CN107598095A - A kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component - Google Patents
A kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN107598095A CN107598095A CN201710845116.9A CN201710845116A CN107598095A CN 107598095 A CN107598095 A CN 107598095A CN 201710845116 A CN201710845116 A CN 201710845116A CN 107598095 A CN107598095 A CN 107598095A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component, this method includes：Data capture method, moulding process design and simulative optimization pouring technology, 3D printing SLS wax-patterns, running gate system evaporative pattern is foam-formed, technique groups tree and shell processed, the roasting demoulding, and vacuum pouring, supercharging solidification, hardware are cleared up, polished, polishing full processing step.The advantages of casting method of the present invention combines 3D printing, model casting, lost foam casting provides reliable technical scheme for the rapid development of large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component, solves the problems such as gas permeability is bad, feeding distance is insufficient using vacuum boosting pouring procedure；And shorten to the large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component production cycle in 10 working days from 13 months, realize the quick production of large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal forming process field, and in particular to a kind of 3D printing is molded large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal
The casting method of component.
Background technology
In the R＆D process of large complicated high-temperature metal component, mostly using the method for mold, precision-investment is carried out
There are many difficulties in casting or sand casting, production process, investment pattern precise casting shell-making process is very difficult and often due to mould
Shell intensity and crackle lead to the failure, and sand casting surface and size are extremely difficult to require.3D printing wax-pattern replaces mould wax-pattern master
Being used for the silicon melten gel technique of model casting, sodium silicate process, gypsum mould technique, (low temperature closes in low temperature aluminium, copper, gold, silver, zinc etc.
Gold), due to reasons such as wax-pattern intensity, shell molding work, the roasting demouldings, small wax-pattern part forming metal component technique is relative in 3D printing
Maturation, in large-scale wax-pattern or the large-scale printing wax-pattern of combination is printed, in addition to aluminium alloy uses gypsum mould, the high-temperature metal work such as cast steel
Process is still in the exploratory stage.3D printing replaces mould to carry out component manufacture, no matter cost, manufacturing cycle, adjustable etc.
Have a clear superiority, 3D printing large-scale component development technology is explored and sizing has huge economy and social effect.
The present invention realizes the scale of large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component and rapid by the way that multiple technologies are compound
Production.Complex component integration is manufactured using 3D printing wax-pattern or combination wax-pattern；Utilize the flexible feeding of model casting and spraying
Technique ensures complex component internal soundness and surface smoothness；Using evaporative pattern foam make pouring and riser systemses improve be calcined swollen shell and
Roasting time；Ensure intensity and the insulation of casting mold using sand mold technology, extend solidification and fill the contracting time；Subtracted using vacuum casting process
Few air resistance, which improves, fills type ring border；Internal soundness is improved using supercharging solidifying process increase feeding distance；Using combination process
Reduce technical process, reduce labor intensity, cleaning is simple easy.
The content of the invention
A kind of in view of the foregoing, it is an object to provide 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal structure
The casting method of part so that the complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component high yield rate the being prepared and cycle is short, and effect is good.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall is high
The casting method of warm hardware, comprises the following steps：
(1) hardware data acquisition：Hardware three-dimensional data is obtained by Top-Down Design or reverse engineering design；
(2) moulding process design and simulative optimization pouring technology：It is excellent by cloud data processing, support, hollow out, microtomy
Change the hardware three-dimensional data obtained by step (1), then the hardware three by cast technology analogy optimization software to optimization
Dimension data carries out casting Technology Design and sizing, while running gate system and cast are designed in the hardware three-dimensional data of optimization
Speed, pre-designed hardware 3D solid data model stl file is obtained, to described on the industrial computer of 3D printing equipment
The 3D solid data model of stl file carries out slicing delamination processing, thickness 0.07-0.1mm；
