CN113059117A - Rapid manufacturing method of metal part with complex shape - Google Patents
Rapid manufacturing method of metal part with complex shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059117A CN113059117A CN202110295096.9A CN202110295096A CN113059117A CN 113059117 A CN113059117 A CN 113059117A CN 202110295096 A CN202110295096 A CN 202110295096A CN 113059117 A CN113059117 A CN 113059117A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forming and manufacturing, and relates to a method for quickly manufacturing a metal part with a complex shape. Drawing a three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold, wherein the model consists of a casting mold cavity area, a casting mold inner wall, a casting mold filling forming area and the like, and processing the three-dimensional CAD model to obtain information such as a processing curve of tangential additive forming of a shell of the casting mold inner wall, the volume size and the position of each layer of the casting mold cavity (corresponding position of a casting), the volume size and the position of each layer of the casting mold filling area and the like. The casting mold inner wall shell is quickly prepared by a tangential additive forming method of the profile curved surface shell, and the casting mold is quickly prepared by quickly filling a heat insulation material into a casting mold filling area; in the process of preparing the casting mold, metal liquid with corresponding volume is injected according to the volume and the position information of the cavity of the casting mold, and the temperature of the bottom of the casting mold is adjusted through the temperature adjusting and controlling device, so that the mold filling and solidification quality of the metal liquid is guaranteed, and the rapid preparation of metal parts with complex shapes is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forming and manufacturing, and relates to a method for quickly manufacturing a metal part with a complex shape.
Background
The preparation of the metal parts with complex shapes is mainly realized by methods such as material reduction manufacturing, material equalization manufacturing, material increase manufacturing and the like. The material reduction manufacturing is mainly based on machining methods such as turning, milling, grinding and drilling, in the manufacturing process, the material is gradually reduced, the index requirements such as shape and size are gradually met, a machining cutter is tightly attached to the surface of the material, and a curved surface formed by the movement path of the machining surface of the cutter is a forming curved surface of the material. The machining precision is high, but the machining cycle is long, and if the shape and structure are too complicated, the machining is difficult. The equal-material manufacturing is mainly based on hot working methods such as casting, forging, powder metallurgy and the like, and the total amount of materials in the manufacturing process is basically kept unchanged and the shape is changed. The casting can realize any complex shape in principle, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, wide material selection and the like. But requires a mold for production, which generally needs to be prepared by a subtractive process. Additive manufacturing (also called 3D printing) generally divides a three-dimensional geometric entity with a complex shape into thin slices with simple outlines layer by layer based on the principle of 'layered slicing and layer-by-layer accumulation', the shape of the slice at the bottom layer is firstly manufactured, and then the slices are processed layer by layer from bottom to top and are overlapped and accumulated, so that the three-dimensional entity part with the complex shape can be manufactured. However, if the metal component is prepared by using the alloy, the problems of high cost, high performance control difficulty, contradiction between production efficiency and dimensional accuracy and the like exist.
In view of the foregoing, several common methods each have advantages and limitations in the preparation of metal parts. If the method can comprehensively utilize the advantages and the disadvantages, realize the preparation of the metal parts with high efficiency, high precision, high performance and low cost, and has good competitive advantages and development potentials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing forming and manufacturing technology, the invention provides a novel method for realizing the rapid preparation of a metal part with a complex shape. The casting mold inner wall shell is prepared by a tangential additive forming method of the outline curved surface shell, the casting mold heat insulation area is prepared by a method of quickly filling heat insulation materials, molten metal is injected in the casting mold preparation process, and the temperature of the bottom of the casting mold is adjusted by a temperature adjusting and controlling device so as to guarantee the mold filling and solidification quality of the molten metal.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a three-dimensional CAD model of a metal part product by using three-dimensional modeling software, and drawing a three-dimensional CAD model corresponding to a casting mold based on the metal part model, wherein the three-dimensional model of the casting mold consists of three parts: the method comprises the following steps of preparing a casting cavity area, a casting inner wall and a casting filling forming area, wherein the casting cavity area is an area which needs to be filled with molten metal in the subsequent steps and finally obtains a metal part, the casting inner wall is prepared by adopting a shell type tangential additive manufacturing method in the subsequent steps, and the casting filling area is prepared by a rapid filling method in the subsequent steps;
step 2: processing a three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold to obtain information such as a processing curve (the distance between processing curves in different layers can reach several millimeters) of tangential additive forming of a shell on the inner wall of the casting mold, the volume size and the position of each layer of a cavity (namely a casting corresponding area) of the casting mold, the volume size and the position of each layer of an area of a filling area of the casting mold and the like;
and step 3: a temperature regulating device with heating and cooling functions is arranged below the working plane of the workbench, and the temperature is regulated according to the process requirements in the processes of preparing a casting mold, filling the molten metal and solidifying;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the movement of each shaft of the multi-shaft forming device according to the processing curve information of the inner wall of the casting mold, extruding a shell forming material through an extrusion port and bonding the shell forming material with a previous layer of material, moving the extrusion port forwards and continuously extruding the shell bonding material, and gradually solidifying the shell material after forming so that the shell has certain strength until the forming of a layer of shell is completed;
and 5: according to the volume of each layer of the filling area of the casting mold, the area is quickly filled with the low-thermal-conductivity heat-insulating material with the corresponding volume, and the adhesive is sprayed for bonding and curing to form the casting mold with good heat-insulating effect;
step 6: the temperature regulating device is heated to ensure that the temperature is not reduced to be too low when molten metal is just injected into the cavity of the casting mold in the subsequent step, so that the casting defects of cold shut, supercooling, insufficient casting and the like are avoided;
and 7: injecting molten metal into a cavity of a casting mold, adjusting the injection position and flow of the molten metal according to the size of each layer of area corresponding to the cavity of the casting mold (namely a metal part forming area), preparing layer by layer from bottom to top along with the casting mold, and ascending the molten metal in the cavity of the casting mold;
and 8: after the metal liquid in the casting mold is filled to a certain volume, cooling the temperature regulating device, so that the metal liquid in the casting mold releases heat mainly through the temperature regulating device, and the temperature reduction, solidification and cooling of the metal liquid are realized;
repeating the steps 4-8 until the preparation of the whole casting mold and the casting is completed;
and step 9: and after the casting mold is prepared and the molten metal is completely solidified and cooled, boxing the casting mold, cleaning the casting, and performing necessary post-treatment such as finishing to obtain the target metal part.
