CN113063960A - Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor - Google Patents

Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113063960A
CN113063960A CN202110258613.5A CN202110258613A CN113063960A CN 113063960 A CN113063960 A CN 113063960A CN 202110258613 A CN202110258613 A CN 202110258613A CN 113063960 A CN113063960 A CN 113063960A
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wind
wind speed
sensor
microprocessor
thermal flow
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CN113063960B (en
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卢会国
王桂华
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Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute
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Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
    • G01P5/12—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables using variation of resistance of a heated conductor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/02—Rotary gyroscopes
    • G01C19/34—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes
    • G01C19/36—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes with north-seeking action by magnetic means, e.g. gyromagnetic compasses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
    • G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/0006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances
    • G01P13/006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances by using thermal variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • G01P13/025—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane indicating air data, i.e. flight variables of an aircraft, e.g. angle of attack, side slip, shear, yaw
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G01P21/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers
    • G01P21/025—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers for measuring speed of fluids; for measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of airflow monitoring, and particularly relates to an ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor. The ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor comprises a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power supply module and a wireless communication module; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power supply module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through the signal conditioning circuit. The invention adopts a plurality of flow sensors and adds a three-dimensional gyroscope, can acquire the position and the position of the buoy, realizes automatic correction of wind direction, has low cost, small volume and quick response, can simultaneously calculate the wind speed and direction values, and reduces the influence of environmental obstacles on the work of the sensors.

Description

Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of airflow monitoring, and particularly relates to an ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor.
Background
Wind is used to indicate the magnitude and direction of horizontal air flow and is one of the basic meteorological elements. Measurements of ground wind typically include measurements of wind speed and wind direction. Wind is a vector, including magnitude and direction, with wind magnitude being represented by wind speed and wind direction being represented by wind direction.
The currently used wind speed and wind direction measuring instruments in China mainly comprise cup type wind speed sensors and wind direction sensors, and the measurement of wind direction and wind speed depends on two independent sensors. The sensor has large volume, mechanical abrasion and certain starting wind speed, and can not observe small wind;
a wind sensor based on an ultrasonic principle is also available in the market, but the wind sensor is high in cost, difficult to maintain and susceptible to obstacles such as rain, snow, hail, frost, fog, sand and the like. And China does not have a metering standard aiming at the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor at present.
The sensor is mainly used for observing the wind transmitter used by aiming at a ground fixed point, the north is firstly found before installation, the north is not changed any more later, and the problems that the ocean moisture is easy to rot and the like are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ocean buoy wind monitoring sensor which is small in size, free of mechanical abrasion and capable of automatically revising wind direction.
The ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor provided by the invention adopts a wind speed and direction sensor formed by combining a plurality of flow sensors, and the three-dimensional gyroscope is added in the sensor, so that the azimuth and the position of the buoy can be obtained, the wind direction can be automatically corrected, the cost is low, the size is small, the response is fast, the wind speed and direction value can be simultaneously calculated, and the influence of environmental obstacles on the work of the sensor is reduced.
The invention provides an ocean buoy monitoring wind measurement sensor which comprises a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power supply module and a wireless communication module, wherein the thermal flow sensor is connected with the three-dimensional gyroscope; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power supply module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through the signal conditioning circuit. Wherein:
the thermal Flow sensor mainly uses Flow Sens FS5 as a sensing element (commercially available), and the Flow Sens FS5 comprises two platinum resistors with resistance values depending on different temperatures, which are packaged on a chip device. A low ohmic resistor with a small area is used as the heater, while its high ohmic resistor is used to measure the reference temperature. With a bridge circuit, the different resistance values of the two resistive elements result in different heating. Heating is dependent on the value of the applied voltage, and if self-heating is maintained continuously by a suitable controller, the higher the gas flow rate, the higher the voltage, and therefore the principle used to measure the gas flow rate. The sensor has a fast heating and cooling response time due to its relatively small thermal mass flow meter. The measurement principle of the sensor can be from 0-0.1 m/s to 100 m/s. The geometry model is shown in figure 2.