(3) 3D printing SLS wax-patterns：On the table the engineering plastic feed powder that one layer of particle diameter is 5-20 microns is spread with powder-laying roller
End, by the laser beam that laser is sent under the control of 3D three-dimensional printing machines, the layered shaping according to obtained by step (2) is crossed pre-
Hardware 3D solid data model one printing shaping is designed, obtains rough hardware entity, then to rough gold
Metal elements entity carries out waxdip, polishing, polishing, drying and processing, obtains required hardware SLS wax-patterns；
(4) running gate system evaporative pattern is foam-formed：On the basis of the hardware SLS wax-patterns obtained by step (3), using disappearing
Lost pattern casting technique obtains running gate system formwork model；
(5) technique groups tree and shell processed：Running gate system formwork model obtained by step (4) is subjected to cast and system of risers group
Close, obtain complete, smooth formwork model, then to complete, smooth formwork model layer 2-3 housing；Wherein, 1-2 layers shell
Slurry be zirconium English powder and Ludox compound, the slurry of layer 2-3 shell is Mullite Powder and Ludox compound, treats 2-3
Layer housing spontaneously dry after, be put into containing mass fraction be 1% corundum sand circular or square iron case in be filled,
Consolidation and solidification drying；The filling of wherein sand mold further enhances the intensity of shell mould, avoids metal dust leakage and extends
The feeding time；
(6) the roasting demoulding：By the formwork model for being formed with housing obtained by step (5) with 30-40 DEG C of the speed of heating up per hour
Rate is heated to 180-220 DEG C, and 4-6h is incubated in this temperature, then again with 50 DEG C of the speed heat temperature raising of heating up per hour
To 500 DEG C, 2-3h is incubated in this temperature, roasting sloughs EPS wax-patterns, obtains casting mold；
(7) vacuum pouring, supercharging solidification：Casting mold obtained by step (6) is placed under 500 DEG C of heat-retaining conditions and take out very
Sky, when vacuum is evacuated to 0.13-0.15Kpa, the molten metal of slow pouring molten into casting mold, casting mold is entered after casting complete
Row pressurized treatment is allowed to solidify feeding, keeps pressurized state 30-60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains casting；
(8) hardware cleaning, polishing, polishing：High-pressure hydraulic cleaning is carried out to the casting obtained by step (7), cleaned
Cheng Hou, then grinding and buffing is carried out to casting, obtain required hardware.
In step (3), the wax-pattern precision is 100mm ± 0.1mm, and surface roughness Ra is less than 3.2；Laser uses
CO2Laser or optical fiber laser, the design parameter of the laser are：Movement velocity V=of the laser beam in working face
2100-2300mm/s, the movement velocity V=350-450mm/s of powdering straight line units, the real output P=42- of laser
48W, feed allowance are 0.08-0.1mm, conversion factor 1.08.
In step (4), the disappearance mold materials is expandable polystyrene (EPS) EPS.
In step (5), the slurries of the 1-2 layer shells is zirconium English powder and Ludox compound, wherein, zirconium English powder and silicon
The mass ratio of colloidal sol is 1:(3.4-3.5), the particle diameter of zirconium English powder is 320-330 mesh；The slurry of the layer 2-3 shell is mullite
Powder and Ludox compound, wherein, the mass ratio of Mullite Powder and Ludox is 1:(3.3-3.4), Mullite Powder
Particle diameter is 315-325 mesh.
In step (7), the molten metal is any one in cast-iron alloy liquid, carbon steel alloy liquid, stainless steel alloy liquid
Kind.
In step (7), pressure is 300-600Kpa during the pressurized treatment.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention solves the difficulty of large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component investment pattern precision casting shell
Topic；Investment pattern precision casting pouring and riser systemses have been played to set flexibly and the advantages of sand casting high insulating effect, add setting time with
Abundant feeding；Solve the problems, such as that gas permeability is bad and feeding distance deficiency using vacuum boosting pouring procedure；Running gate system is adopted
The problem of improving the swollen type of running gate system and long demoulding time in 3D printing large scale wax-pattern with evaporative pattern foam；Realize 3D
Print the fusion of wax pattern and vacuum boosting running gate system, will the problems such as the quick production of large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component
The large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component production cycle was shorten in 10-12 working day from 1-3 months.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of schematic flow sheet for the casting method that 3D printing is molded large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.It is it should be appreciated that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, it is not limited to these embodiments.
A kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component, comprises the following steps：
(1) hardware data acquisition：Complex thin-wall hardware three-dimensional data is obtained by reverse engineering design；
(2) moulding process design and simulative optimization pouring technology：It is excellent by cloud data processing, support, hollow out, microtomy
Change the complex thin-wall hardware three-dimensional data obtained by step (1), then optimization is answered by cast technology analogy optimization software
Miscellaneous thin-wall metal components three-dimensional data carry out casting Technology Design and sizing, while three-dimensional in the complex thin-wall hardware of optimization
Running gate system and poring rate are designed in data, obtains pre-designed complex thin-wall hardware 3D solid data model STL texts
Part, slicing delamination processing, thickness are carried out to the 3D solid data model of the stl file on the industrial computer of 3D printing equipment
For 0.08mm；
(3) 3D printing SLS wax-patterns：The engineering plastic powder that one layer of particle diameter is 10 microns is spread with powder-laying roller on the table,
By the laser beam that laser is sent under the control of 3D three-dimensional printing machines, the layered shaping according to obtained by step (2) is crossed default
Hardware 3D solid data model one printing shaping is counted, obtains rough hardware entity, then to rough metal
Component entity carries out waxdip, polishing, polishing, drying and processing, obtains required titanium metal elements SLS wax-patterns；Wherein, wax-pattern precision is
100.1mm, surface roughness Ra are less than 3.2；Laser uses CO2Laser, the design parameter of the laser are：Laser beam
In the movement velocity V=2200mm/s of working face, the movement velocity V=420mm/s of powdering straight line units, the reality of laser
Power output P=46W, feed allowance are 0.09mm, conversion factor 1.08；
(4) running gate system evaporative pattern is foam-formed：On the basis of the hardware SLS wax-patterns obtained by step (3), using disappearing
Lost pattern casting technique obtains running gate system formwork model；Wherein, disappearance mold materials is expandable polystyrene (EPS) EPS；
(5) technique groups tree and shell processed：Running gate system formwork model obtained by step (4) is subjected to cast and system of risers group
Close, obtain complete, smooth formwork model, then to complete, smooth 3 layers of housing of formwork model system；Wherein, 1-2 layers shell
Slurry is that mass ratio is 1:3.4 zirconium English powder and Ludox compound, the slurry of the 3rd layer of shell is that mass ratio is 1:3.3 not come
Stone powder and Ludox compound, after 3 layers of housing spontaneously dry, it is put into the circle containing the corundum sand that mass fraction is 1%
Be filled in shape or square iron case, consolidation and solidification drying；
(6) the roasting demoulding：The formwork model for being formed with housing obtained by step (5) is added with 35 DEG C of the speed of heating up per hour
Heat is warming up to 200 DEG C, and 6h is incubated in this temperature, is then heated to 500 DEG C again with 50 DEG C of the speed of heating up per hour,
3h is incubated in this temperature, roasting sloughs EPS wax-patterns, obtains casting mold；
(7) vacuum pouring, supercharging solidification：Casting mold obtained by step (6) is placed under 500 DEG C of heat-retaining conditions and take out very
Sky, when vacuum is evacuated to 0.15Kpa, the cast-iron alloy liquid of slow pouring molten into casting mold, casting mold is entered after casting complete
Row pressurized treatment, is pressurized to 500Kpa, cast-iron alloy liquid is solidified feeding, keeps pressurized state 60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains
To casting；
(8) hardware cleaning, polishing, polishing：High-pressure hydraulic cleaning is carried out to the iron casting obtained by step (7), clearly
After the completion of washing, then grinding and buffing is carried out to casting, obtain required iron member.
Large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component prepared by this method, its data acquisition and investment pattern precision casting shell pass through the modern times
Computer technology can be obtained quickly, and played investment pattern precision casting pour system set flexibly and sand casting high insulating effect it is excellent
Point, add setting time and abundant feeding；Solve that gas permeability is bad using vacuum boosting pouring procedure and feeding distance not
The problem of sufficient；Running gate system improves the swollen type of running gate system and demoulding time in 3D printing large scale wax-pattern using evaporative pattern foam
The problem of long；And product thin and thick is controllable, just control to obtain preferable gold in the good hardware data of initial design
Metal elements thickness, utilize the fusion of 3D printing wax pattern and vacuum boosting running gate system, its hardware production time, integral thickness
It is all controllable with shape, and production efficiency improves, and finally carries out process of refinement to the casting crude product of printing again, has obtained ideal
Complex thin-wall hardware.This method is controllable and reasonable, and step is clear, and products obtained therefrom effect is preferable.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) hardware data acquisition：Hardware three-dimensional data is obtained by Top-Down Design or reverse engineering design；
(2) moulding process design and simulative optimization pouring technology：Pass through cloud data processing, support, hollow out, microtomy optimization step
Suddenly the hardware three-dimensional data obtained by (1), then the dimension of hardware three by cast technology analogy optimization software to optimization
According to progress casting Technology Design and sizing, while running gate system and cast speed are designed in the hardware three-dimensional data of optimization
Degree, obtains pre-designed hardware 3D solid data model stl file, to the STL on the industrial computer of 3D printing equipment
