CN113072414A - Application of holotrichoderma bioorganic fertilizer - Google Patents
Application of holotrichoderma bioorganic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application of a holotrichoderma bioorganic fertilizer. The complete biological organic fertilizer contains 2 × 107SQR-T037 with the mass ratio of total nitrogen of more than cfu/g being 5-7.5%, organic nitrogen accounting for more than 60% of the total nitrogen, 10-15% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, 30-40% of organic matter, 2-3% of free amino acid and small peptide, less than or equal to 30% of water content and pH 6-7. After the all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is applied, the problems of inconsistent soil nutrient supply and unbalanced microflora commonly existing in old apple orchards for more than 20 years are solved, and the fruit quality is obviously improved; the growth of new shoots and the flower bud differentiation in the next year are promoted; the problem that the underground fibrous root system is few in the old apple orchard is solved, and the rapid growth of the underground fibrous root system of the apple tree in the old apple orchard is promoted.
Description
Description of the cases
The invention relates to a divisional application of Chinese invention application with the application number of 2017114568220, the application date of 2017-12-28 and the name of 'a special all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer for recovering the productivity of old apple trees and a preparation method and application thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural intensive production, and relates to a special hologenoderma bio-organic fertilizer for recovering the productivity of old apple trees, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Apple (Pyrus malus L.) is one of the famous fruits in the world, and China is the country with the highest apple yield; after the land contract obligation system is implemented in China in the last 80 th century, the ages of apple orchard trees planted by fruit growers are about 30 years to date; generally, apple trees of more than 20 years of age actually enter the aging stage and become old apple orchards: weak tree vigor, less flower buds, serious flower and fruit drop, weak root system growth in the underground part, small quantity of first-grade roots, basically no fibrous roots above the second grade, small fruit, low yield, poor quality and serious continuous cropping obstacle. In order to reform old orchards and improve the yield, fruit growers just start to cut old trees and plant new seedlings, and during the period, the fruit growers have no economic benefit for at least 3-4 years, thus bringing huge loss to the majority of fruit growers.
The commercial complete element biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly from animal and plant residues (such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like) and subjected to harmless treatment and decomposition, and has the effects of microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The essential characteristics of the organic fertilizer are that the organic fertilizer with soil fertility, the inorganic fertilizer with obvious growth promotion effect and beneficial microorganisms with specific functions are integrated, and the characteristics are key factors that the commercial full-element biological organic fertilizer is superior to other fertilizers.
A large number of research results show that: the soil with different properties has different fertilizer supply characteristics; different types of crops have different fertilizer requirements. The same crop is cultivated on soils with different properties, and the fertilizer operation (type, quantity and application method) is different although the fertilizer requirement characteristics are the same; different crops are cultivated on the soil with the same property, and the fertilizer operation (type, quantity and application method) are different due to different fertilizer requirement characteristics. The problems of inconsistent soil nutrient supply, unbalanced microbial flora, soil acidification and the like commonly exist in old apple orchards for more than 20 years, which are main reasons of low apple yield and poor quality of the old orchards.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the compatibility and the product of the special trichoderma koningii biological organic fertilizer for recovering the productivity of the old apple trees, which can ensure that the old apple orchard is transformed in a large scale and the productivity of the old apple trees is recovered again.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
growth-promoting bacteria SQR-T037 for promoting crop growth, belonging to Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum), and the strain SQR-T037 has the following main biological characteristics: the hyphae are fine and colorless, and have multiple branches. Conidiophores grow from side branches of hyphae, grow oppositely or intergrowth, generally have 2-3 branches, and grow into phialides or cones of the conidiophores. Conidiophores are mostly spherical, sporoderm has verruca verrucosa, and are blue-green. The colony on PDA culture medium is initially white flocculent and then dark green. The colonies spread rapidly, and the trichoderma colonies can spread over the entire surface of the material within a few days, especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The growth temperature of hyphae is 4-42 ℃, the growth is fastest at 25-30 ℃, the germination temperature of spores is 10-35 ℃, the germination rate is highest at 15-30 ℃, the growth of bacterial colonies at 25-28 ℃ is changed from white to green only by 4-5 days, and the high temperature is favorable for the growth and germination of the hyphae. Spore germination requires more than 95% of relative humidity, but spore can also grow in a dry environment, the pH value of hypha growth is 3.5-5.8, and the growth is fastest under the condition of pH value 4-5. The strain has strong adaptability, can respecitate the capability of various plant pathogenic fungi, decomposes and utilizes lignocellulose, and effectively colonizes soil.
