CN113070985A - Mold for upright-hitting type production of precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and using method thereof - Google Patents
Mold for upright-hitting type production of precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113070985A CN113070985A CN202110343662.9A CN202110343662A CN113070985A CN 113070985 A CN113070985 A CN 113070985A CN 202110343662 A CN202110343662 A CN 202110343662A CN 113070985 A CN113070985 A CN 113070985A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000207965 Acanthaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
- B28B7/002—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps using magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
- B28B7/0055—Mould pallets; Mould panels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mould for the direct-beating type production of a precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and a use method thereof, wherein the mould comprises a bottom mould and a side mould, the side mould comprises a lower side mould for supporting a concrete inner shear wallboard, a middle side mould for supporting a heat-insulation plate and an upper side mould for supporting an outer blade plate, which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and the lower side mould is fixed on the bottom mould; the modularized die can be suitable for producing components with different sizes, so that the material is saved, the turnover efficiency of the die is improved, and the use cost of the die is reduced; the using method of the die can save the time for transporting and assembling and disassembling the die, is easy to control the time period, improves the production efficiency and saves the time cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of precast concrete wallboards, and particularly relates to a mould for upright-hitting production of a precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and a using method thereof.
Background
The assembly type building is developed rapidly in recent years, transformation and upgrading are carried out in the building industries of all parts, and the assembly type building is a main development direction. At present, the main structural component of the fabricated concrete shear wall structure is a shear wall, and due to the popularization of an integrated production mode, the prefabricated concrete sandwich heat-insulation external wall panel is very widely applied. In the prior art, the production of the precast concrete sandwich thermal insulation external wall panel mainly adopts a reverse beating method, namely, an internal shear wall panel is precast firstly, then a thermal insulation board is paved, and finally an external leaf panel is precast. The reverse-beating method production has certain defect, and its reverse-beating method mould installation with demolish the consumption time long, be unfavorable for saving the time cost, and the mould needs customization alone, the rate of reuse is lower, the reinforcement of interior shear force wallboard is loaded down with trivial details simultaneously, ligature efficiency is lower, is unfavorable for control production cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mould for the direct-beating type production of a precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and a use method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall plate in the prior art mainly adopts a reverse beating method, an inner shear wallboard is prefabricated firstly, then a heat-insulation plate is laid, and finally an outer leaf plate is prefabricated, the installation and the removal of the existing reverse beating method mould are long in consumed time, the time cost is not favorably saved, the mould needs to be customized independently, the repeated utilization rate is lower, meanwhile, the steel bars of the inner shear wallboard are complicated to bind, the binding efficiency is lower, the production period is not favorably controlled, and the like.
The invention specifically comprises the following scheme:
the invention discloses a mold for direct-hitting production of a precast concrete sandwich heat-insulating outer wall, which comprises a bottom mold and a side mold, wherein the side mold comprises a lower side mold for supporting a concrete inner shear wallboard, a middle side mold for supporting a heat-insulating plate and an upper side mold for supporting an outer blade plate, which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and the lower side mold is fixed on the bottom mold.
In the above scheme, preferably, at least two steel bar through holes are reserved on the contact surface of the lower side die and the inner shear wall plate at intervals.
It is also preferable that at least two first stiffening ribs are welded to the lower mold side surface.
It is also preferable that the lower die is fixed to the lower die by a magnetic attraction means.
It can also be preferred that the top surface of the lower side form is provided with at least two tooth-shaped clamping grooves distributed at intervals, the bottom surface of the middle side form is provided with a convex tooth raft matched with the tooth-shaped clamping grooves, and the middle side form is fixedly connected with the lower side form in the tooth-shaped clamping grooves through the tooth raft.
It is also preferable that at least two stiffening ribs are distributed on the side surface of the upper side die at intervals.
It may also be preferred that the middle mould is provided with a transverse slideway in which the upper mould is mounted.
It is also preferable that the upper side die is fixed to the middle side die by bolts.
The application method of the mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall comprises the following steps,
when the formwork of the precast concrete sandwich thermal insulation external wall panel is positively beaten,
fixing a lower side mold of the concrete inner shear wall plate on a bottom mold;
binding the reinforcing steel bars of the shear wall plate in the concrete;
carrying out concrete pouring operation on the shear wall board in the concrete;
erecting a middle side die of the heat insulation board, and fixing the middle side die on a lower side die;
after the poured concrete is solidified, laying an insulation board;
supporting an upper side die of the outer blade plate, and fixing the upper side die on the middle side die;
and binding the steel bars of the outer blade plate, and pouring concrete.
