CN113071024A - Method for preparing foam product by recycling waste plastic - Google Patents
Method for preparing foam product by recycling waste plastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113071024A CN113071024A CN202110408263.6A CN202110408263A CN113071024A CN 113071024 A CN113071024 A CN 113071024A CN 202110408263 A CN202110408263 A CN 202110408263A CN 113071024 A CN113071024 A CN 113071024A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- defoaming
- medium
- tank
- waste
- heat
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006173 Good's buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B2017/001—Pretreating the materials before recovery
- B29B2017/0015—Washing, rinsing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0476—Cutting or tearing members, e.g. spiked or toothed cylinders or intermeshing rollers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a foam product by recycling waste plastics, which belongs to the technical field of waste plastics recycling and specifically comprises the steps of waste plastics selecting and pre-drying treatment, primary impurity removal, secondary water washing, cold pressing, crushing, volume reduction and defoaming, rinsing, melt extrusion, granulation and water cooling, re-foaming, curing, forming and the like. The invention realizes the recycling of waste expandable polystyrene, greatly reduces the influence of white pollution caused by the waste expandable polystyrene, and simultaneously realizes the resource ecological treatment by recycling the waste expandable polystyrene into turnover boxes, household gardening, aquatic product packaging boxes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste plastic recycling, in particular to a method for preparing a foam product by recycling waste plastic.
Background
The polystyrene foam has the characteristics of good buffer performance, sound insulation and heat insulation performance, small density, large volume, easy storage and the like after being molded, and is widely applied to buffer packaging and the like. However, it has the problems of not being naturally degraded and difficult to recover, and further forms "white pollution". The widely adopted treatment method at present is a combustion method, and the combusted gas passes through water to dissolve easily-soluble toxic substances such as nitrogen dioxide and the like in the gas, so that a set of water treatment equipment is required to be prepared when the waste polystyrene is combusted, the economic burden of treatment is increased, and the concept of full utilization of resources is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics, which has reasonable process design and good treatment effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing a foam product by recycling waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and pre-drying the waste plastics: selecting plastic with the expandable polystyrene content of more than 70% from waste plastic, and placing the plastic under the sun to dry the surface;
(2) primary impurity removal: separating part of impurities on the surface of the plastic from the plastic by beating and selecting the waste plastic treated in the step (1);
(3) and (3) secondary water washing: soaking the waste plastic treated in the step (2) in a cleaning pool for 15-30min, stirring for 2-4 times in the soaking process, fishing out after soaking is finished, and washing the surface of the waste plastic in a washing mode;
(4) cold pressing and crushing: reducing the volume of the waste plastic treated in the step (3) to about 1/3 by adopting a rolling mode, and then crushing the waste plastic into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 15mm by adopting a crusher;
(5) volume reduction and defoaming: putting the waste plastic particles treated in the step (4) into defoaming equipment, and adding an aqueous medium or an oily medium heated to 110-130 ℃, wherein the aqueous medium or the oily medium is in full contact with the added waste polystyrene foam plastic in the feeding process;
(6) rinsing: preparing a rinsing liquid in advance, wherein the rinsing liquid is lemon water, and the lemon water is prepared by mixing dry lemon slices and water according to the weight ratio of 1: boiling 20-40 wt% with strong fire, keeping the mixture in rolling state for 8-15min, cooling to room temperature, taking out the lemon slices, and adding 70% ethanol, wherein the weight of the 70% ethanol added is 2-5% of that of the dry lemon slices; pouring the waste plastic particles treated in the step (5) into rinsing liquid for rinsing, then cleaning with clear water, and air-drying;
(7) melt extrusion and granulation water cooling: before melt extrusion, adding 5-10% of expandable polystyrene new material into the defoamed plastic particles obtained in the step (6), carrying out melt extrusion together in a conventional manner, and carrying out granulation and water cooling;
(8) re-foaming, curing and molding: and (4) carrying out re-foaming, curing and molding on the plastic particles treated in the step (7) in a conventional manner.
Further, in the volume reduction and defoaming step, the aqueous medium is 5-10% of CaCl2The water solution is heated to 120-130 ℃ under the condition of pressurization, enters closed defoaming equipment in a gas state and a liquid state, and is contacted with crushed waste plastic particles in the defoaming equipment, softened and defoamed.
