CN106694804A - Rapid wax injection mold manufacturing process based on photo-curing 3D printing technique - Google Patents
Rapid wax injection mold manufacturing process based on photo-curing 3D printing technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106694804A CN106694804A CN201611021549.4A CN201611021549A CN106694804A CN 106694804 A CN106694804 A CN 106694804A CN 201611021549 A CN201611021549 A CN 201611021549A CN 106694804 A CN106694804 A CN 106694804A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/28—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for wheels, rolls, or rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid wax injection mold manufacturing process based on a photo-curing 3D printing technique and belongs to the technical field of rapid manufacturing of molds. The rapid wax injection mold manufacturing process comprises the following steps: firstly building a mold component three-dimensional model and carrying out structure optimization design and shell-drawing design, secondly forming a mold shell three-dimensional model through photo-curing 3D printing to manufacture a resin mold shell, then mounting a metal cooling pipeline in the resin mold shell; finally preparing a metal resin mixture by taking epoxy resin, epoxy curing agents and metal powder as the raw materials, and filling the metal resin mixture in the resin mold shell and manufacturing the rapid wax injection mold after the metal resin mixture is completely cured. Through the rapid wax injection mold manufacturing process based on the photo-curing 3D printing technique, the manufacturing cost of the wax injection mold can be reduced; the manufacturing cycle of the wax injection mold is shortened; the manufactured wax injection mold is high in mechanical strength, high in heat conduction performance and long in service life; the practicability of the wax injection mold in the casting field can be effectively improved; the wax injection mold is conveniently popularized and applied in the field of single-piece, small-batch and rapid casting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technique, has system more particularly, to a kind of fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique
Technique is made, it belongs to Rapid Tooling Manufacturing Technology field.
Background technology
Precision-investment casting is a kind of widely used near-net-shape technique, particularly in high accuracy, Complicated structure casting
There is irreplaceable advantage in production process.First operation of precision-investment casting production is exactly to manufacture wax-pattern, this wax-pattern
As fusible pattern.Traditional precision-investment casting typically manufactures wax-pattern using metal pressure wax-pattern tool as die mould.Traditional mould
Manufacture method has a lot, for example NC milling, plunge grinding, electrical discharge machining, linear cutter, casting mould, electrolysis
Processing, eletroforming etc..But, due to traditional moulds complex manufacturing, the construction cycle is long, and manufacturing cost is higher, is relatively applicable
In the conventional commercial mode of production, it is difficult to realize the quick manufacture of complex precise casting, directly affect product development efficiency, thus
The quick and various market demand cannot be adapted to.
Chinese die industry technological associations point out in die industry " 12 " development plan, further to shorten mould system
The cycle is made, new rapid economic die is given priority to, is next target of mould development；Therefore, mould development is effectively shortened
Cycle simultaneously reduces die manufacturing cost and has particularly important meaning for meeting the quick and various market demand of modern society.
3D printing technique is the emerging technology that manufacture field is being developed rapidly, it does not need traditional cutter,
Fixture and multi-step process, can rapidly and precisely produce arbitrarily again merely with three-dimensional design data in an equipment
The part of miscellaneous shape.According to printing type and the difference of printed material, 3D printing technique can be divided into different species；Wherein light is consolidated
Change 3D printing technique machining accuracy it is higher, it with photosensitive resin to process raw material, using the principle of Layered manufacturing, using ultraviolet
Laser beam is successively scanned solidification to photosensitive resin, until whole part completes.
The fast ram compression wax-pattern tool of photocuring is exactly that advanced 3D printing technique is combined with Rapid Tooling Manufacturing Technology, directly
Conventional metals pressure wax-pattern tool is substituted using 3D printing resin die and suppresses small lot wax-pattern as die mould, effectively shorten production week
Phase, improve product development efficiency.
But, because the mold materials of photocuring 3D printing shaping are photosensitive resin, its intensity, thermal conductivity and conventional metals mould
Compared to all there is larger gap, this will substantially reduce practicality of the fast mould in casting field to tool, also significantly limit
Popularization and application of the fast mould in casting field.Therefore, a kind of fast ram compression wax-pattern tool manufacturing process of new photocuring is studied, with
Its performance is set to have as close possible to metal pressure wax-pattern, this will have important to the fast ram compression wax-pattern tool in casting field popularization and application
Meaning.