The 3D solid data model of file carries out slicing delamination processing, thickness 0.07-0.1mm；
(3) 3D printing SLS wax-patterns：The engineering plastic powder that one layer of particle diameter is 5-20 microns is spread with powder-laying roller on the table, by
The laser beam that laser is sent under the control of 3D three-dimensional printing machines, cross pre-designed by the layered shaping according to obtained by step (2)
Hardware 3D solid data model one printing shaping, obtains rough hardware entity, then to rough metal structure
Part entity carries out waxdip, polishing, polishing, drying and processing, obtains required hardware SLS wax-patterns；
(4) running gate system evaporative pattern is foam-formed：On the basis of the hardware SLS wax-patterns obtained by step (3), using evaporative pattern
Casting technique obtains running gate system formwork model；Wherein, disappearance mold materials is expandable polystyrene (EPS) EPS；
(5) technique groups tree and shell processed：Running gate system formwork model obtained by step (4) is subjected to cast and system of risers combination,
Complete, smooth formwork model is obtained, then to complete, smooth formwork model layer 2-3 housing；Wherein, the slurry of 1-2 layers shell
Expect that for zirconium English powder and Ludox compound, the slurry of layer 2-3 shell is Mullite Powder and Ludox compound, treats layer 2-3 shell
Body spontaneously dry after, be put into containing mass fraction be 1% corundum sand circular or square iron case in be filled, consolidation
With solidification drying；
(6) the roasting demoulding：The formwork model for being formed with housing obtained by step (5) is added with 30-40 DEG C of the speed of heating up per hour
Heat is warming up to 180-220 DEG C, and 4-6h is incubated in this temperature, is then heated to again with 50 DEG C of the speed of heating up per hour
500 DEG C, 2-3h is incubated in this temperature, roasting sloughs EPS wax-patterns, obtains casting mold；
(7) vacuum pouring, supercharging solidification：Casting mold obtained by step (6) is placed under 500 DEG C of heat-retaining conditions and vacuumized, when
When vacuum is evacuated to 0.13-0.15Kpa, the molten metal of slow pouring molten into casting mold, casting mold is increased after casting complete
Pressure processing is allowed to solidify feeding, keeps pressurized state 30-60min again after solidifying feeding, obtains casting；
(8) hardware cleaning, polishing, polishing：High-pressure hydraulic cleaning is carried out to the casting obtained by step (7), after the completion of cleaning,
Grinding and buffing is carried out to casting again, obtains required hardware.
2. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step (3), the wax-pattern precision is 100mm ± 0.1mm, and surface roughness Ra is less than 3.2；Laser is adopted
Use CO2Laser or optical fiber laser, the design parameter of the laser are：Movement velocity V of the laser beam in working face
=2100-2300mm/s, the movement velocity V=350-450mm/s of powdering straight line units, the real output P=of laser
42-48W, feed allowance are 0.08-0.1mm, conversion factor 1.08.
3. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step (4), the disappearance mold materials is expandable polystyrene (EPS) EPS.
4. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step (5), the slurries of the 1-2 layer shells is zirconium English powder and Ludox compound, wherein, zirconium English powder and
The mass ratio of Ludox is 1:(3.4-3.5), the particle diameter of zirconium English powder is 320-330 mesh；The slurry of the layer 2-3 shell is not next
Stone powder and Ludox compound, wherein, the mass ratio of Mullite Powder and Ludox is 1:(3.3-3.4), Mullite Powder
Particle diameter be 315-325 mesh.
5. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step (7), the molten metal is any one in cast-iron alloy liquid, carbon steel alloy liquid, stainless steel alloy liquid
Kind.
6. a kind of casting method of 3D printing shaping large-scale complex thin-wall high-temperature metal component according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step (7), pressure is 300-600Kpa during the pressurized treatment.
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| CN108941511A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-07 | 北京北方恒利科技发展有限公司 | A kind of moulding process based on 3D printing cast aluminium alloy gold cylinder cap |
| CN109158542A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江省机电产品质量检测所 | Ceramic mold casting PS unitary mould and its quick cast method based on selective laser sintering |
| CN110523921A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of casting method |
| CN110918875A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-03-27 | 西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司 | Preparation method of mold shell for casting beryllium-aluminum alloy |
| CN111331077A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-06-26 | 泰州市金鹰精密铸造有限公司 | Size control method for casting high-silicon light hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy product |
| CN112207232A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-12 | 成都富江机械制造有限公司 | Method for controlling reverse difference-compensating modeling deformation of casting |
| CN113042685A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 西北工业大学 | 3DP sand mold casting process suitable for ZL205A aluminum alloy complex thin-wall component |
| CN114433788A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 南京品臻精密模具有限公司 | Process method for improving flow direction of fluid and balancing pouring |
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| CN113042685B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-06-28 | 西北工业大学 | 3DP sand mold casting process suitable for ZL205A aluminum alloy complex thin-wall component |
| CN114433788A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 南京品臻精密模具有限公司 | Process method for improving flow direction of fluid and balancing pouring |
| CN114433788B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-02-27 | 南京品臻精密模具有限公司 | Fluid flow direction improved casting balance process method |
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