The thermal flow sensor collects wind speed signals by a sensing element FS5, because air flows and heat is taken away, the resistance values of RH and RS integrated in FS5 are changed, the collected voltage value is also changed, and the signals are amplified by a signal amplifying circuit.
The thermal type flow sensor can be set to 4, and is symmetrically arranged at four positions of the upper, lower, left and right of the system mainboard, as shown in fig. 3, and is numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4 in sequence in the clockwise direction.
Because the monitoring system needs to measure the wind direction in the moving process, the angle of the wind direction usually takes the north of the geomagnetic field as the reference, and the geomagnetic field deflection angles of different places are different, when the wind direction is measured in the moving process, the geomagnetic field deflection angle value needs to be measured to correct the wind direction data of the monitoring system to obtain the real wind direction data.
The three-dimensional gyroscope is also called as a geomagnetic field deflection angle sensor, and a three-axis magneto-resistive sensor HMC5883L is adopted to measure the geomagnetic field deflection angle so as to correct the wind direction value measured in the moving process. The HMC5883L is a surface-mounted high-integration module, which comprises a high-resolution magnetoresistive sensor, a signal amplification circuit and an offset calibration circuit, so that the measuring accuracy of the geomagnetic field deflection angle can reach 1-2 degrees. The sensor has the working principle that three vector component values of the geomagnetic field are measured, and the azimuth value with the geomagnetic field north as the reference is converted through coordinate transformation. HMC5883L module by simple I2And C, communicating with the microprocessor to obtain the azimuth angle of the geomagnetic field.
The signal conditioning circuit is used for acquiring a wind speed value, mainly converting a resistance signal of the thermal flow sensor into a voltage signal, and acquiring the voltage signal through an AD conversion unit of the microprocessor. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4, and belongs to a conventional circuit;
the microprocessor is a system core module and comprises: minimal system, real time clock, SD card data storage, etc. According to the basic principle of system design and application requirements, the STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor based on ARM Cortex-M3 architecture is adopted as a system core processing unit. A system block diagram is shown in fig. 6.
The microprocessor is a control center of the system and is responsible for supplying power to all the modules of the system, realizing the functions of information interaction, data processing, data storage and transmission and the like between the modules of the system, and simultaneously, the embedded software system runs on the modules.
The wireless communication module is a Beidou communication module based on short messages and is mainly used for data transmission. The invention selects a CQJZ-C-BD002 type Beidou data transmission user machine which is a satellite positioning and communication terminal module, integrates the functions of BDS communication, BDS/GPS positioning and the like based on a Beidou (also called as BDS) system independently developed in China and a GPS system, can realize the functions of satellite positioning, communication, position reporting and the like, and has the external structure of a Beidou communication module shown in figure 1.
The specific process of measuring the wind speed and the wind direction of the ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, acquiring voltage values V1, V2, V3 and V4 of four thermal type flow sensors, and calculating corresponding wind speed values WS1, WS2, WS3 and WS 4; sorting the wind speed values, and selecting two maximum wind speed values to synthesize the wind speed; here, assuming WS1 is the maximum wind speed and WS2 is the second largest wind speed, the wind speed is synthesized by:
Figure BDA0002968619820000031
(2) calculating an included angle between the incoming direction of wind and the sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002968619820000032
according to the sensor layout, the wind direction value WD is:
WD is ws1 code value ± α, (3)
Description of the drawings: according to the layout of the four-way thermal flow sensor, the number is 1, 2, 3 and 4 in sequence, the maximum wind speed (wsl) code value is that the number 1 is 0 degree, the number 2 is 90 degrees, the number 3 is 180 degrees, and the number 4 is 270 degrees; the second wind speed is reduced (namely minus sign is taken) on the left side of the maximum wind speed (the maximum wind speed code is larger than the second wind speed code, except No. 1), and the second wind speed is increased (namely plus sign is taken) on the right side of the maximum wind (the maximum wind speed code is smaller than the second wind speed code, except No. 4); for example, the maximum wind is No. 2, the second maximum wind is No. 1, and the wind direction value WD is 90- α, and if the maximum wind speed is No. 2, the second maximum wind speed is No. 3, and the wind direction value WD is 90+ α; if the calculated wind direction result is less than 0 degree, adding 360 degrees;
(3) as a result of the above calculation, assuming that the assumption of north orientation 1, east orientation 2, south orientation 3, and west orientation 4 cannot be made in the ocean buoy monitoring, the correction is performed by using the angle (β) of the three-dimensional gyroscope from north, and the corrected wind direction values are:
WD′＝WD-β， (4)
description of the drawings: if the corrected wind direction result is less than 0 degree, adding 360 degrees;
(4) the calculated wind speed and wind direction correction result can be directly connected with a computer or a wireless communication module for communication through a serial communication port, and a wind speed and wind direction measurement result is output.
