CN113063960B - Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor - Google Patents

Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113063960B
CN113063960B CN202110258613.5A CN202110258613A CN113063960B CN 113063960 B CN113063960 B CN 113063960B CN 202110258613 A CN202110258613 A CN 202110258613A CN 113063960 B CN113063960 B CN 113063960B
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wind speed
wind
sensor
microprocessor
thermal flow
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CN113063960A (en
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卢会国
王桂华
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Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute
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Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
    • G01P5/12—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables using variation of resistance of a heated conductor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/02—Rotary gyroscopes
    • G01C19/34—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes
    • G01C19/36—Rotary gyroscopes for indicating a direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. directional gyroscopes with north-seeking action by magnetic means, e.g. gyromagnetic compasses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
    • G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/0006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances
    • G01P13/006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances by using thermal variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • G01P13/025—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane indicating air data, i.e. flight variables of an aircraft, e.g. angle of attack, side slip, shear, yaw
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G01P21/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers
    • G01P21/025—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers for measuring speed of fluids; for measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of airflow monitoring, and particularly relates to a marine buoy monitoring wind sensor. The ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor comprises a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power module and a wireless communication module; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through a signal conditioning circuit. The invention adopts a plurality of flow sensors and adds the three-dimensional gyroscope, thus the azimuth and the position of the buoy can be obtained, the wind direction can be automatically corrected, the cost is low, the volume is small, the response is quick, the wind speed and the wind direction value can be calculated at the same time, and the influence of environmental barriers on the operation of the sensors is reduced.

Description

Ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of airflow monitoring, and particularly relates to a marine buoy monitoring wind sensor.
Background
Wind is used to represent the magnitude and direction of the horizontal flow of air and is one of the basic meteorological elements. The measurement of ground wind typically includes measurement of wind speed and wind direction. Wind is a vector, including magnitude and direction, the magnitude of wind being expressed in terms of wind speed and the direction of wind being expressed in terms of wind direction.
The wind speed and direction measuring instrument currently used in China mainly comprises a cup-type wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor, and the wind direction and wind speed are measured by two independent sensors. The sensor has large volume, mechanical abrasion and certain starting wind speed, and can not observe smaller wind;
there is also a kind of wind sensor based on ultrasonic principle in the market, but its cost is high, and it is difficult to maintain, easily influenced by obstacles such as rain, snow, hail, frost, fog, dust and the like. And at present, the metering standard for the ultrasonic anemometry sensor is not available in China.
The sensor is mainly aimed at a wind sensor used for observing a ground fixed point, is first used for finding north before being installed, is not changed after being installed, and does not consider the problems of easy decomposition due to ocean dampness and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a marine buoy monitoring wind sensor which is small in size, free of mechanical abrasion and capable of automatically revising wind direction.
According to the ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor provided by the invention, the wind speed and direction sensor formed by a plurality of flow sensors is adopted, and the three-dimensional gyroscope is added in the sensor, so that the azimuth and the position of the buoy can be obtained, the automatic wind direction correction is realized, the cost is low, the volume is small, the response is quick, the wind speed and direction value can be calculated at the same time, and the influence of environmental barriers on the operation of the sensor is reduced.
The invention provides a marine buoy monitoring wind sensor, which comprises a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power module and a wireless communication module, wherein the thermal flow sensor is connected with the three-dimensional gyroscope; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through a signal conditioning circuit. Wherein:
the thermal Flow sensor mainly uses Flow Sens FS5 as a sensing element (commercially available), wherein the Flow Sens FS5 comprises two platinum resistors with resistance values depending on different temperatures, and the platinum resistors are packaged on a chip device. A low ohmic resistor having a small area is used as the heater, and a high ohmic resistor thereof is used for measuring the reference temperature. Using a bridge circuit, different resistance values of the two resistive elements result in different heating. Heating is dependent on the applied voltage value, and if self-heating is maintained continuously by a suitable controller, the higher gas flow increases the voltage, thus measuring the gas flow using its principle. Because of its relatively small thermal mass flow meter, the sensor has a fast heating and cooling reaction time. The measuring principle of the sensor can be from 0 to 0.1 m/s to 100 m/s. The geometric model is shown in fig. 2.