Publication date is on 04 16th, 2014, in the Chinese patent of Publication No. 103722127A, is disclosed
A kind of patent of invention of entitled " rapid investment casting method of the one kind based on photocuring (SL) ".Patent exploitation 3D
The colophony prototype that printing technique makes replaces the wax pattern in model casting, and colophony prototype is the honeycomb of thin-walled, and ingate sets
Put on colophony prototype, running gate system sets groove using conventional wax running gate system in wax running gate system, interior during group tree
It is adhesively fixed in running channel insertion groove；Rod wax is set on colophony prototype, steam vent is formed after shell processed.Although the method reduction
Casting cost, reduces the production cycle, it is to avoid cracking phenomena of the shell in roasting process, but the wax of routine cast system
System, is only arranged on ingate on colophony prototype, artificial on part colophony prototype that need to also be after completing to set rod wax,
Waste time and energy, and be difficult to ensure that made running gate system is consistent with optimized design scheme, so as to final casting metals
There is certain influence in part quality, and will reduce the quality stability of batch cast product, and by artisan craftsmanship
Limitation, increased process complexity, therefore itself or existing defects.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above shortcomings in the prior art, and provide a kind of rational technology, production
Cycle is short, low production cost, the accuracy of manufacture tool manufacturing process of the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique high
The present invention the used technical scheme that solves the above problems is：The fast ram compression wax-pattern for being based on photocuring 3D printing technique has
Manufacturing process, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
（1）Mould structure CAD optimization design
The threedimensional model of mould element is set up based on 3 d modeling software, and Optimal Structure Designing is carried out to mould, complete to tie
On the basis of structure optimization design, mold former is carried out to take out shell design, the mould shell three of formation inner hollow after shell is taken out in completion
Dimension module；
（2）The 3D printing of resin die shell shapes
Mould shell threedimensional model is converted into STL data forms, and imports pre-processing software carrying out pre-treatment, the pre-treatment according to
It is secondary to be supported and layered shaping including model moulding direction positioning, design, then the model data importing laser that pre-treatment will be completed
Rapidform machine, is 3D printing raw material with the preferable high intensity photosensitive resin of heat resistance, and light is started after setting technological parameter
Solidification 3D printing shaping, obtains the mould shell colophony prototype with support after completing, then is post-processed, and resin mold is obtained
Tool shell is standby；
（3）Metal cooling-pipe road is installed
Metal cooling-pipe road is installed in pre-production good resin die shell interior, by the two ends in metal cooling-pipe road respectively from
Resin shell interior outwards inserts two cooling pipe mounting holes on resin shell, then the center section of cooling pipe is fixed
In the cooling pipe supporting construction of early stage design；
（4）Prepare metal-resin mixture
With epoxy resin and metal dust as base-material, by a certain percentage of the weight by epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and metal powder
End mixing simultaneously quickly stirs, and tentatively prepared metal-resin mixture is standby；Epoxide group in epoxy resin will gradually with
Epoxy hardener crosslinks reaction and forms insoluble netted space polymers, namely curing reaction, metal dust quilt occur
Envelope is among reticulate body；
（5）The filling solidification of mould shell interior
On the basis of the installation of metal cooling-pipe road and the preparation of metal-resin mixture is completed, by the foregoing metal-resin for preparing
Mixture is poured into the internal cavity structures of resin die shell, and the metal-resin mixture fills tree automatically under gravity
Fat mould shell internal cavity structures, keep flat standing, and fast ram compression wax-pattern tool is can be prepared by after it is fully cured.
Processing step above eliminates the processing and manufacturing link of conventional metals pressure wax-pattern tool, saves pressure wax Making mold
Cost, shortens pressure wax die manufacturing cycle, obtains dimensional accuracy pressure wax die products high.
Preferably, step of the present invention（1）In, Optimal Structure Designing includes location structure design, be connected knot
Structure design, the design of casting hole, the design of cooling pipe mounting hole and cooling pipe support structure designs.
Preferably, step of the present invention（1）In, 3 d modeling software is using in Pro/E, UG and SolidWorks
It is a kind of；Also can select others 3 d modeling software.
Preferably, step of the present invention（1）In, the thick scope that sets of shell wall of taking out taken out in shell treatment is 2mm-8mm.
Preferably, step of the present invention（2）In, pre-processing software is using the one kind in RPData or Imageware；
It is not limited to both softwares.
