes. The construction of the resisting surface is a premise of ecological corridor extraction, the construction of the resisting surface mainly comprises a land utilization single assigning method and a multi-index comprehensive assigning method, wherein the land utilization single assigning method lacks spatial heterogeneity and cannot quantify the influence of human activities on the construction of the resisting surface, and the multi-source index assigning method considers the influence of natural factors and human activities on the resisting surface at the same time, so that the distribution condition of regional ecological resistance can be fully reflected. The corridor is extracted by methods such as a minimum cumulative resistance model, a graph theory method, a circuit theory and the like. Wherein a minimum cumulative resistance Model (MCR) models the minimum cumulative resistance path by calculating the cost that a species overcomes from an ecological source to a destination, thereby constructing an ecological network. The graph theory method reflects the organic connection of the landscape by using a series of nodes and lines to form a complex ecological network. The circuit theory simulates the migration process of species among ecological sources based on the migration characteristics of current in the circuit, and identifies ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points according to the accumulated current value and the accumulated current recovery value, and the random migration of the circuit theory is more in line with the behavior characteristics of the species, so that the circuit theory becomes a hot method for constructing an ecological corridor.
At present, most of the ecological safety pattern researches are concentrated on areas with developed economy and violent human activities, and relatively few researches are carried out on karst areas with backward economy and fragile ecological environment. The economic development brings the deterioration of ecological environment, and the problem of how to coordinate the economic development and ecological protection is needed to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for ecological safety analysis, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a construction method of ecological safety analysis, comprising:
collecting ecological data of a test area, and preprocessing the ecological data;
constructing an ecological source model, a resistance surface and an ecological safety pattern based on the ecological data;
and analyzing the ecological safety of the test area based on the ecological source model, the resistance surface and the ecological safety pattern.
Optionally, the ecological data includes elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization data, ecological risk data, main road data, total water source conservation quantity, precipitation quantity, surface runoff quantity, evapotranspiration quantity, ecosystem area, ecosystem type number, average surface runoff coefficient, water and soil conservation quantity, rainfall erosion factor, soil erodibility factor, slope length factor, gradient factor, terrain undulation factor, vegetation coverage factor, biodiversity maintenance function index, perennial NPP average value, perennial average precipitation parameter, perennial average air temperature parameter, and altitude parameter.
Optionally, the ecological source model includes an ecological system service function importance and an ecological environment sensitivity;
the service function importance of the ecological system comprises a water source conservation function, a water and soil conservation function and a biological diversity maintenance function;
the ecological environment sensitivity comprises water and soil loss sensitivity and stony desertification sensitivity.
Optionally, the process of constructing the ecological source model based on the ecological data includes:
constructing the water source conservation function by adopting a water balance equation method based on total water source conservation quantity, precipitation quantity, surface runoff quantity, evapotranspiration quantity, ecosystem area, ecosystem type number and average surface runoff coefficient;
constructing the water and soil conservation function by adopting a soil loss model method based on water and soil conservation quantity, rainfall erosion factors, soil erodibility factors, slope length factors, gradient factors and vegetation coverage factors;
and constructing the biodiversity maintenance function by adopting a plant net primary productivity method based on the biodiversity maintenance function index, the perennial NPP average value, the perennial average precipitation parameter, the perennial average air temperature parameter and the altitude parameter.
Optionally, the process of constructing the ecological source model based on the ecological data further includes:
the method for calculating the soil loss sensitivity comprises the following steps:
wherein SSiSensitivity to soil erosion, RiIs a rainfall erosive power factor, KiIs a soil erodible erosion factor, LSiIs a relief factor, CiIs a vegetation coverage factor;
the rainfall erosion factor, the soil erosion factor, the terrain relief factor and the vegetation coverage factor are divided into five sensitivity levels: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the grading assignment is as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, a larger value indicating a higher sensitivity;
the calculation method of the stony desertification sensitivity comprises the following steps:
wherein S isiSensitivity to stony desertification, DiInto the ecosystem classType, PiIn the form of a terrain slope, CiVegetation coverage;
the type number, gradient and vegetation coverage factor of the ecological system are divided into five sensitivity levels respectively: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the grading assignment is as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, a larger number indicates a higher sensitivity.
Optionally, the resistance surface is a resistance to species migration, and the resistance surface is constructed by: and constructing the resistance surface based on elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization data, ecological risk data and main road data.