Further, in the volume reduction and defoaming step, the oily medium is liquid paraffin, and after defoaming by adopting the oily medium, paraffin needs to be maximally extruded by adopting an extrusion mode after defoaming and before rinsing.
Furthermore, the defoaming equipment used for volume reduction and defoaming comprises a supporting platform, a defoaming medium heating tank and a defoaming tank, wherein the defoaming medium heating tank and the defoaming tank are fixed on the supporting platform, the wall of the defoaming medium heating tank is made of high-pressure-resistant heat-insulating materials, a stirring assembly is arranged in the defoaming medium heating tank, the stirring assembly is driven by a motor to stir intermittently, a heating assembly is further fixed on the inner wall of the defoaming medium heating tank, and a thermometer is further fixed on the side wall of the defoaming medium heating tank; the defoaming tank comprises a heat-insulating tank body with an open top, a defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve, a horn-shaped detention cover with upper and lower openings, a lifting cylinder and a lifting mesh pressing plate, wherein the bottom of the heat-insulating tank body is a conical discharge hole, a mesh-shaped discharge valve is fixed at the discharge hole, a sealing cover made of heat insulation material is covered at the discharge port and below the discharge valve, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the insulation tank body, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is of a hollow interlayer annular structure, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is also made of high-pressure-resistant insulation material, a defoaming medium inlet is formed in the outer wall of one side of the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve, the defoaming medium inlet is fixedly connected and communicated with a defoaming medium heating tank through a heat insulation pipeline, and a plurality of defoaming medium outlet holes for communicating the hollow part of the defoaming medium inlet are formed in the inner side wall of the heat insulation sleeve along the circumferential direction of the defoaming medium inlet; the upper part of the retention cover is big and the lower part is small, the upper end of the retention cover is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the heat-insulation tank body, and the retention cover is positioned below the defoaming medium adding heat-insulation sleeve; a telescopic rod of the lifting cylinder vertically penetrates through the detention cover downwards and then a lifting mesh pressing plate is fixed at the end part, the lifting mesh pressing plate is a mesh plate, and the mesh size of the lifting mesh pressing plate is designed according to the fact that only plastic particles meeting defoaming requirements are allowed to pass through; the top of the heat-preserving tank body of the defoaming tank is closed.
Furthermore, a filter screen is fixed on the end part which is positioned in the defoaming medium heating tank and is arranged on the heat insulation pipeline which is connected and communicated with the defoaming medium heating tank.
Further, the two heat insulation pipelines connected and communicated with the defoaming medium heating tank are respectively a gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe and a liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe which are fixedly connected and communicated with the top and the bottom of one side of the defoaming medium heating tank, are respectively made of heat insulation materials, are fixedly connected with corresponding valves on the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe and the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe, are also fixedly provided with pumps on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe, and are converged on the same pipeline through a tee joint and are finally connected and communicated with a hollow layer of a defoaming medium adding heat insulation sleeve of the defoaming tank through a shared pipeline; a pressure gauge is also fixed at the top in the defoaming medium heating tank; the detention cover is provided with a plurality of fine holes for steam to pass through. The structure is suitable for defoaming and reducing volume of an aqueous medium.
Further, at the top of defoaming jar and be located the top fixedly connected with storage hopper that the defoaming medium adds the insulation cover, the sealed realization that adopts the sealed lid of heat preservation by the top of storage hopper of the insulation can body top of defoaming jar.