The application method of the mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall further comprises the following steps,
when the formwork is dismantled, the formwork is dismantled reversely according to the sequence of the supporting formwork,
the upper side die is detached from the middle side die;
the middle side die is detached from the lower side die;
and (4) removing the lower side die from the bottom die.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the mould for the direct hitting type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and the use method thereof, the modularized mould can be suitable for producing components with different sizes, so that materials are saved, the turnover efficiency of the mould is improved, and the use cost of the mould is reduced; the using method of the die can save the time for transporting and assembling and disassembling the die, is easy to control the time period, improves the production efficiency and saves the time cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold for upright-driving production of a precast concrete sandwich thermal insulation outer wall according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of the forward forging type production mold for the precast concrete sandwich insulation outer wall of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a B-B section view of the mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich thermal-insulation exterior wall of the invention.
In the figure, 1 is the die block, 2 is shear force wallboard in the concrete, 3 is the lower bolster, 4 is the heated board, 5 is the well side form, 6 is outer acanthus leaf, 7 is the upper bolster, 8 is the reinforcing bar perforation, 9 is first stiffening rib board, 10 is magnetism device of inhaling, 11 is the profile of tooth draw-in groove, 12 is the tooth racking, 13 is second stiffening rib board, 14 is the bolt.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 to 3 show that the mold for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulating outer wall comprises a bottom mold 1 and side molds, wherein the side molds comprise a lower side mold 3 for supporting a concrete inner shear wall plate 2, a middle side mold 5 for supporting a heat-insulating plate 4 and an upper side mold 7 for supporting an outer blade plate 6, which are sequentially connected from bottom to top, and the lower side mold 3 is fixed on the bottom mold 1.
The application method of the mould for the direct-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall comprises the following steps,
when the formwork of the precast concrete sandwich thermal insulation external wall panel is positively beaten,
fixing a lower side die 3 of the concrete inner shear wall plate 2 on a bottom die 1;
binding reinforcing steel bars of the concrete inner shear wall plate 2;
carrying out concrete pouring operation on the shear wall plate 2 in the concrete;
a middle side die 5 of the insulation board is erected, and the middle side die 5 is fixed on the lower side die 3;
after the poured concrete is solidified, laying an insulation board;
supporting an upper side die 7 of the outer blade plate, and fixing the upper side die 7 on the middle side die 5;
and binding the steel bars of the outer blade plate, and pouring concrete.
The application method of the mould for the direct-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall of the embodiment further comprises the following steps,
when the formwork is dismantled, the formwork is dismantled reversely according to the sequence of the supporting formwork,
the upper side die 7 is detached from the middle side die 5;
the middle side die 5 is detached from the lower side die 3;
the lower die 3 is removed from the lower die 1.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the mold for the direct-hitting type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulating outer wall can further comprise at least two steel bar through holes 8 reserved on the contact surface of the lower side mold 3 and the concrete inner shear wall plate 2 at intervals.
When the die is used, the end part of the steel bar can penetrate through the steel bar through hole 8 and penetrate out of the lower side die 3 when the steel bar of the concrete inner shear wall plate 2 is bound, and the rest gap can be blocked by a foam bar.
Further, at least two first stiffening rib plates 9 are welded on the side surface of the lower side die 3.
Further, the lower die 3 is fixed on the bottom die 1 by a magnetic attraction device 10.
The lower die 3 may be fixed to the bottom die 1 by a magnetic attraction device 10.
Further, be provided with two at least profile of tooth draw-in grooves 11 of interval distribution on the top surface of lower side mould 3, be provided with convex raft 12 that matches with profile of tooth draw-in groove 11 on the 5 bottom surfaces of well side mould, well side mould 5 sets up in profile of tooth draw-in groove 11 through raft 12 with lower side mould 3 fixed connection.
When the die is used, the middle die 5 can be fixed on the lower die 3, and the middle die 5 is arranged in the tooth-shaped clamping groove 11 through the branches 12 and fixedly connected with the lower die 3. Still can be according to the insulation board size, set up well side form 5 in the profile of tooth draw-in groove 11 of required suitable position through tooth raft 12, realize with lower side mould 3 fixed connection.