Compared with the prior art, the novel method carries out molten metal filling when the additive manufacturing method is used for preparing the casting mold, realizes the rapid preparation of metal parts with complex shapes, gives full play to the advantages of different forming technologies, and has the advantages of high forming speed, high forming precision, wide material selection, high cost performance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 a casting mould inner wall shell, 2 a metal liquid injected into a casting mould cavity, 3 a metal liquid pouring pipe, 4 a casting mould inner wall shell printing head, 5 a casting mould filled with a heat insulation material, 6 a temperature regulating device, 7 a cooling water pipe and 8 a thermocouple.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are intended to illustrate and explain the present invention in more detail, and not to limit the scope of the claims of the present application.
The target product of the embodiment is a casting with a complex curved surface. The component preparation device is shown in fig. 2, and the forming mechanism of the device is mainly divided into a shell forming system, a granular material filling system, a molten metal injection system, a temperature regulation device and the like.
1. And drawing a three-dimensional CAD model of the metal part product by using three-dimensional modeling software, and drawing a three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold based on the metal part model. The three-dimensional model of the mold can be seen as consisting of three parts: the method comprises a casting mold cavity area, a casting mold inner wall and a casting mold filling area, wherein the casting mold cavity area is an area which needs to be filled with molten metal in a subsequent step and finally obtains a metal part, the casting mold inner wall is an area which adopts a shell type additive manufacturing method to prepare a shell in the subsequent step, and the casting mold filling area is an area which is prepared by filling materials such as particles in the subsequent step.
2. Processing the three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold to obtain each layer of processing curves of the inner wall of the three-dimensional CAD model, wherein the side surface of a processing tool is tangent to the curved surface of the inner wall of the casting mold, the profile surface formed by each layer of processing curves is consistent with the curved surface of the inner wall of the casting mold, the distance between the processing curves is 5mm, the layer height is more than 10 times of that of other common additive manufacturing methods, the information of each point of each processing curve comprises a point coordinate value, a processing direction and the like, and the processing curve is a motion path of a subsequent forming extrusion port.
And obtaining the corresponding volume size and position of each layer of the cavity of the casting mold (namely the corresponding area of the casting) and the information such as the volume size and position of each layer of the area of the filling area of the casting mold corresponding to each layer of the processing curve of the inner wall of the casting mold.
3. The temperature regulation and control device with heating and cooling functions is installed below the working plane of the workbench, the heating function is realized through the heating rods arranged at multiple points, and the cooling function is realized through the water cooling pipeline.
4. Adjusting the movement of each shaft of the shell forming device according to the processing curve information of the inner wall of the casting mold, so that the end part of the extrusion opening control sheet is contacted with the top of the upper layer of material; the shell forming material (in the example, pasty pottery clay is used) is extruded out through the extrusion port and is bonded with the previous layer of material, the extrusion port moves forwards and continuously extrudes the shell bonding material, and the shell material is gradually solidified after being formed, so that the shell has certain strength until the shell forming of one layer is completed.
5. According to the volume of each layer corresponding to the casting mold, the region is filled with the heat-insulating material particles with low heat conductivity in corresponding volume quantity, so that the heat conductivity of the casting mold is reduced, and the solidification speed of molten metal is slowed down. And spraying a binder to perform bonding and curing so as to enhance the strength of the casting mold.
6. The temperature regulating device is heated to raise the temperature, so that the temperature is not lowered to be too low when the molten metal is just injected into the cavity of the casting mold in the subsequent step, the mold filling and solidification quality of the molten metal is guaranteed, and the casting defects of cold shut, supercooling, insufficient pouring and the like are avoided.