Furthermore, the inner bottom of the defoaming medium heating pipe is in a central convex shape.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention controls the types of the waste plastics, such as plastics with expandable polystyrene content over 70 percent, and provides a foundation for secondary expansion;
2. through the combination of primary beating impurity removal and secondary washing, the cleaning and impurity removal operation on the waste plastic can be realized while the water consumption for cleaning is relatively reduced, and the influence of impurities on secondary foaming of the waste plastic is avoided;
3. the defoaming effect and the secondary foaming effect can be improved through the sequential operations of cold pressing, crushing, volume reduction, defoaming and the like;
4. the rinsing is carried out after the volume reduction and the defoaming, so that certain effects of oil removal, sterilization and the like can be achieved;
5. through the organic combination of the steps, the recycling of the waste expandable polystyrene can be realized, the influence of white pollution caused by the waste expandable polystyrene is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the waste expandable polystyrene is recycled to be made into turnover boxes, household gardening, aquatic product packaging boxes and the like, so that the resource ecological treatment is realized;
6. the specially-made defoaming equipment disclosed by the invention is reasonable in structural design, so that the waste plastic particles are fully contacted with a defoaming medium (a water-based medium or an oil-based medium), and the defoaming and volume reduction effects can be well realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific defoaming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a defoaming medium heating tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the defoaming tank according to the present invention (after the wall of the thermal insulation tank is transparentized and the conical discharge port is removed);
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the defoaming agent added to the thermal insulation jacket on the thermal insulation tank body according to the present invention (after the wall of the thermal insulation tank body is transparentized and the tapered discharge port is removed);
wherein, 1, supporting platform, 2, defoaming medium heating tank, 3, defoaming jar, 4, stirring subassembly, 5, heating element, 6, the heat-preserving tank body, 7, defoaming medium add the insulation cover, 8, the cover that is detained, 9, lift cylinder, 10, lift mesh clamp plate, 11, gaseous defoaming medium exit tube, 12, liquid defoaming medium exit tube, 13, storage hopper.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "center", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In addition, the details are not described below with reference to the prior art.
EXAMPLE one (defoaming and volume reduction of aqueous Medium)
As shown in fig. 1-4, the defoaming equipment of the present invention comprises a supporting platform 1, and a defoaming medium heating tank 2 and a defoaming tank 3 fixed on the supporting platform 1 in a conventional manner, wherein the wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is made of a high pressure resistant heat insulation material, the top of the tank is closed, only one charging opening is left, and a heat insulation sealing cover covers the charging opening; the inner bottom of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is in a central convex shape; a stirring component 4 is arranged in the defoaming medium heating tank 2, the stirring component 4 is driven by a motor to intermittently stir at a low speed (200 revolutions per minute) and 300 revolutions per minute, a heating component 5 is further fixed on the inner wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2, a thermometer is further fixed on the side wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2, the top and the bottom of one side of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 are respectively and fixedly connected with a gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11 made of a heat insulation material and a liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 made of a heat insulation material, corresponding valves are fixedly connected on the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11 and the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12, a pump is further fixed on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12, and a filter screen is fixed at the end part of the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 in the defoaming medium heating tank 2 to prevent particulate matters from entering the defoaming tank; the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11 and the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 are converged on the same pipeline through a tee joint and are finally connected with a defoaming medium inlet formed in the outer wall of one side of the defoaming medium adding heat insulation sleeve 7 of the defoaming tank 3 through a shared pipeline, so that the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is connected and communicated with the hollow layer of the defoaming medium adding heat insulation sleeve 7, and a pressure gauge is further fixed at the top in the defoaming medium heating tank 2; the defoaming tank 3 comprises a heat-insulating tank body 6 with an open top, a defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7, a horn-shaped detention cover 8 with an upper opening and a lower opening, a lifting cylinder 9 and a lifting mesh pressing plate 10, wherein the bottom of the heat-insulating tank body 6 is a tapered discharge port, a discharge valve (the valve is a mesh-shaped flap valve, a sealing cover is covered on the tapered discharge port and below the mesh-shaped flap valve) is fixed at the discharge port, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the heat-insulating tank body 6, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is of a hollow interlayer annular structure, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is also made of a high-pressure-resistant heat-insulating material, and a plurality of defoaming medium outlets for communicating the defoaming medium with a hollow part of the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve;
the upper part and the lower part of the retention cover 8 are small, the upper end of the retention cover 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the heat-insulation tank body 6, the retention cover 8 is positioned below the defoaming medium adding heat-insulation sleeve 7 (the vertical distance between the bottom of the retention cover 8 and a defoaming medium outlet is 10-30 cm), and a plurality of fine holes for steam to pass through are formed in the retention cover 8; a telescopic rod of the lifting cylinder 9 vertically penetrates downwards from the inside of the retention cover 8 and then is fixed with a lifting mesh pressing plate 10 at the end part, the outer diameter of the lifting mesh pressing plate 10 is larger than the bottom opening of the retention cover 8 and smaller than the inner diameter of the heat insulation tank body 6, the lifting mesh pressing plate 10 is a mesh plate, and the mesh size of the lifting mesh pressing plate is designed according to the fact that only plastic particles meeting defoaming requirements are allowed to pass through; the top of defoaming jar 3 just is located the top fixedly connected with storage hopper 13 that the defoaming medium adds insulation cover 7, and the top of storage hopper 13 adopts the sealed lid that keeps warm to seal and has seted up the charge door on the sealed lid that keeps warm, has covered the sealed lid that keeps warm in charge door department, and the passing through bolt of lift cylinder 9 is fixed on its sealed lid that keeps warm.