The complete biological organic fertilizer produced by the growth-promoting bacteria for promoting the growth of crops and used for recovering the productivity of old apple trees contains 2 x 107SQR-T037 of cfu/g or more, total nitrogenThe mass ratio of the contents is 5-7.5%, the mass ratio of total nitrogen to total nitrogen is more than 60% organic nitrogen, the mass ratio of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 10-15%, the mass ratio of organic matter contents is 30-40%, free amino acid and small peptide are 2-3%, the mass ratio of water content is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH is 6-7.
The preparation method of the holotrichoderma bioorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out solid fermentation production on the growth-promoting bacterium SQR-T037 under the conditions of: the culture medium is a mixture of crop straws and acid hydrolysis amino acid, the pH value is 3.0-5.0, the fermentation temperature is 28-30 ℃, the humidity is 60-70% RH, the culture is carried out in a shallow tray (the thickness is less than or equal to 3.5 cm) for 96-168 hr., and the spore amount of the fermentation product is more than or equal to 1 × 109cfu/g; the preparation method of the mixture of the crop straws and the acid hydrolysis amino acid comprises the following steps (taking the preparation of 300 g of culture medium as an example): 100g of crop straw powder, 200 ml of acidolysis amino acid 10-20 times of diluent, and 220 ml of acidolysis amino acid, uniformly mixing, aging, and adjusting the pH value to 3.0-5.0;
(2) mixing the acidolysis amino acid stock solution and the decomposed compost uniformly according to the mass ratio of 2:8, balancing for about one week, and obtaining the fertilizer when the pH value of the mixture pile rises to above 6.5. Then the SQR-T037 fermentation product is inoculated into the mixture pile in an amount of 50-300 kg/ton, preferably 50-150 kg/ton, and more preferably 50-100 kg/ton, and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the decomposed compost containing the Trichoderma SQR-T037 and the solid mixture of acid-hydrolyzed amino acid. Evaporating the water content of the solid mixture to below 30% at a temperature not exceeding 60 ℃, thus obtaining the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of apple plants;
(3) on the basis of a biological organic fertilizer (with the amount of 660-900 kg/ton), diammonium phosphate is added according to the amount of 37-123 kg/ton, potassium sulfate is added according to the amount of 20-80 kg/ton, calcium nitrate is added according to the amount of 37-123 kg/ton, magnesium sulfate is added according to the amount of 4-12 kg/ton, zinc sulfate is added according to the amount of 2 kg/ton, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed, the water content of the solid mixture is evaporated to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 60 ℃, and the solid mixture is packaged and delivered, namely the all-element trichoderma biological organic fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of old apple trees in the old apple orchard reconstruction.
Wherein the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer contains 2 multiplied by 108cfu/gThe mass ratio of the SQR-T037 to the total nitrogen content is 2.5-3.0%, more than 90% of the total nitrogen is organic nitrogen, the mass ratio of the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 5-6%, the mass ratio of the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45%, the mass ratio of free amino acid and small peptide is 2-3%, the mass ratio of the water content is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH is 6-7.
The specific method for carrying out solid fermentation on SQR-T037 in the step (1) is preferably as follows:
inoculating SQR-T037 into a PDA liquid culture medium for liquid fermentation to prepare functional bacterium fermentation liquid;
secondly, diluting 10-20 times of the crop straw powder and the acidolysis amino acid stock solution according to the weight of the crop straw powder: 1Kg of a 10-20 times diluted solution of the acidolysis amino acid stock solution: 2-2.2L, and adjusting pH to 3.0-5.0 to obtain mixture of crop straw and acid hydrolyzed amino acid as solid fermentation culture medium;
the acidolysis amino acid stock solution is prepared by the following method: (1) automatically crushing livestock and poultry dead of diseases in a closed container, automatically transferring all solid matters and liquid into a closed hydrolysis tank, and then performing acid hydrolysis at an initial acid concentration c (1/2H)2SO4) Is 3 to 5mol L-1Hydrolyzing at 80-100 deg.C under 1-2 atmospheric pressure for 2-5 hr; (2) after hydrolysis, when the solution in the hydrolysis tank is cooled to below 80 ℃, standing for layering, and collecting the amino acid solution in the middle layer to obtain acid hydrolysis amino acid;
thirdly, the SQR-T037 fermentation liquor is inoculated into a solid fermentation medium according to the amount of 50-100L/ton, the solid fermentation product of the trichoderma is obtained after shallow tray culture for 96-168 hours at the pH value of 3.0-5.0, the fermentation temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70 percent RH, and the spore number in the solid fermentation product is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g.