7. The metal liquid to be poured is prepared in advance and transferred to a ladle. In order to avoid gas inclusion and liquid level stabilization, the pouring nozzle is submerged below the liquid level for certain distance for mold filling, and rises synchronously along with the rise of the liquid level. According to the size of the area of each layer corresponding to the cavity (namely the metal part) of the casting mold, the injection position and the flow of the molten metal are adjusted, and the molten metal in the cavity of the casting mold rises along with the gradual growth of the casting mold from bottom to top.
8. After the metal liquid in the casting mold is filled to a certain volume, a cooling water pump is turned on, the temperature of the temperature regulating and controlling device is reduced through a water cooling pipeline, and the metal liquid in the casting mold is mainly enabled to release heat, reduce the temperature and be solidified and cooled through the temperature regulating and controlling device.
And (4) repeating the steps 4-8 until the whole production process is completed.
9. And after the molten metal is completely solidified and cooled, boxing the casting mold, cleaning the casting, and performing necessary post-treatment such as finishing to obtain the target metal part.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quickly manufacturing a metal part with a complex shape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: drawing a three-dimensional CAD model of a metal part product by using three-dimensional modeling software, and drawing a three-dimensional CAD model corresponding to a casting mold based on the metal part model, wherein the three-dimensional model of the casting mold consists of three parts: the method comprises the following steps of preparing a casting cavity area, a casting inner wall and a casting filling forming area, wherein the casting cavity area is an area which needs to be filled with molten metal in the subsequent steps and finally obtains a metal part, the casting inner wall is prepared by adopting a shell type tangential additive manufacturing method in the subsequent steps, and the casting filling area is prepared by a rapid filling method in the subsequent steps;
step 2: processing a three-dimensional CAD model of the casting mold to obtain information such as a processing curve (the distance between processing curves in different layers can reach several millimeters) of tangential additive forming of a shell on the inner wall of the casting mold, the volume size and the position of each layer of a cavity (namely a casting corresponding area) of the casting mold, the volume size and the position of each layer of an area of a filling area of the casting mold and the like;
and step 3: a temperature regulating device with heating and cooling functions is arranged below the working plane of the workbench, and the temperature is regulated according to the process requirements in the processes of preparing a casting mold, filling the molten metal and solidifying;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the movement of each shaft of the multi-shaft forming device according to the processing curve information of the inner wall of the casting mold, extruding a shell forming material through an extrusion port and bonding the shell forming material with a previous layer of material, moving the extrusion port forwards and continuously extruding the shell bonding material, and gradually solidifying the shell material after forming so that the shell has certain strength until the forming of a layer of shell is completed;
and 5: according to the volume of each layer of the filling area of the casting mold, the area is quickly filled with the low-thermal-conductivity heat-insulating material with the corresponding volume, and the adhesive is sprayed for bonding and curing to form the casting mold with good heat-insulating effect;
step 6: the temperature regulating device is heated to ensure that the temperature is not reduced to be too low when molten metal is just injected into the cavity of the casting mold in the subsequent step, so that the casting defects of cold shut, supercooling, insufficient casting and the like are avoided;
and 7: injecting molten metal into a cavity of a casting mold, adjusting the injection position and flow of the molten metal according to the size of each layer of area corresponding to the cavity of the casting mold (namely a metal part forming area), preparing layer by layer from bottom to top along with the casting mold, and ascending the molten metal in the cavity of the casting mold;
and 8: after the metal liquid in the casting mold is filled to a certain volume, cooling the temperature regulating device, so that the metal liquid in the casting mold releases heat mainly through the temperature regulating device, and the temperature reduction, solidification and cooling of the metal liquid are realized;
repeating the steps 4-8 until the preparation of the whole casting mold and the casting is completed;
and step 9: and after the casting mold is prepared and the molten metal is completely solidified and cooled, boxing the casting mold, cleaning the casting, and performing necessary post-treatment such as finishing to obtain the target metal part.
2. The method for rapidly manufacturing a metal part with a complex shape according to claim 1, wherein the shell of the inner wall of the mold is rapidly prepared by a tangential additive forming method of the shell with a curved contour, and the insulation material is rapidly filled in the filling area of the mold, so that the rapid preparation of the mold is realized.
3. The method for rapidly manufacturing a complex-shaped metal part according to claim 1, wherein the mold is filled by injecting molten metal during the preparation of the mold.
4. The method for rapidly manufacturing a metal part with a complicated shape according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the bottom of the mold is adjusted by a temperature control device to ensure the quality of the mold filling and solidification of the molten metal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110295096.9A CN113059117B (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Rapid manufacturing method of metal part with complex shape |
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| CN202110295096.9A CN113059117B (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Rapid manufacturing method of metal part with complex shape |
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| CN113059117B CN113059117B (en) | 2022-09-06 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114633471A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-17 | 青岛科技大学 | 3D printing method and 3D printing device |
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