Optionally, the process of constructing the ecological security pattern includes: constructing the ecological safety pattern based on ecological galleries, ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points;
wherein, the ecological corridor is a passage for material and energy fluidity; the ecological pinch points are distribution areas of current density; the ecological barrier is an area in which the migration of the species is hindered.
Optionally, the construction method of the ecological corridor comprises the following steps: evaluating a minimum cost path of a test area based on a connection model and a random walk model, obtaining galleries based on a GIS tool, and sequentially dividing the galleries into three types from small to large according to connectivity: a general gallery, an important gallery, and a critical gallery.
Optionally, the construction method of the ecological pinch point comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining an accumulated current value of a test area based on a Pinchpoint Mapper in a GIS tool, and sequentially dividing the accumulated current value into a first level, a second level, a third level, a fourth level and a fifth level from small to large based on a natural breakpoint method.
Optionally, the method for constructing the ecological obstacle point comprises: based on an accumulated current recovery value of a Barrier Mapper search test area in a GIS tool, the accumulated current recovery value is divided into a first level, a second level, a third level, a fourth level and a fifth level from small to large in sequence based on a natural breakpoint method.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention identifies the ecological source area based on the ecological protection importance, selects resistance factors from two angles of natural factors and human activities to construct a resistance surface, utilizes the circuit theory to construct an ecological safety pattern and provides ecological protection suggestions, and provides referable suggestions for constructing the ecological safety pattern in the karst region.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of ecological security analysis in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an evaluation diagram of importance of ecosystem service function in the embodiment of the present invention, in which a is water conservation, b is soil and water conservation, c is biodiversity maintenance, and d is ecosystem service; 1, 3, 5 respectively represent generally important, and extremely important;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the evaluation of the sensitivity to the ecological environment in the examples of the present invention, wherein a is the sensitivity to water and soil erosion, b is the sensitivity to stony desertification, and c is the sensitivity to the ecological environment; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively represent: low sensitivity, medium sensitivity, high sensitivity;
FIG. 4 is an evaluation chart of the importance of ecological protection in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the drag factor and the combined drag surface for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a spatial distribution diagram of an ecological source area and an ecological corridor in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a spatial distribution plot of cumulative current values and cumulative current recovery values, wherein a is the cumulative current value reclassification, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; b is reclassification of the accumulated current recovery value;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the cumulative current value and the cumulative current recovery value for each area level in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an ecological security pattern diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Example one
The invention refers to ' resource environment bearing capacity and homeland development suitability evaluation guidelines ' (trial) and related research released by the China department of natural resources ', combines the topographic features and the current situation of the ecological environment in Guangxi, and selects three evaluation indexes of a water source conservation function, a water and soil conservation function and a biodiversity maintenance function to evaluate the importance of the service function of the Guangxi ecological system; selecting two evaluation indexes of water loss sensitivity and soil erosion sensitivity and stony desertification sensitivity to evaluate the ecological environment sensitivity in Guangxi; the importance of ecological protection in Guangxi is obtained through superposition analysis. Selecting a proper patch as an ecological source area based on the evaluation result of ecological protection importance in Guangxi, selecting 7 indexes such as elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization, ecological risk, main roads (railways and expressways) and the like from two aspects of natural conditions and social economy to construct an ecological resistance surface, and identifying an ecological corridor, an ecological pinch point and an ecological obstacle point by adopting a circuit theory. And a practical suggestion is provided for ecological construction and ecological protection in Guangxi by combining the research results. The specific study methods and contents of this study are shown in figure 1:
the ecosystem service function refers to functions of supply service, regulation service, culture service, support service and the like provided by an ecosystem for human beings, and generally adopts a model evaluation method and a Net Primary Productivity (NPP) quantitative index evaluation method. The model evaluation method needs various parameter indexes and has high requirement on data quality, and the quantitative index evaluation method needs fewer index parameters but has limited application range. Based on actual conditions and data acquisition conditions in Guangxi province, a model evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the water conservation function and the water and soil conservation function, and a net primary productivity quantitative index method is adopted to evaluate the biodiversity maintenance function.