Further, at least two second stiffening rib plates 13 are distributed on the side face of the upper side die 7 at intervals.
Furthermore, a transverse slideway is arranged on the middle side die 5, and the upper side die 7 is arranged in the slideway.
Further, the upper die 7 is fixed to the middle die 5 by bolts 14.
When the mould is used, the upper side mould 7 of the outer blade plate can be transversely slid to a proper position left and right in the slideway according to the size of the outer blade plate, and the upper side mould 7 of the outer blade plate is fixed at a corresponding proper position through a bolt 14 with strength meeting the requirement.
When the mould is used, the heat-insulating drawknot piece can penetrate through the heat-insulating plate and be inserted into the concrete inner shear wall plate 2 when the heat-insulating plate is laid.
The mold for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulating outer wall in the embodiment can be further more specifically characterized in that the bottom mold 1 can be a steel mold table, and the side mold consists of three layers of molds, namely a lower side mold 3, a middle side mold 5 and an upper side mold 7. The lower side die 3 is a lattice type steel die, the steel bar through holes 8 can be uniformly spaced, the spacing distance between the steel bar through holes 8 can be 200mm, the width of each steel bar through hole 8 can be 18mm, the height of each steel bar through hole 8 can be 154mm, two opposite side faces of each steel bar through hole 8 can be arc-shaped faces, namely the cross sections of the two opposite side faces can be semicircular. At least two first stiffening rib plates 9 can be welded on the side surface of the lower side die 3, the first stiffening rib plates 9 can be uniformly spaced, the distance between the first stiffening rib plates 9 can be 400mm, and the first stiffening rib plates 9 can be Z-shaped, namely formed by welding crossed steel plates. The lower side die 3 and the bottom die 1 can both be of steel structures, the lower side die 3 can be fixedly connected to the bottom die 1 through at least two magnetic suction devices 10 which are evenly spaced, and the spacing between every two adjacent magnetic suction devices 10 can be 400 mm.
The mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall in the embodiment can be more specifically a box-type mould for the middle side mould 5. The top surface of the lower side die 3 is provided with at least two tooth-shaped clamping grooves 11, the tooth-shaped clamping grooves 11 are uniformly distributed at intervals, the distance can be 400mm, the depth of each tooth-shaped clamping groove can be 15mm, and the width of each tooth-shaped clamping groove can be 50 mm. The quantity of convex raft 12 on the 5 bottom surfaces of well side form also is two at least, and evenly distributed, and the height of raft 12 is 10mm, and raft 12 can agree with profile of tooth draw-in groove 11 to be connected for adjust the position of well side form 5, in order to be applicable to the different overhanging length's of heated board the condition. The tooth-shaped clamping groove 11 can be a wedge-shaped groove, and the tooth branches 12 can be wedge-shaped teeth; further, the tooth-shaped clamping groove 11 can be an inclined wedge-shaped groove, and the tooth branches 12 can be inclined wedge-shaped teeth.
The mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulating outer wall of the embodiment has the advantages that the lower side mould 7 can be an angle steel mould, the side surface of the lower side mould 7 is connected with at least two second stiffening rib plates 13, and the distance between the second stiffening rib plates 13 is 400 mm. The second stiffener 13 may be a triangular plate. The second stiffening rib plate 13 may be welded simultaneously with the both flange plates of the angle iron mold. The number of the bolts 14 may be at least two, and the interval between the adjacent bolts 14 may be 400 mm. The upper side die 7 is fixedly connected with the middle side die 5 through bolts 14 with the strength meeting the requirement. The direction of the slide way is the same as the distribution direction of the bolts 14 and is horizontal left and right, the slide way can be a through long slide way, namely, the slide way with openings at two ends is convenient for the upper side mould 7 to move left and right in the slide way, so that the outer blade plate is suitable for the condition of different extending lengths of the outer blade plate. The magnetic attraction means 10 may be a magnet.