The aging time is preferably 6 to 24 hours, and more preferably 10 to 15 hours.
The mass ratio of the acidolysis amino acid stock solution to the decomposed compost in the step (2) is preferably 2: 8.
The trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer in the step (2) preferably contains 2 x 108SQR-T037 with the total nitrogen content of more than cfu/g of 2.5-3.0%, organic nitrogen with the total nitrogen content of more than 90%, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient of 5-6%, organic matter content of more than or equal to 45%, and free2-3% of amino acid and small peptide, the mass ratio of water content is less than or equal to 30%, and the pH value is 6-7.
In the step (3), 780 kg/ton of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer 660-80 kg/ton, 80-123 kg/ton of diammonium phosphate, 50-80 kg/ton of potassium sulfate, 80-123 kg/ton of calcium nitrate, 8-12 kg/ton of magnesium sulfate and 2 kg/ton of zinc sulfate are preferably added into each ton of trichoderma full-element bio-organic fertilizer; further preferably, 780 kg/ton of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, 80 kg/ton of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg/ton of potassium sulfate, 80 kg/ton of calcium nitrate, 8 kg/ton of magnesium sulfate and 2 kg/ton of zinc sulfate are added.
The complete biological organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the invention is used for recovering the productivity of old apple trees.
The trichoderma full-element biological organic fertilizer contains 2 multiplied by 107SQR-T037 with the mass ratio of total nitrogen of more than cfu/g being 5-7.5%, organic nitrogen accounting for more than 60% of the total nitrogen, 10-15% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, 30-40% of organic matter, 2-3% of free amino acid and small peptide, less than or equal to 30% of water content and pH 6-7.
The invention discloses application of a complete biological organic fertilizer for restoring the productivity of old apple trees in the reconstruction of old apple orchards to restore the productivity of old apple trees.
Has the advantages that:
1) after the special all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer for apples is applied, the problems of inconsistent soil nutrient supply and unbalanced microflora commonly existing in old apple orchards for more than 20 years are solved. The special biological organic fertilizer for the apples is applied, the requirements of old apple trees on different nutrient types and amounts in the same season are met, the yield increasing effect of fruits in the same season is equivalent to that of chemical fertilizers, and the fruit quality is obviously improved; the growth of new shoots and the flower bud differentiation in the next year are promoted; the soil microbial flora of the old apple orchard is directionally regulated and controlled, so that the soil fertility can be durably improved.
2) After the special all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer for apples is applied, the problem that the old apple orchard which is over 20 years old generally has few fiber root systems in the underground part is solved. Due to the action of free amino acids in the special biological organic fertilizer product for apples, the rapid growth of the fibrous roots of the underground parts of the apple trees in old orchards is promoted, the tree vigor of the old apple trees (more fibrous roots, strong nutrient absorption capability, deep and luxuriant roots, coordinated growth of the overground parts and the underground parts and the like) is regulated, and the special biological organic fertilizer has an important effect on the sustainable development of the old apple orchards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different fertilization treatments on the growth of aerial leaves after fruit ripening (left: application of Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer specially used for apple; right: application of Compound fertilizer produced by Russia)
Biological sample preservation information
SQR-T037, which is classified and named as Trichoderma harzianum, and is preserved in the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the preservation date is 09 months and 22 days in 2009, the preservation address is Hongyang district Tun in Beijing, and the culture preservation number is CGMCC NO.3308 at the institute of microorganisms of Chinese academy of sciences.
