RU104735U1 - SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPLEX FOR MEASURING POWER AND DIRECTION OF WIND - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A hardware-software complex for measuring wind power and direction in the absence of an organized air flow duct, comprising wind pressure sensors, a power unit and a measuring console located in the room, characterized in that it contains four wind pressure sensors, each of which is made in the form cylinder, while the sensors are located with an orientation to four cardinal points; a sensitive element of the sensor, made in the form of a flexible membrane, in the center of which is a neodymium magnet, located on the outer base of the cylinder; inside each sensor, directly behind the membrane, there is a printed circuit board equipped with a Hall element and an operational amplifier, and the measuring console is a personal computer equipped with a program for processing digitized data received from Hall sensors, which are then interpreted into the values of the measured physical quantity. ! 2. A hardware-software complex for measuring the power and direction of the wind in the absence of an organized gas duct of the air stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the amplifiers from each sensor and their supply circuit are output to the junction box and connected to the power supply and an analog-to-digital converter via cable .

Description

The utility model relates to instrument engineering, namely, to measuring equipment, and can be used for meteorological observations on moving and stationary objects to study seasonal and other features of wind air flows in the surface layer of the atmosphere, in ecology - to monitor the conditions of transport and dispersion of aerosols, agrometeorology - an applied meteorological discipline that studies atmospheric conditions that are important for agriculture, in their mutual connection with objects and processes of agriculture or in general agricultural production.

Known designs for measuring the speed and pressure of gas flows, based on the gauge principle, for example, the Pitot tube - a device for measuring the dynamic pressure of a flowing liquid (suspension) or gas, used to determine the relative speed and volumetric flow rate in ducts and ventilation systems complete with differential manometers. To measure the flow velocity, there are a large number of modifications of the Pitot - Prandtl tube (Brabe, Losievsky, Preston tubes, etc.). In addition, the flow rate is measured by a venturi. The direction of flow is measured by cylindrical and spherical nozzles, combinations of three angled pitot tubes, etc., the readings of which are very sensitive to the direction of flow (Physical measurements in gas dynamics and during combustion, trans. From English, p. 1-2 , M., 1957; Gorlin S.M., Slezinger I.I., Aeromechanical measurements, M., 1964; Popov S.G., Measurement of air flows, M. - L., 1947).

Known devices based on measuring the amount of cooling of a heated body under the influence of wind (hot-wire anemometer). (KR 20090129987 (A), publ. 2009-12-17)

However, the practical application of such devices at low flow rates encounters a number of difficulties associated with calibration and measurement of very small absolute pressures, which limits the use of air for turbulent quantification.

Among the known devices for measuring such wind parameters as direction, pressure and speed, the most widely used are anemometers with receiving parts in the form of turntables (cup anemometer, mill anemometer), which rotate at a higher or lower speed depending on the wind pressure applied to them and are built on the principle of converting wind speed to voltage. The measurement of air flow rate is carried out by a three-blade turntable, which rotates the rotor of the wind speed sensor, which converts wind speed to voltage. From the sensor output, an alternating voltage, the frequency of which is proportional to the wind speed, is supplied to the measuring device and the automatic signal processing circuit (RF patent for utility model No. 53024, RF patent for invention No. 2210096, ES 2342953).

The disadvantage is the presence of moving mechanical parts, which is the cause of inertia, i.e. decrease in the reliability of the obtained values and a high degree of error. Therefore, such devices cannot be used to study the characteristics of the wind at low speeds of the flow of air masses.

The closest adopted for the prototype is an anemorumbometer, consisting of wind speed and direction sensors, measuring console and power supply. Sensors and primary converters of speed and direction are concentrated in the sensor. The principle of operation of the anemorumbometer is based on the conversion of the measured characteristics of wind speed and direction into electrical quantities that are transmitted via a connecting cable to the corresponding nodes of the measuring console. As a sensitive element, a four-blade propeller with a horizontal axis of rotation is used. A sensitive element for the direction of the wind is a flygun made in the form of a volumetric streamlined body of the device on which a propeller is mounted. The measurement of the average wind speed is based on the determination of the number of revolutions of the rotor of the screw rotated by the air flow in 10 minutes. The number of revolutions of the screw, reduced by a mechanical gearbox to fractions of a full revolution, can be counted on the scale of the index, graduated in m / s. The determination of the instantaneous wind speed is based on measuring the voltage of the electric current that is induced in the generator; the rotation of the screw of the sensor is transmitted to the rotor of the generator so that the speed of the rotor at each moment of time is equal to the speed of rotation of the screw. The measurement of wind direction is based on the remote transmission of the position of the fly with the help of a special device. The blocks of sensors of the anemorumbometer are installed on the meteorological site, on a mast 10-12 m high and are oriented in the direction of the geographical meridian. Measuring consoles and recorders are placed in the station building. (METEOROLOGICAL DICTIONARY, http://www.pogoda.ru.net/dictionary1.htm)

The disadvantage is the presence of moving mechanical parts, which is the cause of inertia and a decrease in the reliability of the obtained values, a high degree of error. Therefore, the prototype cannot be used to study the characteristics of the wind at low speeds of the flow of air masses in the absence of an organized gas duct of the air stream, accompanied by gusts of wind.

In addition, when solving the problems of analysis and prediction of atmospheric air pollution by aerosols, it is important not only to take into account changes in the direction and speed of the wind, but also the ability to measure the energy of horizontal wind gusts.