The thermal flow sensor is characterized in that a sensing element FS5 is used for collecting a wind speed signal, the resistance value of RH and RS integrated in the FS5 is changed due to the fact that air flows and heat is taken away, the collected voltage value is changed, and then the signal is amplified through a signal amplifying circuit.
The thermal flow sensor can be provided with 4 thermal flow sensors which are symmetrically arranged at the upper, lower, left and right directions of a system main board, and are numbered 1,2, 3 and 4 in sequence in a clockwise direction as shown in fig. 3.
Because the monitoring system needs to measure the wind direction in the moving process, the angle of the wind direction is usually based on the north of the geomagnetic field, and the deflection angles of the geomagnetic fields in all places are different, when the wind direction is measured in the moving process, the deflection angle value of the geomagnetic field needs to be measured to correct the wind direction data of the monitoring system to obtain real wind direction data.
The three-dimensional gyroscope is also called a geomagnetic field deflection angle sensor, and the three-dimensional gyroscope adopts a three-axis magneto-resistive sensor HMC588And 3L, measuring the geomagnetic field deflection angle to correct the wind direction value measured in the moving process. HMC5883L is a high-integration module of surface mounting, and comprises a high-resolution magneto-resistance sensor, a signal amplifying circuit and a deviation calibration circuit, so that the accuracy of measuring the geomagnetic field deflection angle can reach 1-2 degrees. The working principle of the sensor is that three vector component values of the geomagnetic field are measured, and then the azimuth value under the condition that the north of the geomagnetic field is used as a reference is converted through coordinate transformation. HMC5883L Module passes through simple I 2 And C, communicating with the microprocessor to obtain the geomagnetic azimuth angle.
The signal conditioning circuit is used for acquiring a wind speed value, mainly changing a resistance signal of the thermal flow sensor into a voltage signal and acquiring the voltage signal through an AD conversion unit of the micro-processor. The schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4, and belongs to a conventional circuit;
the microprocessor is a system core module, and comprises: minimum system, real time clock, SD card data storage, etc. According to the basic principle and application requirements of system design, the invention adopts an STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor based on ARM Cortex-M3 architecture as a system core processing unit. A system frame diagram is shown in fig. 6.
The microprocessor is a control center of the system and is responsible for supplying power to each module of the system, realizing the functions of information interaction, data processing, data storage transmission and the like between each module of the system, and meanwhile, the embedded software system runs on the module.
The wireless communication module is a Beidou communication module based on short messages and is mainly used for data transmission. The invention selects CQJZ-C-BD002 type Beidou data transmission user machine, which is a satellite positioning and communication terminal module, integrates BDS communication, BDS/GPS positioning and other functions based on a Beidou (also called BDS) system which is independently developed in China and is compatible with a GPS system, and can realize the functions of satellite positioning, communication, position reporting and the like, and the external structure of the Beidou data transmission user machine is shown as a Beidou communication module shown in figure 1.
The invention relates to a ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor, which comprises the following specific processes of:
(1) Firstly, voltage values V1, V2, V3 and V4 of four thermal flow sensors are obtained, and corresponding wind speed values WS1, WS2, WS3 and WS4 are calculated; sequencing the wind speed values, and selecting two maximum wind speed values to synthesize the wind speed; here, assuming that WS1 is the maximum wind speed, WS2 is the next highest wind speed, the wind speed synthesis formula is:
(2) And calculating an included angle between the incoming direction of wind and the sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the sensor map, the wind direction value WD is:
wd=ws1 code value±α, (3)
Description: according to the layout of the four-way thermal flow sensor, the serial numbers of the four-way thermal flow sensor are 1,2, 3 and 4, the maximum wind speed (wsl) code value is 0 degrees 1, 90 degrees 2, 180 degrees 3 and 270 degrees 4; the secondary maximum wind speed is subtracted (i.e. minus sign) at the left side of the maximum wind speed (the maximum wind speed code is larger than the secondary maximum wind speed code, except for the number 1), and the secondary maximum wind is added (i.e. plus sign) at the right side of the maximum wind (the maximum wind speed code is smaller than the secondary maximum wind speed code, except for the number 4); for example, the maximum wind is No. 2, the next-to-maximum wind is No. 1, the wind direction value wd=90- α, if the maximum wind speed is No. 2, the next-to-maximum wind speed is No. 3, the wind direction value wd=90+α; adding 360 degrees to the calculated wind direction result if the calculated wind direction result is smaller than 0 degrees;
(3) As a result of the above calculation, it is assumed that north No. 1, east No. 2, south No. 3, west No. 4 cannot be assumed in ocean buoy monitoring, and therefore, the angle (β) of the three-dimensional gyroscope for north is adopted for correction, and the corrected wind direction value is:
WD′＝WD-β， (4)
description: adding 360 degrees if the corrected wind direction result is smaller than 0 degrees;
(4) And (3) the calculated wind speed and the corrected wind direction result can be directly connected with a computer or a wireless communication module for communication through a serial communication port, and a wind speed and direction measurement result is output.