Preferably, step of the present invention（2）In, post processing is cleaned, is removed support, solidify afterwards and table according to including secondary
Polish in face.
Preferably, step of the present invention（3）In, metal cooling-pipe road is using the one kind in iron pipe, aluminum pipe or copper pipe；
Also can select the preferable metal cooling-pipe road of other heat conductivilitys.
Preferably, step of the present invention（4）In, metal dust is using the one kind in iron powder, aluminium powder or copper powder；；
Can select the preferable metal dust of other heat conductivilitys.
Preferably, step of the present invention（4）In, epoxy resin uses E51 type epoxy resin, epoxy hardener to use
810 epoxy hardeners.
The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below and effect：1st, adding for conventional metals pressure wax-pattern tool is eliminated
Work manufactures link, saves pressure wax die manufacturing cost, shortens pressure wax die manufacturing cycle；2nd, metal-resin mixture is consolidated
Change speed and thermal conductivity is artificially adjustable, the part by weight of wherein epoxy hardener is higher, then curing rate is faster, wherein metal powder
The content at end is higher, then the cooling effect of fast ram compression wax-pattern tool is better；3rd, metal-resin mixture deforms in its solidification process
Shrinkage factor is small, dimensional stability is preferable, is conducive to improving the dimensional accuracy that fast ram compression wax-pattern has product；4th, obtained fast ram compression wax
The mechanical strength of mould is higher, heat conductivility preferably, the service life of fast ram compression wax-pattern tool can be effectively improved, effectively increase
It is easy in single-piece, the field popularization and application of small lot quick cast in the practicality of casting field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention open centrifugal pump impeller pattern axle geodesic structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is embodiment of the present invention open centrifugal pump impeller pattern cross-sectional view.
Fig. 4 is the resin die shell axle geodesic structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention photocuring 3D printing shaping.
Fast ram compression wax-pattern after Fig. 5 completes for the embodiment of the present invention has simple cross-sectional view.
In figure：Open centrifugal pump impeller 1, mold resin shell 2, lower resin mould shell 3, metal cooling-pipe road 4, gold
Category resin compound 5.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and by embodiment, and following examples are to this hair
Bright explanation and the invention is not limited in following examples.
Embodiment.
It is a kind of common open centrifugal pump impeller referring to Fig. 2-Fig. 3, is typically manufactured using traditional precision-investment casting
Technique, but because the impeller has complicated curve form so that its metal pressure wax-pattern tool is more expensive to manufacture, the cycle is long, it is difficult to suitable
Answer small lot to customize quick Manufacturing Models, and can preferably meet this demand using technique proposed by the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, the fast ram compression wax-pattern tool manufacturing process based on photocuring 3D printing technique, including following operation
Step：
（1）Mould structure CAD optimization design
Set up the threedimensional model of open centrifugal pump impeller 1 based on Pro/E softwares, and using the threedimensional model of the impeller 1 as reference
Model extraction mould element, obtains the threedimensional model of mold and lower mould, and carrying out structure optimization to the upper and lower mould respectively sets
Meter, including location structure design, the structure design that is connected, the design of casting hole, the design of cooling pipe mounting hole, cooling pipe branch
Support structure design etc..On the basis of Optimal Structure Designing is completed, then the upper and lower mold former is carried out to take out shell design, take out shell
Wall thickness is set to 5mm, and the upper and lower mould shell threedimensional model of formation inner hollow after shell is taken out in completion.
（2）The 3D printing of resin die shell shapes
The upper and lower mould shell threedimensional model of foregoing completion CAD optimization designs is converted into STL data forms, and is imported
RPData pre-processing softwares carry out pre-treatment, successively including model moulding direction positioning, design support and layered shaping.
The upper and lower mould type shell model data that layered shaping will be completed import laser fast shaping machine, preferable with heat resistance
High intensity photosensitive resin be 3D printing raw material, start light after setting technological parameter in RpBuild technology controlling and process softwares
Solidification 3D printing shaping, obtains mold resin shell 2 and lower resin mould shell 3 with support after completing.
To complete the mold resin shell 2 that obtains and lower resin mould shell 3 cleaned successively, go support,
The postprocessing working procedures such as solidify afterwards, surface polishing, to improve the performance such as dimensional accuracy, intensity, surface quality of resin die shell.
