CN113047447B - Split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method - Google Patents
Split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113047447B CN113047447B CN202110532706.2A CN202110532706A CN113047447B CN 113047447 B CN113047447 B CN 113047447B CN 202110532706 A CN202110532706 A CN 202110532706A CN 113047447 B CN113047447 B CN 113047447B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
- E04B1/3522—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by raising a structure and then adding structural elements under it
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
Abstract
The invention discloses a split-level steel structure building semi-top-down construction method, relates to the technical field of building construction, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional sequential construction method delays the capping speed of a building main body and increases the time occupied by a next area. The invention adopts the reverse construction method to construct the large overhanging staggered floor structure at the lower part of the traffic body, solves the hoisting problem of narrow space, reduces the measure investment, shortens the occupied time for positioning the next floor area, and increases the efficiency of staggered rigid floor building construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method.
Background
Staggered floor steel construction building adopts traditional in the same direction as doing the construction, and the construction is up layer by layer, at staggered floor building layer, the construction building main part and staggered floor structure simultaneously.
However, the construction mode can delay the capping progress of the main building body and delay the time of putting the building into use, if the main building body is of a horizontal through structure, the occupied time of a lower area can be greatly prolonged, and the road passing of a field area or the expansion of a field construction surface are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the construction of a staggered floor steel structure in the prior art is carried out sequentially to prolong the time occupied by the lower area, and provides a semi-reverse construction method of a staggered floor steel structure building.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method comprises the following steps:
first, technical preparation
(1) Deepening the top-down-side-to-side construction drawing, calculating the construction load and simulating the distribution change of the unloading stress, and examining and approving the deepening drawing by a design institute and examining by an examining organization.
(2) And compiling an up-down construction scheme, and passing the audit by a design unit, a supervision unit and a construction unit and passing the argumentation of an organization expert.
(3) And calculating the mounting height of the lattice column, and processing and forming in advance.
Mounting of traffic body support
(1) And (6) installing an embedded part. The steel column split heads are embedded in the raft foundation, the split heads height = the raft thickness-column foot goes out the raft mark height, adopts the angle steel, and the material Q235B is more than. In order to prevent the split heads from shifting and improve the positioning accuracy of the split heads when concrete is poured, a total station is adopted for reinforcing and positioning when the split heads are buried, the split heads are machined and manufactured on site, the deviation of the mounting accuracy is controlled within 2mm, angle steel supports are added, the split heads are guaranteed not to move during pouring, and the split heads are guaranteed to be mounted on site once.
(2) And (5) installing a steel upright post. The factors of site construction environment, crane type selection, installation and transportation are comprehensively considered, and the steel column adopts natural segmentation in only one floor.
Third, temporary support lattice column installation
(1) Lattice column foundation construction
And designing the size and the burial depth of the lattice column foundation according to the maximum supporting weight of the steel structure bridge-connected supporting frame.
(2) Lattice column mounting
The temporary lattice supporting section is designed according to the size and the weight of an upper steel beam, each group of lattice columns is composed of four steel columns and batten strips, the upper base and the lower base are made of profile steel, and the distance between the bases can be adjusted according to the height of a floor and the height of a truss. The vertical column is generally made of a phi 159 x 10 round tube, and the web members are generally made of a P76x5 round tube, and the step pitch is 1.5 m. A lattice column material Q355B. The mounting height of the lattice column is calculated, h = truss lower chord elevation + arching height
Fourthly, leveling and unloading base installation
After the lattice column is installed, the base is installed at the top of the lattice column and fixed by bolts, and the jack is installed before the component is hoisted. After the base is installed, the total station is used for rechecking the elevation of the top, and the error part is adjusted and eliminated by a base plate and structural arching.
Fifth, truss installation
(1) Simulation hoist and mount
The lower part of the truss is a main construction channel of a field, so that the hoisting sequence is reasonably arranged, and the occupied time of a road is reduced. And (3) simulating the hoisting process by using a BIM visualization technology, determining the crane station and the landing leg position, and identifying unsafe factors in the precaution process in advance.