The above steps are completed by the embedded software of the microprocessor.
The ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor designed by the invention has the following advantages.
First: the thermal type flow sensor has small volume, and is only one thousandth of a conventional wind sensor (the sensing area of the conventional wind sensor is larger than 100 square centimeters and less than 0.1 square centimeter), and the wind direction and wind speed sensor is formed by synthesizing multi-path wind speeds. The invention adopts 4 thermal flow sensors to measure wind speeds in different directions and then synthesizes the wind speeds and the wind directions, which is the first creation of the invention.
Second,: the sensor is designed to attach four thermal flow sensors to a cylindrical structure in four directions, and measure wind from different directions without rotating parts, so that the sensor has no abrasion problem.
Third,: the wind direction can be automatically revised, all the wind in the market at present adopts to find the north before installation, and if the north indication mark of the wind sensor does not indicate the north, the measurement result is wrong, that is, the premise of correct measurement is that the north indication mark of the wind direction is correct. However, the buoy cannot ensure that the north-pointing mark does not change before each measurement, so that the wind direction measurement can be corrected only by measuring the pointing angle of the buoy each time through other instruments and equipment. The three-dimensional gyroscope is directly integrated into the sensor, so that the problem of need of revising is solved.
Fourth,: the air sensor is not easy to adhere to pollutants, can prevent corrosion, the sensing part of the air sensor is continuously higher than the ambient temperature by 50 ℃, water vapor cannot be condensed on the air sensor, and the pollutants cannot adhere, so that the long-term drying and clean state of the sensor can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a marine buoy monitoring wind sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of Flow Sens FS5.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a four-way thermal flow sensor layout structure.
FIG. 4 is a wind speed acquisition circuit.
FIG. 5 is a graph of voltage values for different wind directions for a 10 meter wind speed.
Fig. 6 is a framework diagram of the STM32F103ZET6 system.
Detailed Description
The wind speed and direction value is further obtained through the air flow velocity measured by the 4 thermal flow sensors. The wind speed and direction value output by the sensor is directly connected with the wireless communication module through a serial communication (RS 232 or 485) port and is sent to an upper computer for storage and display.
Thermal flow sensor element selection
The thermal flow sensor operates on the principle that a heat transfer effect occurs when a dynamic fluid at a relatively low temperature passes through an object. According to the law of conservation of energy, the heat power consumed by the heating resistor is equal to the heat taken away by the gas, and the flow rate of the gas and the heat taken away by the gas are in a proportional relationship. By virtue of this property, it can be used to measure the magnitude of the flow rate. The integrated thermal film device has the characteristics of sensitive dynamic response, small structure and the like, and has higher resolution.
The thermal Flow sensor Flow Sens FS5 selected for use in the invention is shown in fig. 2. It has the ability to convert an air flow signal into a voltage signal. The three pins in the figure are respectively an analog ground GND, a heater power supply pin Rh and a sampling pin Rs. The inside of the air flow meter is packaged with two platinum resistors sensitive to temperature, one is used for heating and the other is used for sampling the ambient temperature, the temperature sensor which is heated by adopting a heating power supply pin is higher than the ambient temperature by 50 ℃ during design, the current which needs to be maintained when the air flow is small is also small, otherwise, the current which is heated when the air flow rate is large is also increased, and the measuring range is as follows: 0-100m/s flow rate.
Modular design of equipment
As shown in fig. 2, one thermal flow sensor is attached to the outside of the circular pipe every 90 °,1 azimuth wind direction disc is 0 degree (position of 1), 90 degrees (position of 2), 180 degrees (position of 3), 270 degrees (position of 4), and 4 thermal flow sensors are mounted (here, the angle is defined by wind direction angle, north is 0 degree, east is 90 degrees, south is 180 degrees, and west is 270 degrees).