（3）Metal cooling-pipe road is installed
Metal cooling-pipe road 4 is installed inside the good mold resin shell 2 of pre-production and lower resin mould shell 3, by gold
Belong to two cooling pipes peace that the two ends of cooling pipe 4 are outwards inserted on resin die shell from resin die shell interior respectively
Dress hole, to ensure that the both ends open of metal cooling-pipe road 4 is located at resin die shell outside, intakes in order to one end as cooling water
Mouthful, the other end is used as cooling water outlet, then the cooling that the center section in metal cooling-pipe road 4 is fixedly mounted on early stage design
On piping support structure.
（4）Prepare metal-resin mixture
Quantitatively weigh E51 types epoxy resin, 810 epoxy hardeners and iron powder successively by a certain percentage of the weight, on this basis,
Load weighted E51 types epoxy resin and 810 epoxy hardeners are all poured into same glass container respectively first and is mixed and fast
Speed stirs, and preliminarily forms epoxy resin based mixtures, then load weighted iron powder is added thereto and is quickly stirred, shape
It is standby into metal-resin mixture 5.
（5）The filling solidification of mould shell interior
On the basis of completion metal cooling-pipe road 4 is installed and prepared by metal-resin mixture 5, by the foregoing Metal tree for preparing
Lipoprotein mixture 5 is poured into the internal cavity structures of mold resin shell 2 and lower resin mould shell 3 successively, in Action of Gravity Field
The automatic potting resin mould shell internal cavity structures of the lower metal-resin mixture 5, keep flat standing, after it is fully cured i.e.
A secondary fast ram compression wax-pattern including upper and lower mould can be obtained to have.Only need to be by upper and lower mould matched moulds during the fast ram compression wax-pattern tool work
And wax liquor is inwardly injected from casting hole, while being passed through cooling water in metal cooling-pipe road 4 is circulated cooling, treat that wax liquor cooling is solidifying
Gu after by upper and lower mould die sinking i.e. can be taken off impeller wax-pattern, for carrying out precision-investment casting.
The present embodiment directly consolidates mould shell threedimensional model light on the basis of mould structure CAD optimization design is completed
Change 3D printing shaping, then metal-resin mixture 5 is filled at the inner hollow position of resin die shell, after standing solidification
Fast ram compression wax-pattern tool is obtained.The embodiment eliminates the processing and manufacturing link of conventional metals pressure wax-pattern tool, saves pressure wax-pattern tool
Manufacturing cost, shortens pressure wax die manufacturing cycle, and the mechanical strength of obtained fast ram compression wax-pattern tool is higher, heat conductivility compared with
It is good, its practicality in casting field is effectively increased, it is easy to utilize.
The raw material for being used for mould shell photocuring 3D printing shaping in the present embodiment use the preferable high intensity of heat resistance
Photosensitive resin material, to improve intensity, hardness and resistance to elevated temperatures that obtained fast ram compression wax-pattern has so that the fast ram compression wax-pattern
The performance of tool effectively improves the service life of the fast ram compression wax-pattern tool as close possible to metal die.
The metal-resin mixture 5 for being used for mould inside filling in the present embodiment is main by E51 types epoxy resin, 810 rings
Oxygen curing agent and iron powder are mixed by a certain percentage of the weight.The wherein weight of E51 types epoxy resin and 810 epoxy hardeners
Ratio will directly determine the curing rate of the metal-resin mixture 5, and the part by weight of contained 810 epoxy hardener is higher, then
Curing rate is faster；The content of wherein iron powder is higher, then thermal conductivity is higher after metal-resin mixture 5 solidifies, and obtained is fast
The cooling effect of ram compression wax-pattern tool is better.
In the present embodiment be used for mould inside filling metal-resin mixture 5 in its solidification process deformation retract rate
Small, dimensional stability preferably, is conducive to improving the dimensional accuracy that fast ram compression wax-pattern has product；This kind of metal-resin mixture 5 is consolidated
Mechanical strength and hardness after change is higher, is conducive to improving the mechanical and physical performance that follow-up fast ram compression wax-pattern has product；And because being somebody's turn to do
Contain metal powder material in kind of metal-resin mixture 5, be conducive to improving the thermal conductivity that follow-up fast ram compression wax-pattern has product.
Epoxy resin in the present embodiment uses E51 type epoxy resin, epoxy hardener to use 810 epoxy hardeners, gold
Category powder uses iron powder；Metal-resin mixture is epoxy resin and metal powder mixture.