Detailed Description
Production of microbial inoculum
(1) Inoculating growth promoting strain SQR-T037 into PDA liquid culture medium for liquid fermentation production, wherein the fermentation production conditions are as follows: culturing at 28 deg.C and 175rpm (rotation/min) under continuous shaking at pH4.0 for 6 days (144 hr), to obtain Trichoderma fermentation broth (with bacteria or spore content not less than 1 × 10)10cfu/ml)。
(2) 100g of crop straw powder and 220 ml of acidolysis amino acid 20-time diluent 200 are mixed and aged, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.0, so as to obtain the culture medium prepared from the mixture of crop straw and acidolysis amino acid.
The preparation method of acid hydrolysis amino acid is disclosed in patent ZL201410042218.3 (publicly known and publicly used liquid amino acid compound produced by using protein of pigs killed by disease and application thereof).
(3) Inoculating the SQR-T037 fermentation broth into culture medium prepared from mixture of crop straw and acid hydrolyzed amino acid at 100L/ton, culturing at pH5.0, fermentation temperature 28-30 deg.C, humidity 60-70% RH and shallow tray (thickness less than or equal to 3.5 cm) for 144hr, and fermenting to obtain product with spore amount greater than or equal to 1 × 109cfu/g.
Production of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer
Mixing the acidolysis amino acid stock solution and the decomposed compost uniformly according to the mass ratio of 2:8, balancing for about one week, and obtaining the fertilizer when the pH value of the mixture pile rises to above 6.5. Then the SQR-T037 fermentation product is inoculated into a mixture pile according to the amount of 100 kg/ton, and is fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the decomposed compost containing the trichoderma SQR-T037 and the solid mixture of acid hydrolysis amino acid. And evaporating the water content of the solid mixture to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 60 ℃, thus obtaining the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of old apple trees.
(III) production of all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer
On the basis of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer (amount of 660-900 kg/ton), diammonium phosphate is added according to the amount of 37-123 kg/ton, potassium sulfate is added according to the amount of 20-80 kg/ton, calcium nitrate is added according to the amount of 37-123 kg/ton, magnesium sulfate is added according to the amount of 4-12 kg/ton, zinc sulfate is added according to the amount of 2 kg/ton, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed, the water content of the solid mixture is evaporated to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 60 ℃, and the solid mixture is packaged and delivered, namely the all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of old apple trees in the old apple orchard reconstruction. Wherein,
the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer contains 2 multiplied by 108SQR-T037 with the mass ratio of total nitrogen content of more than cfu/g being 2.5-3.0%, organic nitrogen with the mass ratio of more than 90% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient being 5-6%, organic matter content being more than or equal to 45%, free amino acid and small peptide being 2-3%, water content being less than or equal to 30% and pH being 6-7.
The complete biological organic fertilizer contains 2 × 107SQR-T037 with the mass ratio of total nitrogen of more than cfu/g being 5-7.5%, organic nitrogen accounting for more than 60% of the total nitrogen, 10-15% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, 30-40% of organic matter, 2-3% of free amino acid and small peptide, less than or equal to 30% of water content and pH 6-7.
(IV) field test of apple trees in old apple orchard
1. Design of experiments
The experiment was set to 7 treatments: treatment 1 to treatment 5: applying a complete bio-organic fertilizer compatibility product 1-5 (table 1) containing trichoderma SQR-T037; and (6) treatment: applying a trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) only; and (7) treatment: chemical fertilizer (compound fertilizer, produced by russia, CK) is not applied with organic fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer.
TABLE 1 complete Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer compatibility
The fruit tree density of the old apple orchard is 30/mu, and the full-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product is applied to the picked apples immediately: the method comprises the steps of making radial grooves (the groove width is 40 cm, generally 3 grooves are made in one tree) on the ground 80 cm away from a trunk, temporarily moving a soil layer 20 cm below the ground surface of each groove to another place, applying the full-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/plant (450 kg/mu), the fertilization depth is 30 cm below the ground surface, and covering the soil layer 20 cm below the ground surface after the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed.
The application amount and the application method of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer are the same as those of a full-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product.
The application amount of the fertilizer is 4.5 kilograms per plant (135 kilograms per mu), the fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer, and the application method is the same as that of a holo-trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product.
After spring, fertilizer is applied for three times in each treatment, and 3 kilograms of urea is applied per mu each time (the urea is watered after being mixed with water). And (5) conventional water and fertilizer management. The test starts from 2011 at 10 months, the yield is calculated after 10 months every year, and the size and the sugar content of the apples are measured.
