CN113061020A - 陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和陶瓷材料 - Google Patents
陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和陶瓷材料 Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和一种陶瓷材料,陶瓷浆料包括以下质量份的组分:93.5份氧化铝、1.1~1.8份氧化硅、3.0~3.2份碳酸钙、1.2~1.7份高岭土、1~2份着色剂和11~12.5份白蜡,制备方法为:(1)将各组分加入球磨机中球磨,得到混合粉料;(2)在混合粉料中加入白蜡,混合均匀,即得陶瓷浆料。陶瓷材料由上述陶瓷浆料制备得到。本发明的陶瓷浆料可配合热压注成型工艺便利地得到结构复杂的陶瓷、显著降低生产成本,且制得的陶瓷材料绝缘能力强、强度高,耐高温、耐老化能力强,具有较强的灭弧能力,可大程度提高继电器等工件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷制备技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和一种陶瓷材料。
背景技术
氧化铝陶瓷材料作为先进陶瓷中运用最广泛的一种材料,它在航天、航空、电力、电子、机械、化工、石油、采矿和汽车等国民经济领域及国防军事领域的应用极为广泛,其具有优良的抗折强度和极高的抗拉强度的性能,在电动汽车领域具有较大的应用价值。
陶瓷材料在继电器中的应用越来越普遍,该领域对陶瓷材料的性能要求也日益提高,现有陶瓷材料的绝缘性能、灭弧能力、耐高温和耐老化性能难以适应现阶段市场的要求,而且由于继电器壳体的形状复杂多变,现有的陶瓷浆料和工艺成型困难,只能生产结构简单的陶瓷材料,难以满足现实的需求,因此新型的陶瓷浆料和陶瓷材料亟待研发。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种红色陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和一种红色陶瓷材料,用以解决目前红色陶瓷浆料成型困难、无法得到结构复杂的成品,且现有陶瓷材料绝缘、耐高温、耐老化、灭电弧性能不足的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种陶瓷浆料,包括以下质量份的组分:93.5份氧化铝、1.1~1.8份氧化硅、3.0~3.2份碳酸钙、1.2~1.7份高岭土、1~2份着色剂和11~12.5份白蜡。
上述技术方案的设计思路在于,本发明选择氧化硅、碳酸钙和高岭土作为烧结助剂,可有效降低含氧化铝的陶瓷浆料的烧结温度,同时通过添加白蜡增加浆料的整体粘度以及可塑性,使得陶瓷浆料可满足后续热压注成型工艺的需求,降低陶瓷浆料成型的难度。同时,本发明充分利用了各组分的物理性能,复配获得的陶瓷浆料在烧结成形后具有优良的绝缘性能、灭弧能力和较高的耐受温度以及耐老化性能。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述着色剂为氧化铬。选择氧化铬作为着色剂可使由陶瓷浆料制得的成品陶瓷具有醒目的颜色,便于区分,同时氧化铬对光、大气、高温及二氧化硫和硫化氢等腐蚀性气体具有极高的稳定性,可显著提升最终陶瓷成品的耐老化性能。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述氧化铝的原晶粒度为3.6~4.2μm。作为陶瓷浆料中的主要组分,氧化铝的原晶粒度影响最终产品性能,经发明人反复研究和多次试验后发现,使用该范围内氧化铝粉末可以获得密度、抗折强度、绝缘性和耐压性能均较佳的陶瓷成品。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述氧化铝的纯度为99.9%;所述氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的纯度为99.9%。陶瓷浆料中各组分的纯度会影响到产品性能的稳定性,经发明人反复研究和多次试验后发现,99.9%的氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬即可获得性能稳定的陶瓷产品,纯度进一步提高时,陶瓷成品性能稳定性上升不大,还会造成成本的大幅提高。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供一种权利要求上述陶瓷浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬加入球磨机中球磨一段时间,得到混合粉料;
(2)在所述混合粉料中加入白蜡,混合均匀,即得所述陶瓷浆料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,在进行步骤(1)的球磨操作之前,对所述氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬进行干燥,干燥温度为150℃。干燥可去除各组分中含有的水分,避免后续烧结出现问题。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(1)中所述球磨操作的时间为15~18h。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(1)中所述混合粉料的粒径为4~6μm。上述对球磨时间和混合粉料最终粒径的限定可保证各组分的分散效果,提升最终陶瓷成品性能的稳定性。
作为上述技术方案的优选,在步骤(2)加入白蜡之前,对所述混合粉料进行除铁操作。陶瓷浆料中的铁杂质会影响到陶瓷成品的白度、透明度,对浆料进行除铁可避免成品出现褐色或黑色斑点。
作为上述技术方案的优选,在步骤(2)加入白蜡混合均匀之后,将所述陶瓷浆料放置陈腐2~24h。放置陈腐可以挥发出浆料中的水份及部分添加物,提升后续压制成型的合格率。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供一种陶瓷材料,该陶瓷材料由上述陶瓷浆料或上述制备方法得到的陶瓷浆料制得。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述陶瓷材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述陶瓷浆料前处理后注射入压注机台的模具中,冷却脱模得到中间产品;