(2) Truss framework folding butt joint
The truss piece hoisting machine is selected according to hoisting weight and plane arrangement, a large-tonnage crane is generally adopted for main hoisting, a small-tonnage crane is generally adopted for auxiliary hoisting, a leveling base is adopted for quick positioning in the butt joint process, and the specifications of the vertical jack and the horizontal jack of the leveling base meet the jacking requirement.
(3) Measuring and positioning
And (3) discharging the boundary of the lower chord beam of the truss on the base at the top of the lattice column, welding a positioning steel plate on one side, measuring the top elevation of the base and the bottom elevation of the truss for checking, arching according to the design requirement, setting the top elevation of the base according to the sedimentation amount calculated by the simulation of steel structure unloading, and calculating and preparing a corresponding base plate.
(4) Truss hoisting
And the main hoisting machine is used for hooking the top hoisting points of the trusses to hoist each truss, the auxiliary hoisting machine is used for hooking the bottom hoisting points of the trusses to hoist in an auxiliary mode, the main hoisting machine is used for height control, and the auxiliary hoisting machine is used for azimuth traction. When the truss rises to the top of the base, the auxiliary hoisting points are disconnected, and the truss is pulled by a rope manually on the ground so as to fall on the base and abut against the positioning steel plate.
(5) Support alignment
When the truss falls on the base, the main hoisting ropes are loosened, the truss is located at a high marking level, opposite paying-off personnel use the laser marking instrument to mark the axis of the lower chord beam of the truss, the base is leveled to move horizontally, and axis alignment is carried out on the truss.
(6) Truss welding
And welding the truss and the butt joint end, and repeating the steps to finish the butt joint installation of all truss pieces.
Sixthly, mounting of web beam and edge beam
And after the truss framework is closed and butted, the web beam and the curved edge beam are installed.
(1) Size checking
And measuring the clearance size of the installed truss framework on site, and checking the machining size of the web beam. And scanning the installation section by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, fitting the BIM model of the curve boundary beam and the truss point cloud model in three-dimensional modeling software, and checking the size of the curve boundary beam.
(2) Steel beam hoisting
And hoisting the web beam and the curved edge beam by adopting a proper-tonnage truck crane.
(3) Steel beam connection
Most of the web beams of the steel structure connecting bridge are thick plate box type beams which are connected by high-strength bolts, and the curved edge beams are thin plate box type beams which are welded by fusion penetration.
Seventh, first unload
(1) Offloading deployments
The engineering unloading scheme is realized according to the principles that the stress and deformation of the structural member are coordinated and balanced in the unloading process, the change process is mild, the structure is repeatedly and slightly lowered in a circulating way for many times, and the field construction operation is convenient, namely, the operation is divided into partitions, sections, equivalent, balanced and slow.
Offloading simulation analysis
And calculating the deformation amount of each stage of unloading according to the stress deformation of the structure and the thickness of the base plate drawn out every time, wherein the deformation amount is used as the basis for controlling the unloading process, the unloading is stopped immediately when the deformation amount exceeds the controlled deformation amount, and the unloading can be continued after the influence is checked and eliminated.
(3) Unloading control
In the unloading process, the supporting system and the finished structure system are stressed together, in order to ensure the smooth unloading, unified command is needed during the unloading, the synchronization is ensured, and the unloading is carried out according to the steps and the areas of the working condition analysis.
(4) Offloading monitoring
Before unloading, measuring the deformation of a monitoring point to obtain initial data, and tracking, measuring and monitoring in the unloading process; the unloading of the steel structure is monitored by measuring the deformation monitoring points of the steel structure, and the temporary supporting position of each truss is used as one monitoring point.
Reverse construction of cantilever layer
When the cross-layer truss of the traffic body is constructed, the overhanging layer can be constructed synchronously, and the connection of the lower hanging beam and the through oblique beam between the overhanging layer and the truss needs to be constructed after the truss is unloaded. The top cantilever platform is constructed firstly, and then the bottom cantilever platform is constructed.