The method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and pre-drying the waste plastics: selecting plastic with the expandable polystyrene content of more than 70% from waste plastic, and placing the plastic under the sun to dry the surface;
(2) primary impurity removal: separating part of impurities on the surface of the plastic from the plastic by beating and selecting the waste plastic treated in the step (1);
(3) and (3) secondary water washing: soaking the waste plastic treated in the step (2) in a cleaning pool for 15min, stirring for 2-4 times in the soaking process, fishing out after soaking is finished, and washing the surface of the waste plastic in a washing mode;
(4) cold pressing and crushing: reducing the volume of the waste plastic treated in the step (3) to about 1/3 by adopting a rolling mode, and then crushing the waste plastic into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 15mm by adopting a crusher;
(5) volume reduction and defoaming: putting the waste plastic particles treated in the step (4) into defoaming equipment, and sealing the bottom of the retention cover through a lifting mesh pressing plate to retain the waste plastic particles in the retention cover 8 and the storage hopper 13; simultaneously adding 5-10% of CaCl2Heating the aqueous solution to 120-130 ℃ under the condition of pressurization, and maintaining the temperature until defoaming is completed; then the valve on the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11 is opened for maintenanceAllowing CaCl to stand for 20-40s2The water solution enters the defoaming tank 3 in a gaseous state, then a valve and a pump on a liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 are opened, a valve on a gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11 and CaCl are closed2Aqueous solution gets into defoaming jar 3 in, contact with waste plastic granule, soften, accomplish the defoaming, the granule that accords with the defoaming requirement then falls from lift mesh clamp plate 10, after whole defoamings are accomplished, descend lift mesh clamp plate 10, push down the plastics after the defoaming, the in-process of pushing down, open the lid on the heat preservation jar body bottom taper discharge gate, extrude the liquid in the granule, until can't extrude obvious liquid after, open the mesh form flap valve on the taper discharge gate, waste plastic granule after the defoaming then falls out, get into next procedure, waste plastic granule density after the defoaming is about 0.860g/cm full length of a man, wherein CaCl2The dosage of the aqueous solution is about 1 to 1.5 times of the total weight of the waste plastic particles;
(6) rinsing: preparing a rinsing liquid in advance, wherein the rinsing liquid is lemon water, and the lemon water is prepared by mixing dry lemon slices and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 20, boiling with strong fire, keeping the state of rolling for 15min, cooling to normal temperature, taking out the lemon slices, and adding 70% ethanol, wherein the adding weight of the 70% ethanol is 2% of that of the dry lemon slices; pouring the waste plastic particles treated in the step (5) into rinsing liquid for rinsing, then cleaning with clear water, and air-drying;
(7) melt extrusion and granulation water cooling: before melt extrusion, adding 8% of expandable polystyrene new material into the defoamed plastic particles obtained in the step (6), carrying out melt extrusion together according to a conventional mode, and carrying out granulation and water cooling;
(8) re-foaming, curing and molding: and (3) adding a conventional low-boiling-point foaming agent accounting for 3-5% of the total weight of the particles into the particles obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of about 90 ℃, performing conventional foaming, standing for 24 hours in a natural environment to cure the particles, feeding the cured foaming material into a mold, heating the foaming material by using steam, and fusing the surfaces of the particles into a foam plastic part under the action of heat while expanding.