The following description of the working principle is made in terms of a structure:
assuming that the air flow is blown from the 0 degree direction (north wind), for all three sensing devices 1,2 and 4, when the air flow is blown from the 45 degree direction (north-east wind), 1 and 2 can be sensed, and 3 and 4 are on the lee surface. There are at least 2 (up to 3) sensing periods regardless of the direction from which the wind is coming. The air flow blows from different directions to carry away different heat capacities, and the magnitude and the direction of the current wind can be obtained according to the heating current of the heat maintained by the plurality of induction devices.
Data sampling and wind speed and direction calculation
Based on the STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor, 4 sets of Flow Sens FS5 (FS 5 for short) integrated thermal film probes were used for combined measurement and calculation of wind speed and wind direction. The system designs a corresponding sampling circuit based on the thermal resistance sensor, and sends a voltage signal output by the FS5 into a 12-bit AD channel of the microprocessor for sampling after differential amplification and filtering through a signal conditioning circuit. And after the STM32F103ZET6 microprocessor carries out digital filtering on the voltage signals, the corresponding wind speed and wind direction are finally calculated according to a wind speed and wind direction algorithm.
The system adopts a triaxial magneto-resistive sensor HMC5883L to measure the geomagnetic field deflection angle so as to correct the wind direction value measured in the moving process. HMC5883L is a surface mount highly integrated module, which includes a high-resolution magnetoresistive sensor, a signal amplifying circuit, and a bias calibration circuit, so that the accuracy of geomagnetic field deflection angle measurement can be 1 °. The working principle of the sensor is that three vector component values of the geomagnetic field are measured, and then the azimuth value under the condition that the north of the geomagnetic field is used as a reference is calculated through coordinate transformation. The HMC5883L module can acquire the geomagnetic field azimuth through simple I2C mode and microprocessor communication, is small in size and low in cost, and is suitable for measuring the geomagnetic field angle of the mobile portable weather instrument.
The thermal wind speed sensor is characterized in that a sensing element FS5 is used for collecting a wind speed signal, the resistance value of RH and RS integrated in the FS5 is changed due to the fact that air flows and heat is taken away, the collected voltage value is changed, signals are amplified through a signal amplifying circuit, a differential amplifying circuit is selected in the design, the voltage is output by an emitting stage of a triode BD237, the voltage is filtered by a voltage-controlled voltage source type filter circuit, the amplitude of the voltage is stable, then the output voltage of the front section is divided by resistors R3 and R6 in a voltage dividing circuit, the output voltage is smaller than 3.3V, and the output voltage is collected by an A/D channel of a microprocessor.
The hardware circuit used in the design has a low-pass filtering effect, and the effect of testing a specific filtering circuit by adopting 128-point FFT to perform time-frequency conversion to convert data from a time domain to a frequency domain. The test result shows that the direct current component is the maximum component of the sampling signal, other components can be basically ignored, the wind speed and the wind direction are calculated by extracting the direct current component input by the system, the system adopts four sensors, in one sampling cycle, the system sequentially completes the sampling and conversion of each sensor according to the clockwise direction of the sensor arrangement, and then the sampling and conversion in the next cycle are carried out according to the same conversion mode. The system was run continuously for 128 cycles as one system input. The once-system sampling period is about 4.6ms. The system takes 4.6ms to complete a sample.
According to repeated tests in the loop wind tunnel, the voltage values obtained by the same inductor under the same wind speed and different wind directions are obtained. The test results at 10 meters wind speed can be seen from the 0-360 degree wind direction of sensor No. 2. When the wind direction is 10-170 degrees, the induction surface directly inducts wind, the voltage value is obvious, and when the voltage value of the back wind of the induction surface is 180-360 degrees, the voltage value is smaller.
