CN109305803A - 氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法 - Google Patents

氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109305803A
CN109305803A CN201811227265.XA CN201811227265A CN109305803A CN 109305803 A CN109305803 A CN 109305803A CN 201811227265 A CN201811227265 A CN 201811227265A CN 109305803 A CN109305803 A CN 109305803A
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crystal whisker
ceramic core
magnesia
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梁康硕
刘枫
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Shenyang Ming He Quartz Ware Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法,属于精密铸造‑陶瓷型芯技术领域。该氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;其中,氧化镁晶须的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的10‑30%;尖晶石粉末的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.2‑6%;氧化钇的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.1‑1%;粘结剂的加入质量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的8‑20%。将原料混合,压制,烧结得到的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其具有通过氧化镁晶须的复合,补强的陶瓷型芯具有优异的物理性能,可以提高产品的耐高温、抗冲击等性能。

Description

氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于精密铸造-陶瓷型芯技术领域,具体涉及一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法。
背景技术
航空发动机的发展源于持续不断的新材料、新技术的突破。为此,世界各国都开展了大推重比航空发动机的研究。为了提高发动机涡轮部件适应涡轮前进口温度不断提高的能力,必须增加涡轮空心叶片的承温能力。提高涡轮叶片的承温能力主要有两种方法,即增强高温合金的耐热能力及使用空心叶片的冷却技术。
空心叶片的冷却技术的发展,要求一种耐高温,抗冲击性能良好的陶瓷型芯。相对于目前使用较为广泛的使硅基和铝基陶瓷型芯,氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯具有与合金相近的热膨胀性,具有良好的匹配性,可用于超合金的非定向凝固、定向凝固及单晶铸造。
发明内容
针对现有生产技术存在的问题,为解决尺寸较薄的陶瓷型芯强度差,从而导致断芯,高温接触后变形量大及陶瓷制品软化等问题,并解决金属浇注过程中断芯导致的产品浪费问题。本发明提供了一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法,该氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯具有通过氧化镁晶须的复合,补强的陶瓷型芯具有优异的物理性能,可以提高产品的耐高温、抗冲击等性能。
本发明的一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
其中,氧化镁晶须的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的10-30%;
尖晶石粉末的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.2-6%;
氧化钇的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.1-1%;
粘结剂的加入质量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的8-20%。
所述的金属氧化物粉末为耐高温金属氧化物粉末,优选为氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钙中的一种或几种;所述的金属氧化物粉末的质量纯度≥99.3%,其中,杂质氧化铁的质量百分比含量<0.1wt.%;当金属氧化物粉末为氧化镁时,杂质氧化硅的质量百分比含量<0.2wt.%。
所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯中,金属氧化物粉末的粒度及各个粒度的质量占比分别为:100-200目,不包括200目的为5%-15%,200-230目为20%-45%,320-380目,不包括380目的为10%-25%,380-450目为35%-65%,余量为270~300目。
所述的氧化镁晶须的长径比≥10;优选为直径为1-10μm,长度为10-100μm。
所述的氧化镁晶须中,含有的氧化镁的质量百分数≥99.2%。
所述的尖晶石粉末为镁铝尖晶石粉末,粒度为800-1000目。
所述的尖晶石粉末也可采用粒度相同的氧化镁和氧化铝的混合物替代,其中,按质量比,氧化镁:氧化铝=1:1。
本发明的一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将固体原料混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,进行烧结,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
所述的步骤1中,所述的固体原料混合均匀,采用分段式混料方式,即将每种固体物料分为2~7份,即每次按总量的1/2-1/7的量进行添加。
所述的步骤2中,所述的烧结采用烧结炉进行烧结,作为优选,烧结炉为氧气氛围的梭式窑。
所述的步骤2中,所述的烧结,终烧温度为1350℃-1650℃。
所述的步骤2中,所述的烧结,烧结时间为52-90h。
所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法中,当金属氧化物粉体为氧化镁或氧化钙时,烧结后,需进行防潮湿处理。
所述的防潮湿处理的方法为:将制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯置于无毒干性油或有机树脂中,空气中干燥,无毒干性油或有机树脂在空气中氧化干燥形成固态膜的油类,从而对氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯起到防潮湿作用。
本发明的一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯及其制备方法,其特点及有益效果为:
本发明的陶瓷型芯加入了氧化镁晶须,氧化镁晶须是一种极细的纤维状单结晶体,粒度分布均匀,晶形好、分散效果好、表面光滑,具有良好的补强效果,可以提高制品抗压强度和抗冲击强度,同时可以在一定程度上降低烧结温度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的高温抗折强度的力值-时间曲线。
图2为本发明实施例二制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的高温抗折强度的力值-时间曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例一
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
采用质量纯度为99.3%的氧化镁粉末作为金属氧化物粉末,其中,氧化镁粉末中,含有的杂质氧化硅含量低于0.2%,杂质氧化铁含量低于0.1%,氧化镁粉末的粒度分为180目占质量比为5%,320目占质量比为15%,200目占质量比为25%;380目占质量比为55%。
氧化镁晶须的直径为2μm,平均长度为25μm,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的15%;
尖晶石粉末为镁铝尖晶石粉末,其粒度为850目,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的3%;
氧化钇的加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的0.2%;
粘结剂的加入量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的12%。
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将每种固体原料分为5份,然后每次按总质量的1/5份添加,全部混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料根据制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的形状进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,放入氧气氛围的梭式窑中,于1550℃进行烧结,保温60h后,进行防潮处理:
具体为:选用无毒干性油为陶瓷型芯防潮湿处理剂,进行浸渍处理,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
根据HB5353.3标准要求测试,将氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯试样于1540℃/10min条件下高温抗折强度可达25MPa以上,其力学-时间曲线见图1。
实施例二
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
采用质量纯度为99.9%的氧化铝粉末,作为金属氧化物粉末,其中,氧化铝粉末中,含有的杂质氧化铁含量低于0.1%,氧化铝粉末粒度及质量含量占比分别为180目占10%,320目占10%,200目占30%;270目占50%;
氧化镁晶须的直径为5μm,长径比大于10,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的20%;
尖晶石粉末为镁铝尖晶石粉末,其粒度为900目,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的0.5%;
氧化钇的加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的0.5%;
粘结剂的加入量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的15%。
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将每种固体原料分为7份,然后每次按总质量的1/7份添加,全部混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料根据制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的形状进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,放入氧气氛围的梭式窑中,于1450℃进行烧结,保温90h后,进行防潮处理:
具体为:选用环氧树脂为陶瓷型芯防潮湿处理剂,进行浸渍处理,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
根据HB5353.3标准要求测试,将氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯试样于1540℃/10min条件下高温抗折强度可达25MPa以上,其力学-时间曲线见图2。
实施例三
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
采用质量纯度为99.9%的氧化锆粉末,作为金属氧化物粉末,其中,氧化锆粉末中,含有的杂质氧化铁含量低于0.1%,氧化锆粉末粒度及质量含量占比分别为180目占15%,320目占25%,230目占45%;余量为380目;
氧化镁晶须的直径为10μm,平均长度为100μm,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的30%;
尖晶石粉末为镁铝尖晶石粉末,其粒度为1000目,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的1%;
氧化钇的加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的0.1%;
粘结剂的加入量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的20%。
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将每种固体原料分为7份,然后每次按总质量的1/7份添加,全部混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料根据制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的形状进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,放入氧气氛围的梭式窑中,于1650℃进行烧结,保温52h后,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
根据HB5353.3标准要求测试,将氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯试样于1540℃/10min条件下高温抗折强度可达26MPa以上。
实施例四
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
采用质量纯度为99.9%的氧化钙粉末,作为金属氧化物粉末,其中,氧化钙粉末中,含有的杂质氧化铁含量低于0.1%,氧化钙粉末粒度及质量含量占比分别为100目占5%,320目占20%,220目占20%;450目占55%;
氧化镁晶须的直径为2μm,长径比为12,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的10%;
尖晶石粉末为粒度相同的氧化镁和氧化铝的混合物粉末,按质量比,氧化镁:氧化铝=1:1,其粒度为800目,加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的0.2%;
氧化钇的加入量为金属氧化物粉末质量的1%;
粘结剂的加入量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的8%。
一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将每种固体原料分为4份,然后每次按总质量的1/4份添加,全部混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料根据制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的形状进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,放入氧气氛围的梭式窑中,于1350℃进行烧结,保温80h后,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
根据HB5353.3标准要求测试,将氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯试样于1540℃/10min条件下高温抗折强度可达25MPa以上。