Example two (oil medium defoaming volume reduction)
As shown in fig. 1-4, the defoaming equipment of the present invention comprises a supporting platform 1, and a defoaming medium heating tank 2 and a defoaming tank 3 fixed on the supporting platform 1 in a conventional manner, wherein the wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is made of a high pressure resistant heat insulation material, the top of the tank is closed, only one charging opening is left, and a heat insulation sealing cover covers the charging opening; the inner bottom of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is in a central convex shape; a stirring component 4 is arranged in the defoaming medium heating tank 2, the stirring component 4 is driven by a motor to intermittently stir at a low speed (200 revolutions per minute) for 300 revolutions per minute, a heating component 5 is further fixed on the inner wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2, a thermometer is further fixed on the side wall of the defoaming medium heating tank 2, the bottom of one side of the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is fixedly connected and communicated with a liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 made of a heat insulation material, corresponding valves are fixedly connected on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12, a pump is further fixed on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12, and a filter screen is fixed on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 and at the end part in the defoaming medium heating tank 2 so as to prevent particles from entering the defoaming tank 3; the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12 is finally connected with a defoaming medium inlet formed in the outer wall of one side of the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve 7 of the defoaming tank 3 through a heat insulation pipeline, so that the defoaming medium heating tank 2 is connected and communicated with the hollow layer of the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve 7; the defoaming tank 3 comprises a heat-insulating tank body 6 with an open top, a defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7, a horn-shaped detention cover 8 with an upper opening and a lower opening, a lifting cylinder 9 and a lifting mesh pressing plate 10, wherein the bottom of the heat-insulating tank body 6 is a tapered discharge port, a discharge valve (the valve is a mesh-shaped flap valve, a sealing cover is covered on the tapered discharge port and below the mesh-shaped flap valve) is fixed at the discharge port, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the heat-insulating tank body 6, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is of a hollow interlayer annular structure, the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 is also made of a high-pressure-resistant heat-insulating material, and a plurality of defoaming medium outlets for communicating the defoaming medium with a hollow part of the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve;
the upper part of the retention cover 8 is big and the lower part is small, the upper end of the retention cover 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the heat-insulating tank body 6, and the retention cover 8 is positioned below the defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve 7 (the vertical distance between the bottom of the retention cover 8 and a defoaming medium outlet is 10-30 cm); a telescopic rod of the lifting cylinder 9 vertically penetrates downwards from the inside of the retention cover 8 and then is fixed with a lifting mesh pressing plate 10 at the end part, the outer diameter of the lifting mesh pressing plate 10 is larger than the bottom opening of the retention cover 8 and smaller than the inner diameter of the heat insulation tank body 6, the lifting mesh pressing plate 10 is a mesh plate, and the mesh size of the lifting mesh pressing plate is designed according to the fact that only plastic particles meeting defoaming requirements are allowed to pass through; the top of defoaming jar 3 just is located defoaming medium and adds the top fixedly connected with storage hopper 13 of insulation cover 7, and the top of storage hopper 13 adopts the sealed lid of heat preservation to seal, and the passing through bolt that goes up and down cylinder 9 fixes on its sealed lid of heat preservation.