10 meter wind speed and different wind direction voltage value meter for No. 1 and No. 2 sensor
Wind direction angle (degree) 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90°
Voltage (V) 2.24 2.28 2.31 2.30 2.28 2.28 2.26 2.25 2.25 2.24
Wind direction angle (degree) 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Voltage (V) 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.30 2.31 2.27 2.25 2.17 2.16
Wind direction angle (degree) 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
Voltage (V) 2.16 2.16 2.19 2.17 2.20 2.20 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.19
Wind direction angle (degree) 300 310 320 330 340 350 360
Voltage (V) 2.19 2.19 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.18 2.24
。
The wind speed and direction measurement algorithm is realized through programming, and the three-dimensional gyroscope and the sensor are combined during four sensing periods to finally directly output real-time wind speed and direction values.

Claims (1)

1. The ocean buoy monitoring wind sensor is characterized by comprising a thermal flow sensor, a three-dimensional gyroscope, a signal conditioning circuit, a microprocessor, a power module and a wireless communication module; the microprocessor is electrically connected with the thermal flow sensor, the three-dimensional gyroscope, the power module and the wireless communication module; the thermal flow sensor is electrically connected with the microprocessor through the signal conditioning circuit; wherein:
the thermal Flow sensor mainly takes Flow Sens FS5 as an induction element, the Flow Sens FS5 comprises two platinum resistors with resistance values depending on different temperatures, and the platinum resistors are packaged on a chip device; a low ohmic resistance of a smaller area is used as the heater, while a high ohmic resistor thereof is used for measuring the reference temperature;
the thermal flow sensors are arranged in 4, are symmetrically arranged at the upper, lower, left and right directions of a system main board, and are numbered 1,2, 3 and 4 in sequence in a clockwise direction;
the three-dimensional gyroscope is also called a geomagnetic field deflection angle sensor and is used for correcting a wind direction value measured in the moving process; the three-dimensional gyroscope is communicated with the microprocessor, so that the geomagnetic field azimuth angle can be obtained; the HMC5883L is specifically adopted, and a high-integration module is attached to the surface of the HMC, wherein the HMC comprises a high-resolution magneto-resistance sensor, a signal amplifying circuit and a deviation calibration circuit, so that the geomagnetic field deflection angle measurement precision reaches 1 degree;
the signal conditioning circuit is used for acquiring a wind speed value, mainly changing a resistance signal of the thermal flow sensor into a voltage signal and acquiring the voltage signal through an AD conversion unit of the microprocessor;
the microprocessor is a system core module, and comprises: storing the minimum system, the real-time clock and the SD card data; the microprocessor is responsible for supplying power to each module of the system, realizing the functions of information interaction, data processing and data storage and transmission between the microprocessor and each module of the system, and simultaneously, the embedded software system runs on the system core module;
the wireless communication module is a Beidou communication module based on short messages and is mainly used for data transmission;
the specific flow of the ocean buoy monitoring quantity wind sensor for measuring wind speed and wind direction is as follows:
(1) Firstly, voltage values V1, V2, V3 and V4 of four thermal flow sensors are obtained, and corresponding wind speed values WS1, WS2, WS3 and WS4 are calculated; sequencing the wind speed values, and selecting two maximum wind speed values to synthesize the wind speed; here, assuming that WS1 is the maximum wind speed, WS2 is the next highest wind speed, the wind speed synthesis formula is:
(2) And calculating an included angle between the incoming direction of wind and the sensor, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
according to the sensor map, the wind direction value WD is:
wd=ws1 code value±α, (3)
According to the layout of the four-way thermal flow sensor, the serial numbers of the four-way thermal flow sensor are 1,2, 3 and 4, the maximum wind speed code value is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are respectively adopted; the second maximum wind speed is reduced at the left side of the maximum wind speed, and the maximum wind speed code is larger than the second maximum wind speed code except for the number 1; the second maximum wind is added at the right side of the maximum wind, and the maximum wind speed code is smaller than the second maximum wind speed code except for No. 4; if the calculated wind direction result is smaller than 0 degrees, 360 degrees are added;
(3) As a result of the above calculation, it is assumed that north No. 1, east No. 2, south No. 3, west No. 4 are corrected by using the angle (β) of the three-dimensional gyroscope to deviate from north, and the corrected wind direction value is:
WDWD-β，(4)
if the corrected wind direction result is smaller than 0 degrees, 360 degrees are added;
(4) And directly connecting the calculated wind speed and the calculated corrected wind direction result with a computer or a wireless communication module for communication through a serial communication port, and outputting a wind speed and direction measurement result.
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