2. Test results
The method has the advantages that the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is singly applied to the soil of the old orchard for a long time, so that the yield of apples in the old orchard can be continuously improved (table 2, treatment 6: the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer BOF), the yield of apples after the fertilizer is singly applied for a long time is always low (1000 plus 1250 kg/mu) (treatment 7: compound fertilizer treatment in table 2), and the yield of apples after the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is singly applied for six consecutive years (2017 years) is increased by 2.5 times compared with the yield of apples after the fertilizer is singly applied (table 3); in six years, the special complete trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer for apples is continuously applied (the ratio of the trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer to the fertilizer is 66-90% and 34-10%, table 1), the apple yield is higher or obviously higher than that of the single application of the trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer or single application of the fertilizer (tables 2 and 3), the difference is that the commodity fruit yield is greatly increased year by year along with the prolonging of the application years (the yield of the apple orchard is basically recovered to a high yield in the sixth year after the treatment of continuously applying the special complete trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer for apples is continuously applied). The average yield of treatment 1 to treatment 5 in 2017 in tables 2 and 3 is 3960 kg/mu, which is 3.2 times and 1.3 times higher than the yield of fertilizer or trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer applied alone, wherein the apple yield of the formula 3 product (the ratio of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer to the fertilizer is 78% and 22%, table 1) is significantly higher than that of the formula 1 product and the formula 2 product, but is slightly lower than that of the formula 4 product and the formula 5 product, but the difference between the apple yield and the fertilizer does not reach a significant level. Considering that the fertilizer proportion in the formula 4 product and the formula 5 product respectively reaches 28% and 34%, the economic investment of the product is large (40 yuan is increased when one nutrient is added), the yield of commercial apples is small, and the content of apple sugar in the formula 4 product and the formula 5 product is reduced (table 4), so that the output/investment of farmers is reduced, and the formula of the treatment 3 is selected as the optimal formula.
TABLE 2 Effect of different formulations of Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer applied to old apple trees (commercial apple)
Note: the yield of the apples before the test (2011) is 910 jin/mu
TABLE 3 application effects of different formulations of Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer on old apple trees (commercial apple)
TABLE 4 influence of different formulations of Trichoderma reesei bioorganic fertilizer on average sugar content (%) of commercial apples
Note: the average sugar content of apples before the test (2011) was 12.1%.
After the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer or the special all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer for the apples is applied, the average diameter of a single fruit of a commercial apple is obviously larger than that of a single fruit of a pure fertilizer (shown in a table 5). The average diameter of the single commercial apples treated from 1 to 6 in 2017 is 90.7cm, while the average diameter of the single commercial apples applied with the pure fertilizer is only 77cm, and the apples with the diameter generally higher than 85cm on the market are regarded as top-quality apples. On the other hand, after the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer or the special all-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer for apples is applied, the sugar content of the apples is remarkably improved (table 4), the average sugar content of the commercial apples harvested in 2017 is 18.4 percent, which is 5.2 percent higher than the average sugar content (13.2 percent) of the commercial apples applied with the pure fertilizer, and the amplification is 39.4 percent; the influence difference of the special full-element trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer formula products for different apples on the average sugar content of commercial apples is not obvious, which shows that the flavor of the apples can be obviously improved only by randomly compounding the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer in the formula range of the invention, and the aims of high yield and high quality are achieved.
TABLE 5 influence of different formulations of Trichoderma reesei bioorganic fertilizer on average diameter (cm) of commercial apples
Note: the average diameter of the individual apples before the test (2011) was 74.5 cm.
The invention starts from the key problem of recovering the productivity of old apple trees (table 1 and table 2), develops a special trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product capable of remarkably promoting the growth of old apple trees, and compared with a single fertilizer application (compound fertilizer produced by Russia), the special trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer product can not only continuously and stably increase the yield of commercial apples, but also remarkably improve the quality of apples. The technical product can quickly recover the productivity of old apple trees, and can ensure the continuous benefit of fruit growers while reforming old apple orchards in a large scale.