The mould for the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall and the use method thereof adopt the modularized side mould, three different moulds are respectively arranged aiming at three different parts of the concrete inner shear wall plate 2, the heat-insulation plate and the outer blade plate, namely the lower side mould 3 for supporting the concrete inner shear wall plate 2, the middle side mould 5 for supporting the heat-insulation plate 4 and the upper side mould 7 for supporting the outer blade plate 6 are assembled sequentially through respective connecting structures, the upright-beating type production of the precast concrete sandwich heat-insulation outer wall can be realized, the time for transporting and assembling and disassembling the mould can be saved, the steel bar binding efficiency of the concrete inner shear wall plate 2 is higher, and the production cycle of a production line is easy to control. The middle side die 5 for supporting the heat-insulation board 4 and the upper side die 7 for supporting the outer blade plate 6 can be correspondingly adjusted in position according to the sizes of components, so that the production of the components with different sizes can be realized, the materials are saved, the turnover efficiency of the die is improved, and the use cost of the die is reduced; the modularized die can save the time for transporting and assembling and disassembling the die, improve the production efficiency and save the time cost.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A mould for being beaten formula production of precast concrete sandwich heat preservation outer wall, including die block (1) and side form, its characterized in that, the side form includes from lower supreme lower side form (3) of connecting gradually in supporting concrete inner shear wallboard (2), well side form (5) of supporting heated board (4) and upper side form (7) of supporting outer leaf board (6), and lower side form (3) are fixed on die block (1).
2. The mould for the direct-beating production of the precast concrete sandwich thermal-insulation outer wall according to claim 1, wherein at least two steel bar through holes (8) are reserved on the contact surface of the lower side mould (3) and the inner shear wall plate (2) at intervals.
3. The mold for the open type production of a precast concrete sandwiched heat-insulating exterior wall according to claim 1, wherein at least two first stiffening ribs (9) are welded to the side of the lower mold (3).
4. The mold for the direct-beating production of the precast concrete sandwiched heat-insulating outer wall according to claim 1, wherein the lower mold (3) is fixed on the bottom mold (1) by a magnetic attraction device (10).
5. The mold for the direct hitting production of the precast concrete sandwiched heat-insulating outer wall according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the lower side mold (3) is provided with at least two tooth-shaped clamping grooves (11) which are distributed at intervals, the bottom surface of the middle side mold (5) is provided with a protruding branch (12) which is matched with the tooth-shaped clamping grooves (11), and the middle side mold (5) is arranged in the tooth-shaped clamping grooves (11) through the branch (12) and is fixedly connected with the lower side mold (3).
6. The mould for the direct-beating production of the precast concrete sandwich thermal-insulation outer wall according to claim 1, wherein at least two stiffening ribs (13) are distributed on the side surface of the upper side mould (7) at intervals.
7. The mould for the direct-beating production of the precast concrete sandwich thermal-insulation outer wall according to claim 1, wherein a transverse slideway is arranged on the middle side mould (5), and the upper side mould (7) is installed in the slideway.
8. The mold for the direct drive production of the precast concrete sandwiched heat-insulating outer wall according to claim 1, wherein the upper side mold (7) is fixed on the middle side mold (5) by bolts (14).
9. The use method of the mould for the direct drive production of the precast concrete filled thermal insulation exterior wall according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of,
when the formwork of the precast concrete sandwich thermal insulation external wall panel is positively beaten,
fixing a lower side die (3) of the concrete internal shear wallboard (2) on a bottom die (1);
binding reinforcing steel bars of the concrete inner shear wall plate (2);
carrying out concrete pouring operation on the shear wall plate (2) in the concrete;
a middle side die (5) of the heat insulation board is erected, and the middle side die (5) is fixed on the lower side die (3);
after the poured concrete is solidified, laying an insulation board;
an upper side die (7) of the outer blade plate is supported, and the upper side die (7) is fixed on the middle side die (5);
and binding the steel bars of the outer blade plate, and pouring concrete.
10. The method of using the mold for the direct drive production of a precast concrete filled thermal insulating exterior wall according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of,
when the formwork is dismantled, the formwork is dismantled reversely according to the sequence of the supporting formwork,
the upper side die (7) is detached from the middle side die (5);
the middle side die (5) is detached from the lower side die (3);
and (3) detaching the lower side die (3) from the bottom die (1).
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CN210947746U (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-07-07 | 江苏润特建筑科技有限公司 | Shear wall die for sealing embedded hole |
CN110757627A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-07 | 有利华建材(惠州)有限公司 | Prefabricated double-skin wall die |
CN211762319U (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-10-27 | 曙光装配式建筑科技(浙江)有限公司 | Prefabricated balcony pouring mold |
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