The above steps are completed by the embedded software of the microprocessor.
The ocean buoy wind sensor designed by the invention has the following advantages.
Firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the volume is small, the thermal flow sensor is small, only one thousandth of the conventional wind transmitter (the sensing area of the conventional wind sensor is larger than 100 square centimeters, and the sensing area of the thermal flow sensor is less than 0.1 square centimeter), and the multi-path wind speed is synthesized into the thermal resistance wind direction and speed sensor. The invention adopts 4 thermal flow sensors to measure the wind speeds in different directions and then synthesizes the wind speeds and the wind directions, which is the first creation of the invention.
Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the sensor is designed to attach four thermal type flow sensors to a cylindrical structure in four directions to measure wind from different directions, and no rotating part causes no abrasion problem.
Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the wind direction can be automatically revised, all wind in the market at present adopts to find the north before installation, and if the north-pointing mark of the wind sensor does not indicate the north, the measurement result is wrong, namely the premise that the wind direction north-pointing mark is correct when the measurement is correct every time. However, the buoy cannot guarantee that the north-seeking identification does not change before each measurement, and therefore the wind direction measurement can only be corrected by measuring the pointing angle of the buoy each time through other instruments. The design directly integrates the three-dimensional gyroscope into the sensor, and the problem that the three-dimensional gyroscope needs to be corrected again is solved.
Fourthly: the sensor is not easy to adhere pollutants and can be corrosion-resistant, the sensing part of the wind sensor is continuously higher than the ambient temperature by 50 ℃, water vapor cannot condense on the sensing part, and the pollutants cannot adhere to the sensing part, so that the sensor can be in a dry and clean state for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a marine buoy wind sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of Flow Sens FS 5.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a layout structure of a four-way thermal flow sensor.
Fig. 4 is a wind speed acquisition circuit.
FIG. 5 is a graph of voltage values at different wind directions at a wind speed of 10 m.
FIG. 6 is a frame diagram of STM32F103ZET6 system.
Detailed Description
And further obtaining a wind speed and wind direction value through the air flow rate measured by the 4 thermal type flow sensors. The wind speed and wind direction values output by the sensor are directly connected with the wireless communication module through a serial communication (RS232 or 485) port and are sent to the upper computer for storage and display.
Thermal flow sensor element model selection
The working principle of the thermal flow sensor is that when dynamic fluid with lower temperature passes through an object, a heat transfer effect is generated. According to the law of conservation of energy, the thermal power consumed by the heating resistor is equal to the heat taken away by the gas, and the flow rate of the gas is in direct proportion to the heat taken away by the gas. By virtue of this characteristic, it is possible to measure the magnitude of the flow rate. The integrated hot film device not only has the characteristics of sensitive dynamic response, small structure and the like, but also has higher resolution.
Fig. 2 shows a thermal Flow sensor Flow Sens FS5 selected for use in the invention. It has the ability to convert the air flow signal to a voltage signal. The three pins in the figure are respectively an analog ground GND, a heater power supply pin Rh and a sampling pin Rs. Two platinum resistors sensitive to temperature are packaged in the air flow sensor, one platinum resistor is used for heating, the other platinum resistor is used for sampling the ambient temperature, a heating power supply pin is adopted during design to enable a heated temperature sensor to be higher than the ambient temperature by 50 ℃, the current required to be maintained is small when the air flow is small, and the heating current is increased when the air flow is large, and the measurement range is as follows: flow rate of 0-100 m/s.