(1) Water source conserving function
The water conservation is that the ecological system interacts with water through the specific structure of the ecological system, thereby improving the hydrological condition and regulating the water circulation of the area. The existing method for evaluating the water conservation function comprises the following steps: the method adopts a water balance equation to calculate the Guangxi water conservation total amount, and comprises the following calculation formulas:
Ri＝Pi×α (2)
in the formula, TQ is total water source conservation quantity; p isiThe precipitation is obtained; riThe surface runoff is used; ETiFor evapotranspiration, AiThe area of an i-type ecosystem; i is the ith ecosystem of the test area, j is the number of types of the ecosystem of the test area, and alpha is the average surface runoff coefficient.
(2) Soil and water conservation function
The water and soil conservation is the soil erosion effect of the ecological system caused by water erosion through the structure and the process of the ecological system, and is the guarantee of the sustainable development of the ecological and the economic society in the mountainous area. The existing methods for evaluating the water and soil conservation function comprise the following steps: the invention discloses a method for correcting a soil loss equation RUSLE, a net primary productivity quantitative index evaluation method and the like, and the method selects a soil loss model method to calculate the water and soil conservation quantity in Guangxi, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Ac＝R×K×L×S×(1-C) (3)
in the formula, AcThe water and soil conservation quantity, R is a rainfall erosion factor, K is a soil erodibility factor, L is a slope length factor, S is a gradient factor, and C is a vegetation coverage factor.
(3) Biodiversity maintenance function
Biodiversity is an ecological complex formed by organisms and the environment thereof, and the biodiversity maintenance function refers to the function of an ecological system in maintaining species and gene diversity, and is beneficial to establishing a biodiversity protection scheme and promoting virtuous circle of the ecological system by researching the Guangxi biodiversity maintenance function. The current methods for evaluating biodiversity maintenance functions are: meta-analysis, species distribution model, InVEST model method, etc. According to the data collection conditions and the actual situation of Guangxi, the invention selects a net primary productivity method to calculate the biodiversity maintenance function, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Sbio＝NPPmean×Fpre×Ftem×(1-Falt) (4)
in the formula, SbioMaintaining functional index, NPP, for biodiversitymeanAverage value of NPP over years, FpreAverage precipitation parameter over many years, FtemIs a mean temperature parameter over many years, FaltFor the altitude parameter, each parameter needs to be normalized.
Ecological sensitivity is the sensitive response and self-recovery ability of an ecosystem to external disturbances at a particular spatiotemporal scale. Guangxi has unique karst landform, steep hill height and slope, wide rocky desertification distribution and serious water and soil loss, so the method selects two evaluation indexes of water and soil loss sensitivity and rocky desertification sensitivity to evaluate the sensitivity of the ecological environment in Guangxi.
(1) Susceptibility to soil erosion
The invention adopts factors such as rainfall erosion force, soil erodibility, terrain relief degree and vegetation coverage to carry out water and soil loss sensitivity evaluation, and divides the evaluation factors into five sensitivity grades according to research requirements: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the grading assignment is as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, wherein the larger the numerical value is, the higher the sensitivity grade is, and the water and soil loss sensitivity value is calculated according to a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, SSiWater and soil loss susceptibility index, RiIs a rainfall erosive power factor, KiIs a soil erodible erosion factor, LSiIs a relief factor, CiIs a vegetation coverage factor. The assignment of each factor is given in the following table (table 1):
TABLE 1 assignment of factors of soil and water loss sensitivity
(2) Susceptibility to stony desertification
The invention adopts factors such as ecosystem type, terrain gradient and vegetation coverage to develop the stony desertification sensitivity research, and divides the evaluation factors into five sensitivity grades according to the research requirements: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the grading assignment is as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, wherein the larger the value is, the higher the sensitivity is, and the Guangxi rocky desertification sensitivity value is calculated according to a formula, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, SiIs the stony desertification sensitivity index, DiIs ecosystem type, PiFor the terrain slope, CiThe vegetation coverage is. The assignment of each factor is given in the following table (table 2):
TABLE 2 evaluation factor assignment for stony desertification sensitivity
In order to integrate the influence of different evaluation indexes on the service function of the ecosystem, three functions of water conservation, water and soil conservation and biological diversity are respectively normalized, and the accumulated service function accounting for 30 percent and 70 percent of the total service value of the type of ecosystem is selected as a threshold value and is divided into three levels of extreme importance, importance and general importance; the water and soil loss sensitivity index and the stony desertification sensitivity index are divided into five grades of low sensitivity, lower sensitivity, medium sensitivity, higher sensitivity and high sensitivity according to a natural breakpoint method.