The method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and pre-drying the waste plastics: selecting plastic with the expandable polystyrene content of more than 70% from waste plastic, and placing the plastic under the sun to dry the surface;
(2) primary impurity removal: separating part of impurities on the surface of the plastic from the plastic by beating and selecting the waste plastic treated in the step (1);
(3) and (3) secondary water washing: soaking the waste plastic treated in the step (2) in a cleaning pool for 30min, stirring for 4 times in the soaking process, fishing out after soaking is finished, and washing the surface of the waste plastic in a washing mode;
(4) cold pressing and crushing: reducing the volume of the waste plastic treated in the step (3) to about 1/3 by adopting a rolling mode, and then crushing the waste plastic into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 15mm by adopting a crusher;
(5) volume reduction and defoaming: putting the waste plastic particles treated in the step (4) into defoaming equipment, and sealing the bottom of the retention cover through a lifting mesh pressing plate to retain the waste plastic particles in the retention cover 8 and the storage hopper 13; simultaneously heating the liquid paraffin to 110-120 ℃, and maintaining the temperature until the defoaming is finished; then opening a valve and a pump on the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe 12, closing a valve on the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe 11, leading the liquid paraffin to enter the defoaming tank 3, contacting and softening the waste plastic particles to complete defoaming, dropping the particles meeting the defoaming requirement from the lifting mesh pressing plate 10, descending the lifting mesh pressing plate 10 after all defoaming is completed, pressing down the defoamed plastic, and in the process of pressing down, the cover on the conical discharge hole at the bottom of the heat preservation tank body 6 is opened to extrude the liquid in the particles until no obvious liquid is extruded, opening the mesh-shaped flap valve on the conical discharge port, dropping the defoamed waste plastic particles out, extruding again in a plate-and-frame filter press until no obvious liquid flows out, carrying out thin film chromatography on the defoamed waste plastic particles at a density of about 0.915g/cm, wherein the dosage of the liquid paraffin is about 0.8 to 1.5 times of the total weight of the waste plastic particles;
(6) rinsing: preparing a rinsing liquid in advance, wherein the rinsing liquid is lemon water, and the lemon water is prepared by mixing dry lemon slices and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 30, boiling with strong fire, keeping the state of rolling for 15min, cooling to normal temperature, taking out the lemon slices, and adding 70% ethanol, wherein the adding weight of the 70% ethanol is 5% of that of the dry lemon slices; pouring the waste plastic particles treated in the step (5) into rinsing liquid for rinsing, then cleaning with clear water, and air-drying;
(7) melt extrusion and granulation water cooling: before melt extrusion, adding 10% of expandable polystyrene new material into the defoamed plastic particles obtained in the step (6), carrying out melt extrusion together according to a conventional mode, and carrying out granulation and water cooling;
(8) re-foaming, curing and molding: and (3) adding a conventional low-boiling-point foaming agent with the weight of 3-5% of the total weight of the particles into the particles obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of about 90 ℃, foaming by 10-30 times, standing for 24 hours in a natural environment for curing, feeding the cured foaming material into a mold, heating by using steam, and fusing the surfaces of the particles into foam parts (a conventional vegetable box and an aquatic product packaging box) by the heat effect while expanding.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a foam product by recycling waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and pre-drying the waste plastics: selecting plastic with the expandable polystyrene content of more than 70% from waste plastic, and placing the plastic under the sun to dry the surface;
(2) primary impurity removal: separating part of impurities on the surface of the plastic from the plastic by beating and selecting the waste plastic treated in the step (1);
(3) and (3) secondary water washing: soaking the waste plastic treated in the step (2) in a cleaning pool for 15-30min, stirring for 2-4 times in the soaking process, fishing out after soaking is finished, and washing the surface of the waste plastic in a washing mode;
(4) cold pressing and crushing: reducing the volume of the waste plastic treated in the step (3) to about 1/3 by adopting a rolling mode, and then crushing the waste plastic into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 15mm by adopting a crusher;
(5) volume reduction and defoaming: putting the waste plastic particles treated in the step (4) into defoaming equipment, and adding an aqueous medium or an oily medium heated to 110-130 ℃, wherein the aqueous medium or the oily medium is in full contact with the added waste polystyrene foam plastic in the feeding process;
(6) rinsing: preparing a rinsing liquid in advance, wherein the rinsing liquid is lemon water, and the lemon water is prepared by mixing dry lemon slices and water according to the weight ratio of 1: boiling 20-40 wt% with strong fire, keeping the mixture in rolling state for 8-15min, cooling to room temperature, taking out the lemon slices, and adding 70% ethanol, wherein the weight of the 70% ethanol added is 2-5% of that of the dry lemon slices; pouring the waste plastic particles treated in the step (5) into rinsing liquid for rinsing, then cleaning with clear water, and air-drying;
(7) melt extrusion and granulation water cooling: before melt extrusion, adding 5-10% of expandable polystyrene new material into the defoamed plastic particles obtained in the step (6), carrying out melt extrusion together in a conventional manner, and carrying out granulation and water cooling;
(8) re-foaming, curing and molding: and (4) carrying out re-foaming, curing and molding on the plastic particles treated in the step (7) in a conventional manner.