Mold resin shell 2, lower resin mould shell 3 and metal cooling-pipe road 4 in the present embodiment accompanying drawing are only
A kind of virtual structure type set to explain the present invention, has no effect on the popularity of the actual suitable structures of the present invention.
By above-mentioned elaboration, those skilled in the art can implement.
Furthermore, it is necessary to explanation, the specific embodiment described in this specification, is named the shape of its parts and components
Claiming etc. can be with difference, and the above content described in this specification is only to structure example explanation of the present invention.It is all according to
The equivalence changes or simple change done according to the construction described in inventional idea of the present invention, feature and principle, are included in this hair
In the protection domain of bright patent.Those skilled in the art can do various to described specific embodiment
The modification of various kinds or supplement are substituted using similar mode, without departing from structure of the invention or surmount present claims
Scope defined in book, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique has manufacturing process, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps
：
（1）Mould structure CAD optimization design
The threedimensional model of mould element is set up based on 3 d modeling software, and Optimal Structure Designing is carried out to mould, complete to tie
On the basis of structure optimization design, mold former is carried out to take out shell design, the mould shell three of formation inner hollow after shell is taken out in completion
Dimension module；
（2）The 3D printing of resin die shell shapes
Mould shell threedimensional model is converted into STL data forms, and imports pre-processing software carrying out pre-treatment, the pre-treatment according to
It is secondary to be supported and layered shaping including model moulding direction positioning, design, then the model data importing laser that pre-treatment will be completed
Rapidform machine, is 3D printing raw material with the preferable high intensity photosensitive resin of heat resistance, and light is started after setting technological parameter
Solidification 3D printing shaping, obtains the mould shell colophony prototype with support after completing, then is post-processed, and resin mold is obtained
Tool shell is standby；
（3）Metal cooling-pipe road is installed
Metal cooling-pipe road is installed in pre-production good resin die shell interior, by the two ends in metal cooling-pipe road respectively from
Resin shell interior outwards inserts two cooling pipe mounting holes on resin shell, then the center section of cooling pipe is fixed
In the cooling pipe supporting construction of early stage design；
（4）Prepare metal-resin mixture
With epoxy resin and metal dust as base-material, by a certain percentage of the weight by epoxy resin, epoxy hardener and metal powder
End mixing simultaneously quickly stirs, and tentatively prepared metal-resin mixture is standby；Epoxide group in epoxy resin will gradually with
Epoxy hardener crosslinks reaction and forms insoluble netted space polymers, namely curing reaction, metal dust quilt occur
Envelope is among reticulate body；
（5）The filling solidification of mould shell interior
On the basis of the installation of metal cooling-pipe road and the preparation of metal-resin mixture is completed, by the foregoing metal-resin for preparing
Mixture is poured into the internal cavity structures of resin die shell, and the metal-resin mixture fills tree automatically under gravity
Fat mould shell internal cavity structures, keep flat standing, and fast ram compression wax-pattern tool is can be prepared by after it is fully cured.
2. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（1）In, Optimal Structure Designing include location structure design, the structure design that is connected, casting hole design, it is cold
But Pipe installing hole is designed and cooling pipe support structure designs.
3. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（1）In, 3 d modeling software is using the one kind in Pro/E, UG and SolidWorks.
4. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（1）In, the thick scope that sets of shell wall of taking out taken out in shell treatment is 2mm-8mm.
5. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（2）In, pre-processing software is using the one kind in RPData or Imageware.
6. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（2）In, post processing is cleaned, goes support, solidify afterwards and surface to polish according to including secondary.
7. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（3）In, metal cooling-pipe road is using the one kind in iron pipe, aluminum pipe or copper pipe.
8. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（4）In, metal dust is using the one kind in iron powder, aluminium powder or copper powder.
9. the fast ram compression wax-pattern based on photocuring 3D printing technique according to claim 1 has manufacturing process, and its feature exists
In：The step（4）In, epoxy resin uses E51 type epoxy resin, epoxy hardener to use 810 epoxy hardeners.
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| CN112549831A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-03-26 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Low melting temperature metal filler for additive manufacturing tools |
| CN113275515A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Rapid pump body investment casting method based on photocuring additive technology |
| US11673177B2 (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2023-06-13 | Ford Motor Company | 3D-printed conformal cooling for hot stamping casted die inserts |
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