Aiming at the grading results of the water source conservation function, the water and soil conservation function and the biological diversity maintenance function, the importance of the service function of the ecological system is obtained by carrying out superposition analysis, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ESC＝Max{ESw，ESs，ESb} (7)
wherein ESC is evaluation result of importance of ecosystem service function, ESwIs the evaluation result of the importance of the water conservation function, ESsAs a result of evaluation of importance of soil and water retention function, ESbThe functional importance evaluation results are maintained for biodiversity. The ecological environment sensitivity evaluation method is the same. In addition, the ecological system service function importance evaluation result and the ecological environment sensitivity evaluation result are superposed according to the formula to obtain an ecological protection importance evaluation result.
The ecological source area is an important patch for maintaining the ecological safety of the area, is the basis for constructing the ecological safety pattern, and the identification of the ecological source area is mainly based on the ecological system service function, the habitat quality, the ecological red line and the like2The above plaques serve as an ecological source.
The resistance surface refers to resistance applied during species migration, and the resistance surface is constructed by selecting 7 indexes such as elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization, ecological risk, main roads (railways and expressways) and the like from two aspects of natural conditions and social economy. 1-5 resistance coefficients were assigned, the higher the resistance coefficient, the higher the resistance value experienced by the species as they migrated (Table 3). And determining the weight of each index by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, wherein the consistency test result CR is 0.0116<0.1, which indicates that the weight distribution meets the requirements.
TABLE 3 fractional assignment of drag factors and weight assignment
The ecological corridor is a passage for the flow of materials and energy between ecological sources. The method is used for evaluating the minimum cost path based on a connection model and a random walk model in a circuit theory. The ecological corridor is obtained by utilizing a Linkage Pathways Tool module in a GIS Tool Linkage Mapper. Previous researches show that the smaller the ratio of the cost weighted distance to the minimum cost path is, the stronger the connectivity of the ecological corridor is, and based on the situation, the ecological corridor is divided into three categories according to the connectivity: the system comprises a general corridor, an important corridor and a key corridor, wherein the key corridor is the strongest in connectivity.
Pinch points are areas of high current density in the ecological network, have important connectivity functions, and have great possibility of species migration through the areas, so the pinch points are key positions for preventing the habitat from degrading. The invention obtains the accumulated current value of a research area through an 'all to one' mode of a Pinchpoint Mapper module, and the accumulated current is divided into five levels according to a natural breakpoint method: the current-limiting circuit comprises a first stage, a second stage, a third stage, a fourth stage and a fifth stage, wherein the maximum value range of the accumulated current of the fifth stage is a pinch point.
The barrier point is an area with larger obstruction in the process of species migration, and the connectivity between ecological source places can be obviously improved after the ecological source places are repaired. The method is based on a Barrier Mapper module, adopts a moving window, sets 300m as a minimum search radius, 3000m as a maximum search radius and 200m as a step length. Through comparative study, 900m is selected as the optimal search radius, and the accumulated current recovery value is obtained. The accumulated current recovery value is divided into five stages according to a natural breakpoint method: the current recovery device comprises a first stage, a second stage, a third stage, a fourth stage and a fifth stage, wherein the maximum numerical range of the recovery value of the accumulated current of the fifth stage is an obstacle point.
Guangxi ecosystem service function is mainly of importance level and extreme importance level (fig. 2d) and occupies 83.11% of the total area of Guangxi (table 4)The area of the energy-critical area reaches 122946.00km2Mainly scattered in northwest, middle and south areas of Guangxi, accounting for 52.35% of the total area of Guangxi; the area of the extremely important area of the ecological system is 72231.75km2The water accounts for 30.76 percent of the total area of Guangxi, and is mainly and intensively distributed in Hechi City, Liuzhou City, Guilin City and other places in the North of Guangxi.