(2)对所述中间产品进行排蜡和高温烧结,即得到所述陶瓷材料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述前处理为对陶瓷浆料进行升温搅拌,升温温度为120℃。升温搅拌可除去浆料中的气泡,避免最终成品出现结构上的缺陷。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(1)中陶瓷浆料注射入压注机台时的温度为60℃。注射温度过高或过低都会影响坯件成型效果:若温度过高,则陶瓷成品易产生凹陷,若温度过低,则陶瓷成品易产生花纹。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明的陶瓷浆料利用了各组分的优良性能,可有效降低陶瓷成品的晶粒直径,提升器抗折强度和耐磨性,还可配合热压注成型工艺制备陶瓷产品,灵活调整模具形状,便利地得到结构复杂、异形的陶瓷成品,可显著降低生产难度和生产成本,适于继电器壳体等产品生产线的大规模使用;
(2)本发明的陶瓷浆料的制备方法工艺简单,无需复杂仪器和设备,原料易得,生产成本低,适于大规模产业化生产;
(3)本发明的陶瓷材料由本发明的陶瓷浆料制得,呈红色,便于区分,可有效解决环氧封装高压继电器壳体性能上的不足问题:其绝缘能力强、强度高,具有极高的绝缘等级,击穿强度≧18KV/mm;其耐高温、耐老化能力强,作为瓷密封灭弧室的材料时,电弧温度极高,中心可以达到5000℃;本发明的陶瓷材料还具有较强的灭弧能力,可大程度提高继电器等工件的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
本实施例的陶瓷浆料,包括以下质量份的组分:93.5份氧化铝、1.1份氧化硅、3.0份碳酸钙、1.2份高岭土、2份氧化铬和12.5份白蜡;其中,氧化铝的原晶粒度为3.7μm,氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的纯度均为99.9%。
本实施例的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的粉末在150℃下干燥后混合,加入干式球磨机中球磨15h,得到混合粉料;
(2)将混合粉料过电磁除铁机除铁后加入白蜡,混合均匀,并放置陈腐,得到陶瓷浆料。
本实施例的陶瓷材料,由本实施例的陶瓷浆料制得,具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将陶瓷浆料加入双筒搅拌机中,在上筒中升温至120℃搅拌除去气泡,搅拌一定时间后流入下筒,保持80℃进行搅拌待用;
(2)将陶瓷浆料在60℃下注射入压注机台的模具中,冷却脱模得到中间产品;
(3)对中间产品进行排蜡和高温烧结,得到呈红色的陶瓷材料;其中,排蜡工艺升温曲线为:常温~70℃,4H;70℃~120℃,10H;120℃~180℃,10H;180℃~240℃,10H;240℃~360℃,10H;360℃~500℃,5H;500℃~800℃,5H;800℃~1000℃,3H;自然冷却;烧结工艺升温曲线如表1所示:
表1.烧结工艺升温曲线
对本实施例获得的陶瓷材料进行测试,其结果如下表2所示:其击穿强度为18KV/mm,体积电阻率可达1013Ω·m,具有很高的绝缘能力和灭弧能力,作为瓷密封灭弧室的材料时,耐受的电弧温度极高,中心可以达到5000℃以上。
表2.实施例1的陶瓷材料性能测试结果
实施例2:
本实施例的陶瓷浆料,包括以下质量份的组分:93.5份氧化铝、1.8份氧化硅、3.2份碳酸钙、1.7份高岭土、1份氧化铬和11.5份白蜡;其中,氧化铝的原晶粒度为4.0μm,氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的纯度均为99.9%。
本实施例的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的粉末在150℃下干燥后混合,加入干式球磨机中球磨18h,得到混合粉料;
(2)将混合粉料过电磁除铁机除铁后加入白蜡,混合均匀,并放置陈腐,得到陶瓷浆料。
本实施例的陶瓷材料,由本实施例的陶瓷浆料制得,具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将陶瓷浆料加入双筒搅拌机中,在上筒中升温至120℃搅拌除去气泡,搅拌一定时间后流入下筒,保持80℃进行搅拌待用;
(2)将陶瓷浆料在60℃下注射入压注机台的模具中,冷却脱模得到中间产品;
(3)对中间产品进行排蜡和高温烧结,得到陶瓷材料,其中,排蜡工艺和烧结工艺的升温曲线均与实施例1一致。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术构思前提下所得到的改进和变换也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷浆料,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的组分:92~95份氧化铝、1.1~1.8份氧化硅、3.0~3.2份碳酸钙、1.2~1.7份高岭土、1~2份着色剂和11~12.5份白蜡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷浆料,其特征在于,所述氧化铝的原晶粒度为3.6~4.2μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷浆料,其特征在于,所述氧化铝的纯度为99.9%。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的陶瓷浆料,其特征在于,所述氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬的纯度为99.9%。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬加入球磨机中球磨一段时间,得到混合粉料;
(2)在所述混合粉料中加入白蜡,混合均匀,即得所述陶瓷浆料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,在进行步骤(1)的球磨操作之前,对所述氧化铝、氧化硅、碳酸钙、高岭土和氧化铬进行干燥,干燥温度为150℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述球磨操作的时间为15~18h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)加入白蜡之前,对所述混合粉料进行除铁操作。
9.一种陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷材料由权利要求1-4任一项所述的陶瓷浆料或权利要求5-8任一项所述的制备方法得到的陶瓷浆料制得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述陶瓷材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述陶瓷浆料前处理后注射入压注机台的模具中,冷却脱模得到中间产品;
(2)对所述中间产品进行排蜡和高温烧结,即得到所述陶瓷材料。
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