2. The method for preparing foam product by recycling waste plastics according to claim 1Characterized in that in the volume reduction and defoaming step, the aqueous medium is 5-10% of CaCl2The water solution is heated to 120-130 ℃ under the condition of pressurization, enters closed defoaming equipment in a gas state and a liquid state, and is contacted with crushed waste plastic particles in the defoaming equipment, softened and defoamed.
3. The method for preparing foamed products by recycling waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein in the step of reducing volume and defoaming, the oily medium is liquid paraffin, and after defoaming by using the oily medium, the paraffin is extruded in a maximum manner by adopting a squeezing mode after defoaming and before rinsing.
4. The method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics according to the claim 2 or 3, wherein the defoaming equipment used for volume reduction and defoaming comprises a supporting platform, a defoaming medium heating tank and a defoaming tank which are fixed on the supporting platform, the wall of the defoaming medium heating tank is made of high-pressure-resistant heat-insulating materials, a stirring component is arranged in the defoaming medium heating tank, the stirring component is driven by a motor to stir intermittently, a heating component is fixed on the inner wall of the defoaming medium heating tank, and a temperature meter is fixed on the side wall of the defoaming medium heating tank; the defoaming tank comprises a heat-insulating tank body with an open top, a defoaming medium adding heat-insulating sleeve, a horn-shaped detention cover with upper and lower openings, a lifting cylinder and a lifting mesh pressing plate, wherein the bottom of the heat-insulating tank body is a conical discharge hole, a mesh-shaped discharge valve is fixed at the discharge hole, a sealing cover made of heat insulation material is covered at the discharge port and below the discharge valve, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the insulation tank body, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is of a hollow interlayer annular structure, the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve is also made of high-pressure-resistant insulation material, a defoaming medium inlet is formed in the outer wall of one side of the defoaming medium adding insulation sleeve, the defoaming medium inlet is fixedly connected and communicated with a defoaming medium heating tank through a heat insulation pipeline, and a plurality of defoaming medium outlet holes for communicating the hollow part of the defoaming medium inlet are formed in the inner side wall of the heat insulation sleeve along the circumferential direction of the defoaming medium inlet; the upper part of the retention cover is big and the lower part is small, the upper end of the retention cover is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the heat-insulation tank body, and the retention cover is positioned below the defoaming medium adding heat-insulation sleeve; a telescopic rod of the lifting cylinder vertically penetrates through the detention cover downwards and then a lifting mesh pressing plate is fixed at the end part, the lifting mesh pressing plate is a mesh plate, and the mesh size of the lifting mesh pressing plate is designed according to the fact that only plastic particles meeting defoaming requirements are allowed to pass through; the top of the heat-preserving tank body of the defoaming tank is closed.
5. The method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics as claimed in claim 4, wherein a filter screen is fixed on an end part of the heat preservation pipeline connected and communicated with the defoaming medium heating tank and positioned in the defoaming medium heating tank.
6. The method for preparing foam products by recycling waste plastics according to claim 5, wherein there are two heat insulation pipes connected and communicated with the defoaming medium heating tank, each of which is a gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe and a liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe of heat insulation material, the top and the bottom of one side of the defoaming medium heating tank are respectively and fixedly connected and communicated with the top and the bottom of the other side of the heat insulation tank, corresponding valves are fixedly connected to the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe and the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe, pumps are also fixedly connected to the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe, the gaseous defoaming medium outlet pipe and the liquid defoaming medium outlet pipe are converged to the same pipe through a tee joint, and are finally connected and communicated with a hollow layer of a defoaming medium adding heat insulation jacket of the defoaming tank through the shared pipe; a pressure gauge is also fixed at the top in the defoaming medium heating tank; the detention cover is provided with a plurality of fine holes for steam to pass through.
7. The method for preparing the foam product by recycling the waste plastics as claimed in claim 6, wherein a material storage hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the defoaming tank above the defoaming medium adding heat insulation sleeve, and the top of the heat insulation tank body of the defoaming tank is sealed by a heat insulation sealing cover at the top of the material storage hopper.
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