The Guangxi ecosystem service function takes a biodiversity maintenance function and a water source conservation function as the leading factor. Wherein the area of the biodiversity maintenance function important area is 92857.25km2Mainly scattered in the central region of Guangxi (FIG. 2 c); the area of the extremely important region of the biodiversity is 23408.94km2Accounts for 10.36% of the total area of Guangxi province, and is mainly distributed in the east congratulatory city and the phoenix city of Guangxi province. The importance level of the water conservation function is gradually increased from south to north (figure 2a), the area distribution of general important areas and important areas is more balanced, the general important areas are mainly distributed in the south of Guangxi, the important areas are mainly distributed in the middle of Guangxi, the area of the extremely important areas is mainly distributed in Liuzhou city and Guilin city and the like in the north of Guangxi, wherein the area of the extremely important areas for water conservation reaches 36541.31km2. The general important area ratio of the water and soil conservation function of Guangxi is the largest (figure 2b), reaches 67.45 percent of the total area of Guangxi, is mainly and intensively distributed in the south of Guangxi, and the important areas and the extremely important areas are scattered.
TABLE 4 area distribution and ratio of importance levels of various ecological functions
The ecological environment sensitivity of Guangxi is not high overall (figure 3c), the areas with higher sensitivity and high sensitivity account for 28.64% of the total area of Guangxi (table 5), and are mainly and intensively distributed in the river basin city, Liuzhou city, Guilin city and the like in the North China of Guangxi. Wherein the high sensitive area has the minimum ratio and has an area of 20911.00km2The water-based paint only occupies 8.85 percent of the total area of Guangxi and is scattered and distributed in the North part of Guangxi. The sensitivity to water and soil loss (figure 3a) is dominant in the sensitivity of ecological environment in Guangxi, and the areas of the low sensitive area, the low sensitive area and the medium sensitive area of water and soil lossThe proportion is balanced, the proportion is concentrated to about 25.00 percent, the proportion of high-sensitivity areas is the least, the high-sensitivity areas only occupy 8.03 percent of the total area of Guangxi, and the high-sensitivity areas are mainly scattered and distributed in the northern area of Guangxi. From the aspect of spatial distribution, the water and soil loss sensitivity grade of Guangxi gradually decreases from north to south. Guangxi has weak stony desertification sensitivity (figure 3b), the area of the high-sensitivity region is the least, only occupies 1.50 percent of the total area of Guangxi, and the spatial distribution of each grade is scattered.
TABLE 5 area distribution and ratio of each ecological environment sensitivity grade
The importance level of ecological protection in Guangxi is mainly important and extremely important (figure 4) on the whole, and the area of the ecological protection important area is 131553.63km2Accounting for 55.69% of the total area of the research area, and mainly distributed in the west and middle areas of Guangxi province. The area of an extremely important area for ecological protection is 83802.25km235.47% of the total area of Guangxi, mainly distributed in Hechi City, Liuzhou City and Guilin City, Hezhou City and Wuzhou City in the east of Guangxi.
The Guangxi high-resistance areas with elevations and slopes are mainly concentrated in the northwest and northeast areas of Guangxi (figure 5), the NDVI and land utilization high-resistance areas are mainly scattered in the middle and south areas of Guangxi, and the ecological risk high-resistance areas are obviously distributed and concentrated in the middle and south areas of Guangxi. The comprehensive resistance value of Guangxi is 1.000-4.6291, the comprehensive high resistance area is mainly distributed in the places of guest city, Nanning city, Guihong Kong city, North sea city in the south of Guangxi, and the comprehensive low resistance area is mainly distributed in the edge area of Guangxi.
The total area of the Guangxi ecological source area is 60556.99km2There were 50 patches in total, and the patches were concentrated in the northern areas of Guangxi and the northeast areas (FIG. 6). From the aspect of land utilization type distribution, the forest land coverage rate in the ecological source land reaches 78.08 percent, and the unused land accounts for a very small proportion.
The Guangxi ecological corridor had a total of 115 and a total length of 4004.52km (Table 6). The number of the key galleries is 41, the total length is 1132.60km, the number of the key galleries exceeding 10km is 14, the longest key gallery penetrates from the east of the Sterculia city to the west of the Yulin city, and the length of the longest key gallery reaches 194.97 km. The important galleries have 40 galleries, the total length is 1407.62km, the longest gallery reaches 166.74km, and the galleries longitudinally pass through the white city and the Nanning city from the south of the river pool city to the east of the Chong-left city. Generally the number of galleries is the smallest but the overall length is the largest. In terms of spatial distribution, the key galleries are mostly concentrated in the edge zones of the west and east of Guangxi, the important galleries are scattered around the key galleries, and the galleries are mostly in the places of the guest city, Nanning city, Guihong city, Qinzhou city and the like in the middle of Guangxi. The phenomenon that the importance of the ecological corridor is gradually reduced from the periphery to the middle is integrally shown.