Claims (10)

1.一种氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,该氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯包括的原料为:氧化镁晶须、金属氧化物粉末、尖晶石粉末、氧化钇和粘结剂;
其中,氧化镁晶须的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的10-30%;
尖晶石粉末的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.2-6%;
氧化钇的加入质量为金属氧化物粉末总质量的0.1-1%;
粘结剂的加入质量为氧化镁晶须+金属氧化物粉末+尖晶石粉末+氧化钇总质量的8-20%。
2.如权利要求1所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,所述的金属氧化物粉末为耐高温金属氧化物粉末,具体为氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钙中的一种或几种;所述的金属氧化物粉末的质量纯度≥99.3%,其中,杂质氧化铁的质量百分比含量<0.1wt.%;当金属氧化物粉末为氧化镁时,杂质氧化硅的质量百分比含量<0.2wt.%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯中,金属氧化物粉末的粒度及各个粒度的质量占比分别为:100-200目,不包括200目的为5%-15%,200-230目为20%-45%,320-380目,不包括380目的为10%-25%,380-450目为35%-65%,余量为270~300目。
4.如权利要求1所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,所述的氧化镁晶须的长径比≥10;直径为1-10μm,长度为10-100μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,所述的尖晶石粉末为镁铝尖晶石粉末,粒度为800-1000目。
6.如权利要求1所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯,其特征在于,所述的尖晶石粉末也可采用粒度相同的氧化镁和氧化铝的混合物替代,其中,按质量比,氧化镁:氧化铝=1:1。
7.权利要求1-2、4-6中任意一项所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
按照氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的原料配比称量原料,将固体原料混合均匀后,加入粘结剂混匀,得到混合物料;
步骤2:
将混合物料进行压制,得到型芯压制料坯,成型后,进行烧结,得到氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯。
8.如权利要求7所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中,所述的烧结采用氧气氛围的梭式窑烧结;所述的烧结,终烧温度为1350℃-1650℃;烧结时间为52-90h。
9.如权利要求7所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法中,当金属氧化物粉体为氧化镁或氧化钙时,烧结后,需进行防潮湿处理。
10.如权利要求9所述的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的防潮湿处理的方法为:将制备的氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯置于无毒干性油或有机树脂中,空气中干燥,无毒干性油或有机树脂在空气中氧化干燥形成固态膜的油类,从而对氧化镁晶须增强陶瓷型芯起到防潮湿作用。
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