Device modular design
As shown in fig. 2, one thermal flow sensor is attached to the outside of the circular tube every 90 degrees, and 1 azimuth wind direction disk is 0 degree (position 1), 90 degrees (position 2), 180 degrees (position 3), and 270 degrees (position 4), and 4 thermal flow sensors are installed (the angles here are defined by the wind direction angle, north is 0 degree, east is 90 degrees, south is 180 degrees, and west is 270 degrees).
The following description is made in terms of a structure and the working principle is as follows:
assuming that the airflow blows from the direction of 0 degrees (north wind), the three sensing devices 1, 2 and 4 can sense the airflow, and when the airflow blows from the direction of 45 degrees (northeast wind), the sensing devices 1 and 2 can sense the airflow, and the sensing devices 3 and 4 are on the leeward side. No matter which direction the wind comes from, at least 2 (at most 3) sensing periods are sensed. The heat capacity that the air current blows from different directions and takes away is different, can obtain the size and the direction of wind at that time according to the heating current that a plurality of induction elements kept the heat.
Data sampling and wind speed and direction calculation
Based on an STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor, 4 sets of Flow Sens FS5 (FS 5 for short) integrated hot film probes are used for combined measurement and calculation of wind speed and wind direction. The system designs a corresponding sampling circuit based on the thermal resistance sensor, and voltage signals output by FS5 are subjected to differential amplification and filtering through a signal conditioning circuit and then are sent to a 12-bit AD channel of a microprocessor for sampling. And after the STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor digitally filters the voltage signals, corresponding wind speed and wind direction are finally calculated according to a wind speed and wind direction algorithm.
The system selects a three-axis magneto-resistive sensor HMC5883L to measure the deflection angle of the geomagnetic field so as to correct the wind direction value measured in the moving process. The HMC5883L is a surface-mounted high-integration module, which comprises a high-resolution magnetoresistive sensor, a signal amplifying circuit and an offset calibration circuit, so that the measuring precision of the geomagnetic field deflection angle can reach 1 degree. The sensor works on the principle that three vector component values of the geomagnetic field are measured, and then the direction value with the geomagnetic field north as the reference is converted through coordinate transformation. The HMC5883L module can obtain the geomagnetic azimuth angle through the communication with the microprocessor in a simple I2C mode, has small volume and low cost, and is suitable for measuring the geomagnetic field angle of the mobile portable weather instrument.
A thermal wind speed sensor collects wind speed signals through a sensing element FS5, heat is taken away due to air flow, resistance values of RH and RS integrated in FS5 are changed, collected voltage values are also changed, the signals are amplified through a signal amplification circuit, a differential amplification circuit is selected in the design, voltage is output through an emitter of a triode BD237, voltage is filtered through a voltage-controlled voltage source type filter circuit, the amplitude of the voltage is stable, then the output voltage of the front section is divided through resistors R3 and R6 in a voltage division circuit, the output voltage of the front section is smaller than 3.3V, and then the wind speed signals are collected through an A/D channel of a microprocessor.
The hardware circuit used in the design has a low-pass filtering effect, and the FFT of 128 points is adopted for time-frequency conversion to convert data from a time domain to a frequency domain to test the effect of the specific filtering circuit. The system adopts four sensors, and in a sampling cycle, the system sequentially completes sampling and conversion of each sensor according to the clockwise direction of the arrangement of the sensors, and then performs sampling and conversion in the next cycle period according to the same conversion mode. The system runs continuously for 128 cycles as a one time system input. The one-time system sampling period is about 4.6 ms. The system takes 4.6ms to complete a sample.
According to repeated tests in the loop wind tunnel, different voltage values of the same inductor in different wind directions at the same wind speed are obtained. The test results at 10 meters wind speed at 0-360 degrees can be seen with sensor number 2 wind direction. When the wind direction is 10-170 degrees, the induction surface directly induces wind, the voltage value is obvious, and when the wind direction is 180 degrees, the leeward voltage value of the induction surface is smaller.