TABLE 6 summarises of number and length of galleries
The integrated current value of Guangxi is between 0-0.1279 (FIG. 7a), and the total area is 74478.59km2And the total area of the film occupies 31.35 percent of the total area of Guangxi. The accumulated current mainly comprises two-stage, three-stage and one-stage accumulated current values (figure 8), and the areas are 33373.31km respectively2，18590.03km2And 17168.88km2Which totally occupies 92.82% of the total area of the accumulated current. While the five-level cumulative current, i.e., pinch point area, occupies only 0.90% of the total cumulative current area.
The accumulated current recovery value of Guangxi is between 0 and 2.4482 (figure 7b), and the total area is 24662.50km2And the total area of the film occupies 10.42 percent of the total area of Guangxi. The recovery value of the accumulated current is mainly two-stage, one-stage and three-stage, and the areas are 8230.31km respectively2，7921.19km2，5983.19km2Which together occupy 79.45% of the total area of the cumulative current recovery. And the five-stage accumulated current recovery value, namely the area of the obstacle point, only occupies 6.74 percent of the accumulated current recovery value. In spatial distribution, the grades of the recovery values of the accumulated current are gradually reduced from four to a middle grade, wherein the four-grade and five-grade recovery values of the accumulated current are mainly distributed in the middle area of Guangxi province.
Guangxi pinch point of the world301 (FIG. 9) with an area of 669.44km2The spatial distribution is scattered, and the spatial distribution is mainly distributed on a common corridor and is close to an ecological source. From the viewpoint of land utilization, the pinch points are mainly distributed on the forest land, accounting for 68.42% of the total area of the pinch points, and secondly distributed more on the unused land and the cultivated land, with the minimum distribution on the construction land (table 7).
286 Guangxi obstacle points in total and 1878.75km area2And the water is concentrated and distributed on important galleries and common galleries in the middle of Guangxi province. From the aspect of land utilization type, the obstacle points are mainly distributed on the cultivated land, the percentage of the obstacle points is 74.76%, and the obstacle points are distributed on the forest land for a large number of times and are distributed on the unused land for a minimum.
TABLE 7 area of land utilization type in ecological safety pattern
The invention shows that the Guangxi ecological safety pattern consists of an ecological source land, an ecological corridor, an ecological pinch point and an ecological barrier point. The ecological source land is a key area for regional ecological construction and ecological protection, and targeted protection construction should be carried out by combining with the main functions of the ecological source land. The number of ecological galleries in Guangxi is 115, the ecological source areas are connected by the ecological galleries, 63 galleries with the length exceeding 10km exist, the ecological galleries are sensitive due to the overlong length, and the resistance of the ecological galleries to internal and external interference is reduced. Therefore, the surrounding environment of the key ecological corridor needs to be protected mainly, and the number and the area of ecological source areas are enhanced, so that the length of the ecological corridor is reduced, and the stability and the circulation of the ecological corridor are enhanced. The Guangxi ecological pinch points and the obstacle points are distributed on the ecological corridor, so that the ecological resistance around the areas is properly reduced, the landscape connectivity is enhanced, and the stability and the anti-interference capability of the ecological safety pattern are improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of ecological safety analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting ecological data of a test area, and preprocessing the ecological data;
constructing an ecological source model, a resistance surface and an ecological safety pattern based on the ecological data;
and analyzing the ecological safety of the test area based on the ecological source model, the resistance surface and the ecological safety pattern.
2. The construction method of ecological safety analysis according to claim 1, wherein the ecological data includes elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization data, ecological risk data, main road data, total water source conservation quantity, precipitation quantity, surface runoff quantity, evapotranspiration quantity, ecosystem area, ecosystem type number, average surface runoff coefficient, water and soil conservation quantity, rainfall erosion factor, soil erodibility factor, slope length factor, gradient factor, terrain relief factor, vegetation coverage factor, biodiversity maintenance function index, perennial NPP average value, perennial average precipitation parameter, perennial average air temperature parameter, and altitude parameter.