The objective of the utility model is to create a device for accounting for changes in the direction and speed of the wind, as well as measuring the energy of horizontal gusts of wind.

The technical result - the ability to determine the characteristics of gusts of atmospheric air at low flow velocities (less than 5 m / s), and the absence of an organized gas duct air flow, namely changes in the direction and speed of the wind, as well as measuring the energy of horizontal wind gusts at low speeds (less than 5 m /from). This will make it possible to obtain more accurate data for the analysis and prediction of the spread of atmospheric air pollution by aerosols caused by diffusion of harmful impurities in the atmosphere - the random movement of air with impurities in it, due to atmospheric turbulence.

The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed device, consisting of wind characteristics sensors equipped with sensing elements and primary transducers, a power supply, a connecting cable and a measuring console located in the room, the following changes were made:

- the device contains 4 wind pressure sensors, which are made in a cylindrical shape and are located with orientation on 4 cardinal points;

- the sensor element is located on the outer base of the cylinder and is made in the form of a flexible membrane, in the center of which is a neodymium magnet;

- inside each sensor, directly behind the membrane, there is a printed circuit board equipped with a Hall element and an operational amplifier;

- the outputs of the amplifiers from each sensor and their supply circuit are displayed in a junction box and connected to the power supply and the analog-to-digital converter via a cable;

- the measuring console located in the room is a personal computer equipped with a program for processing digitized data received from Hall sensors, which are interpreted into the values of the variable part of the power of wind gusts.

The listed features are not identified from the prior art and, therefore, the proposed utility model meets the criterion of novelty.

The utility model is characterized by the images shown in the figures.

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a utility model.

Figure 2. Functional diagram of a utility model.

Figure 3. The graphical interface of the program measures the characteristics of wind gusts.

The proposed utility model consists of four sensors 1 located on the cardinal points, the outputs of which are connected to the input of the junction box 2. The output of the junction box 2 is connected via cable 3 to an analog-to-digital converter ADC 4 and a bipolar power source (not shown in the figures). The external base 5 of the sensor 1, made in the form of a cylinder, is closed by a flexible membrane 6, in the center of which there is a neodymium magnet 7. Inside each sensor 1, directly behind the membrane 6, there is a printed circuit board 8 equipped with a Hall element 9 and operational amplifier 10. The ADC 4 is installed in the expansion slot of the personal computer 11 and has its own port address through which the program receives digitized data.

The device operates as follows.

Before starting work, the device is calibrated using a set of weights for a laboratory balance, the obtained voltage values are recorded in a calibration file.

Install the device at the required height. Under the influence of wind gusts due to turbulence of air flows, the flexible membrane 6 of the sensor 1 reacts to the slightest change in air pressure, which leads to fluctuations in the neodymium magnet 7 and a change in the magnetic field. Hall sensor 9 generates an EMF proportional to the relative position of the magnet. The signals from the Hall sensors 9 along the 4 rhubs are amplified by means of an operational amplifier 10, which can be used as a chip K544UD2, which is a differential operational high-speed amplifiers with field effect transistors at the input and low noise level. Then, the amplified signals from the outputs of the sensor 1 from the operational amplifiers 10 are output to the junction box 2 and transmitted via cable 3 to the ADC 4. The program installed in the personal computer 11 reads data from the analog inputs of the ADC 4 with a given resolution (10-1000 ms). The read data is written in a queue (frames) of 100 measurements per frame. According to the stresses in the frame, the program calculates, according to the obtained empirical characteristics, the corresponding sequences of the wind pressure force and the movement of the membranes 6. The sequences of the values of the mechanical work for each of the points are calculated. Next, the tabular functions of the work are detected (by numerically taking the derivative) and the constant component is excluded. A certain integral is calculated from the tabular function of the detected value of the work, for each of the points. The boundaries of integration are the boundaries of the sequence (100 measurements). At the same time, the wind direction is calculated by signals from sensors 1 using the geometric sum of the voltage vectors, determining the angle between the north direction and the resulting voltage vector. Next, the program summarizes the calculated values of certain integrals of the detected value of the work for all the rumbas and saves the obtained value. For example, figure 3 presents a graph of the "operation of the variable component of the wind" and the graph of "wind direction". The calculated value of the variable process power is written to the log file.

Thus, the claimed utility model solves the problem of measuring changes in wind direction and speed, as well as the energy of horizontal gusts of wind at low speeds (less than 5 m / s) and the absence of an organized air duct.

Claims (2)

1. A hardware-software complex for measuring wind power and direction in the absence of an organized air flow duct, comprising wind pressure sensors, a power unit and a measuring console located in the room, characterized in that it contains four wind pressure sensors, each of which is made in the form cylinder, while the sensors are located with an orientation to four cardinal points; a sensitive element of the sensor, made in the form of a flexible membrane, in the center of which is a neodymium magnet, located on the outer base of the cylinder; inside each sensor, directly behind the membrane, there is a printed circuit board equipped with a Hall element and an operational amplifier, and the measuring console is a personal computer equipped with a program for processing digitized data received from Hall sensors, which are then interpreted into the values of the measured physical quantity. 2. The hardware-software complex for measuring the power and direction of the wind in the absence of an organized gas duct of the air stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the amplifiers from each sensor and their supply circuit are displayed in a junction box and connected to a power supply unit and an analog-to-digital converter by cable.