Table 1, 2 number sensor 10 m wind speed different wind direction voltage value table
Wind direction angle (degree) 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°
Voltage of 2.24 2.28 2.31 2.30 2.28 2.28 2.26 2.25 2.25 2.24
Wind direction angle (degree) 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Voltage of 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.30 2.31 2.27 2.25 2.17 2.16
Wind direction angle (degree) 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
Voltage of 2.16 2.16 2.19 2.17 2.20 2.20 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.19
Wind direction angle (degree) 300 310 320 330 340 350 360
Voltage of 2.19 2.19 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.18 2.24
。
The wind speed and direction measuring algorithm is realized by programming, and the real-time wind speed and direction value is finally and directly output by combining the three-dimensional gyroscope and the sensor during four induction periods.

Claims (2)

1. A marine buoy monitoring wind measurement sensor is characterized by comprising a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power supply module and a wireless communication module; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power supply module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through the signal conditioning circuit; wherein:
the thermal Flow sensor mainly takes Flow Sens FS5 as a sensing element, and the Flow Sens FS5 comprises two platinum resistors with resistance values depending on different temperatures, which are packaged on a chip device; the low-ohmic resistance of the smaller area is used as a heater, while its high-ohmic resistor is used to measure the reference temperature;
the number of the thermal flow sensors is 4, the thermal flow sensors are symmetrically arranged at four positions of the system mainboard, namely the upper position, the lower position, the left position and the right position, and the thermal flow sensors are sequentially numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the clockwise direction;
the three-dimensional gyroscope is also called as a geomagnetic field deflection angle sensor and is used for correcting a wind direction value measured in the moving process; the three-dimensional gyroscope is communicated with the microprocessor and can acquire the azimuth angle of the geomagnetic field;
the signal conditioning circuit is used for acquiring a wind speed value, mainly converting a resistance signal of the thermal flow sensor into a voltage signal and collecting the voltage signal through an AD (analog-to-digital) conversion unit of the microprocessor;
the microprocessor is a system core module and comprises: minimum system, real-time clock, SD card data storage; the microprocessor is responsible for supplying power to each module of the system, realizing the functions of information interaction, data processing, data storage and transmission and the like between the microprocessor and each module of the system, and simultaneously the embedded software system runs on the module;
the wireless communication module is a Beidou communication module based on short messages and is mainly used for data transmission.
2. The ocean buoy wind sensor for monitoring amount according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of measuring the wind speed and the wind direction is as follows:
(1) firstly, acquiring voltage values V1, V2, V3 and V4 of four thermal type flow sensors, and calculating corresponding wind speed values WS1, WS2, WS3 and WS 4; sorting the wind speed values, and selecting two maximum wind speed values to synthesize the wind speed; here, assuming WS1 is the maximum wind speed and WS2 is the second largest wind speed, the wind speed is synthesized by:
Figure FDA0002968619810000011
(2) calculating an included angle between the incoming direction of wind and the sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002968619810000012
according to the sensor layout, the wind direction value WD is:
WD is ws1 code value ± α, (3)
According to the layout of the four-way thermal flow sensor, the number is 1, 2, 3 and 4 in sequence, and the maximum wind speed code value is that the number 1 is 0, the number 2 is 90, the number 3 is 180 and the number 4 is 270; the second maximum wind speed is reduced on the left side of the maximum wind speed, and the maximum wind speed code is larger than the second maximum wind speed code except the No. 1 wind speed code; the second wind is added on the right side of the maximum wind, the maximum wind speed code is smaller than the second wind speed code, except No. 4; if the calculated wind direction result is less than 0 degree, adding 360 degrees;
(3) the result of the above calculation is that, assuming that the north direction 1, the east direction 2, the south direction 3 and the west direction 4 are correct, the three-dimensional gyroscope is corrected by using the angle (β) from the north, and the corrected wind direction values are:
WD′＝WD-β， (4)
if the corrected wind direction result is less than 0 degree, adding 360 degrees;
(4) and the calculated wind speed and wind direction correction result is directly connected with a computer or a wireless communication module through a serial communication port for communication, and a wind speed and wind direction measurement result is output.
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