3. The construction method of ecological security analysis according to claim 1, wherein the ecological source model comprises ecological system service function importance and ecological environment sensitivity;
the service function importance of the ecological system comprises a water source conservation function, a water and soil conservation function and a biological diversity maintenance function;
the ecological environment sensitivity comprises water and soil loss sensitivity and stony desertification sensitivity.
4. The construction method of ecological security analysis according to claim 3, wherein the construction of the ecological source model based on the ecological data comprises:
constructing the water source conservation function by adopting a water balance equation method based on total water source conservation quantity, precipitation quantity, surface runoff quantity, evapotranspiration quantity, ecosystem area, ecosystem type number and average surface runoff coefficient;
constructing the water and soil conservation function by adopting a soil loss model method based on water and soil conservation quantity, rainfall erosion factors, soil erodibility factors, slope length factors, gradient factors and vegetation coverage factors;
and constructing the biodiversity maintenance function by adopting a plant net primary productivity method based on the biodiversity maintenance function index, the perennial NPP average value, the perennial average precipitation parameter, the perennial average air temperature parameter and the altitude parameter.
5. The construction method of ecological security analysis according to claim 3, wherein the process of constructing the ecological source model based on the ecological data further comprises:
the method for calculating the soil loss sensitivity comprises the following steps:
wherein SSiSensitivity to soil erosion, RiIs a rainfall erosive power factor, KiIs a soil erodible erosion factor, LSiIs a relief factor, CiIs a vegetation coverage factor;
the rainfall erosion factor, the soil erodible factor, the topographic relief factor and the vegetation coverage factor are divided into five sensitivity levels: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the values are graded as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, a larger value indicates a higher sensitivity;
the calculation method of the stony desertification sensitivity comprises the following steps:
wherein S isiSensitivity to stony desertification, DiIs ecosystem type, PiFor the terrain slope, CiVegetation coverage;
the ecosystem type, gradient and vegetation coverage factor are divided into five sensitivity levels respectively: high sensitivity, higher sensitivity, medium sensitivity, lower sensitivity and low sensitivity, and the grading assignment is as follows: 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, a larger number indicates a higher sensitivity.
6. The construction method of ecological safety analysis, according to claim 1, wherein the resistance surface is a resistance to species migration, and the construction method of the resistance surface is as follows: and constructing the resistance surface based on elevation, gradient, NDVI, land utilization data, ecological risk data and main road data.
7. The construction method of ecological security analysis according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the ecological security pattern comprises: constructing the ecological safety pattern based on ecological galleries, ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points;
wherein, the ecological corridor is a passage for material and energy fluidity; the ecological pinch points are distribution areas of current density; the ecological barrier is an area in which the migration of the species is hindered.
8. The construction method of ecological safety analysis according to claim 7, wherein the construction method of the ecological corridor is as follows: evaluating a minimum cost path of a test area based on a connection model and a random walk model, obtaining galleries based on a GIS tool, and sequentially dividing the galleries into three types from small to large according to connectivity: a general gallery, an important gallery, and a critical gallery.
9. The construction method of ecological safety analysis, according to claim 7, is characterized in that the construction method of ecological pinch points is as follows: the method comprises the steps of obtaining an accumulated current value of a test area based on a Pinchpoint Mapper in a GIS tool, and sequentially dividing the accumulated current value into a first level, a second level, a third level, a fourth level and a fifth level from small to large based on a natural breakpoint method.
10. The construction method of ecological safety analysis according to claim 7, wherein the construction method of ecological obstacle points is: based on an accumulated current recovery value of a Barrier Mapper search test area in a GIS tool, the accumulated current recovery value is divided into a first level, a second level, a third level, a fourth level and a fifth level from small to large in sequence based on a natural breakpoint method.
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| CN115965812A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-14 | 桂林理工大学 | Evaluation method for wetland vegetation species and ground feature classification by unmanned aerial vehicle image |
| CN116307400A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-06-23 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Method and device for identifying habitat corridor, electronic equipment and medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115965812A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-14 | 桂林理工大学 | Evaluation method for wetland vegetation species and ground feature classification by unmanned aerial vehicle image |
| CN115965812B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-01-19 | 桂林理工大学 | Evaluation method for classification of unmanned aerial vehicle images on wetland vegetation species and land features |
| CN116307400A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-06-23 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Method and device for identifying habitat corridor, electronic equipment and medium |
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