Claims (6)
1. An application of a complete biological organic fertilizer in reforming old apple orchards to restore the productivity of old apple trees; the complete element biological organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) performing solid fermentation on Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 with the strain preservation number of CGMCC NO.3308 to obtain a Trichoderma fermentation product;
(2) uniformly mixing acidolysis amino acid stock solution and decomposed compost according to the mass ratio of 1.5-3.0:7.0-8.5, balancing for 5-10 days, inoculating the trichoderma fermentation product into the mixture pile according to the amount of 50-300 kg/ton when the pH value of the mixture pile is increased to above 6.5, uniformly mixing to obtain a solid mixture containing the decomposed compost of trichoderma and the acidolysis amino acid, and evaporating the water content of the solid mixture to below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 60 ℃ to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer;
(3) adding diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate into the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer on the basis of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, fully and uniformly mixing, and evaporating the water content of the solid mixture to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 60 ℃ to obtain the complete bio-organic fertilizer for recovering the productivity of old apple trees; wherein the addition amount of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is 660-900 kg/ton, the addition amount of diammonium phosphate is 37-123 kg/ton, the addition amount of potassium sulfate is 20-80 kg/ton, the addition amount of calcium nitrate is 37-123 kg/ton, the addition amount of magnesium sulfate is 4-12 kg/ton and the addition amount of zinc sulfate is 2 kg/ton based on the mass of the all-element bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the solid fermentation of SQR-T037 in step (1) is carried out by:
inoculating SQR-T037 into a PDA liquid culture medium for liquid fermentation to prepare functional bacterium fermentation liquid;
secondly, diluting 10-20 times of the crop straw powder and the acidolysis amino acid stock solution according to the weight of the crop straw powder: 1Kg of a 10-20 times diluted solution of the acidolysis amino acid stock solution: 2-2.2L, and adjusting pH to 3.0-5.0 to obtain mixture of crop straw and acid hydrolyzed amino acid as solid fermentation culture medium;
the acidolysis amino acid stock solution is prepared by the following method: (1) automatically crushing livestock and poultry dead of diseases in a closed container, automatically transferring all solid matters and liquid into a closed hydrolysis tank, and then performing acid hydrolysis at an initial acid concentration c (1/2H)2SO4) Is 3 to 5mol L-1Hydrolyzing at 80-100 deg.C under 1-2 atmospheric pressure for 2-5 hr; (2) after hydrolysis, when the solution in the hydrolysis tank is cooled to below 80 ℃, standing for layering, and collecting the amino acid solution in the middle layer to obtain acid hydrolysis amino acid;
thirdly, the SQR-T037 fermentation liquor is inoculated into a solid fermentation medium according to the amount of 50-100L/ton, the solid fermentation product of the trichoderma is obtained after shallow tray culture for 96-168 hours at the pH value of 3.0-5.0, the fermentation temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60-70 percent RH, and the spore number in the solid fermentation product is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the aging time is 6 to 24 hours, preferably 10 to 15 hours.
4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of the acidolysis amino acid stock solution to the decomposed compost in step (2) is 2: 8.
5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer in the step (2) contains 2 x 108SQR-T037 with the mass ratio of total nitrogen content of more than cfu/g being 2.5-3.0%, organic nitrogen with the mass ratio of more than 90% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient being 5-6%, organic matter content being more than or equal to 45%, free amino acid and small peptide being 2-3%, water content being less than or equal to 30%, and pH being 6-7.
6. The application of claim 1, wherein in step (3), according to each ton of trichoderma full-element bio-organic fertilizer, 660-780 kg/ton of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, 80-123 kg/ton of diammonium phosphate, 50-80 kg/ton of potassium sulfate, 80-123 kg/ton of calcium nitrate, 8-12 kg/ton of magnesium sulfate and 2 kg/ton of zinc sulfate are respectively added; preferably, 780 kg/ton of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, 80 kg/ton of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg/ton of potassium sulfate, 80 kg/ton of calcium nitrate, 8 kg/ton of magnesium sulfate and 2 kg/ton of zinc sulfate are added.
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| CN104788143A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | 南京农业大学 | Method for producing bio-organic fertilizer from acidolysis solution and decomposed manure and product |
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| CN104788143A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | 南京农业大学 | Method for producing bio-organic fertilizer from acidolysis solution and decomposed manure and product |
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