Nine, reverse installation of through oblique beam and lower hanging beam
After the bridge truss is unloaded, a connection oblique beam and a lower hanging beam between the cantilever layer and the bridge truss can be constructed, reverse construction is carried out along with the cantilever layer, the connection oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the upper cantilever layer and the bridge truss are constructed firstly, and then the connection oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the lower cantilever layer and the upper cantilever layer are constructed.
Ten, second unloading
And (4) after the cantilever layer structure is completely constructed, dismantling the temporary lattice column support with the upper layer cantilevered greatly, and unloading the structure for the second time to complete the unloading of the whole steel structure.
Reverse construction of bearing plate of eleven and ten buildings
The building carrier plate construction is gone on after the structure uninstallation, prevents that the deformation when the structure uninstallation from drawing the floor carrier plate surface course of splitting, and the floor carrier plate is followed "truss layer-upper strata and is encorbelmented layer-lower floor and encorbelmented the layer" and is done construction in the contrary.
In the split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method, actual measurement recording is carried out on an actual vertical deformation value of a monitoring point in the unloading process, the actual vertical deformation value is compared with a theoretical deformation value, if the deviation is large, follow-up unloading is suspended, the reason research strategy is analyzed, unloading construction safety is ensured, a plumb bob and a steel ruler are hung at the monitoring point, the vertical deformation of a component during graded unloading is simply and visually represented, and a rod piece with large stress change before and after unloading is selected for stress monitoring according to the simulation analysis of unloading working conditions.
In the split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method, the connection condition of each supporting point needs to be carefully checked before unloading in the unloading control process, and at the moment, the structure is ensured to be in a free state, additional constraint is not needed, and the fixed connection between a supporting system and a roof steel structure is avoided; however, to ensure the stability of the temporary support itself, and in particular the stability of the higher temporary support, the bracing of the support is preserved.
In the semi-reverse construction method of the staggered steel structure building, after axis alignment is completed in the axis adjustment process, a positioning steel plate is welded on the other side of the truss, the axis position of the truss is fixed, ground measuring personnel recheck the elevation of the truss and the base, a vertical jack on the leveling base vertically jacks the truss, after the truss reaches the installation elevation, a base plate is plugged in to complete alignment and positioning, the positioning steel plate and the lower chord steel beam are temporarily welded and fixed, and the jack in the leveling base is detached.
In the staggered floor steel structure building semi-reverse construction method, a convenient positioning structure is arranged in the installation process of lattice columns, the positioning structure comprises an underframe and an upper frame, one side of the upper frame facing the underframe is fixedly welded with an elongated block, one side of the underframe facing the upper frame is fixedly welded with a plurality of first fixed blocks at equal intervals, a fixed plate is fixedly welded at the center line of each first fixed block, the first fixed blocks are symmetrically provided with two clamping grooves by taking the fixed plate as a reference, the two clamping grooves are both connected with a connecting plate in a sliding manner, the top wall of the connecting plate is fixedly welded with a flat plate, and the flat plate is rotatably connected with a support column;
the fixed plate and two all seted up the bolt hole on the connecting plate, the common threaded connection of bolt hole has connecting bolt, the equal welded fastening of the symmetrical lateral wall of first fixed block has a plurality of springs, and is a plurality of the common welded fastening of the other end of spring has the arm-tie, welded fastening has the spacing post on the arm-tie, the lateral wall that spacing post link up the draw-in groove stretches out towards the draw-in groove is inside, set up on the connecting plate with spacing post assorted spacing groove, wherein be close to two each other the one end of keeping away from first fixed block of support column rotates jointly and is connected with the second fixed block.
In the split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method, the long block is internally provided with a matching groove corresponding to the second fixing block, the second fixing block and the matching groove are jointly provided with a through hole, and a threaded rod matched with the through hole is arranged in the through hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the main frame of the traffic body and the lower multilayer overhanging structure can be operated in parallel and three-dimensionally, the working hours can be saved by about 20 percent, the efficiency of work increase is increased, and the benefit of enterprises is increased.
2. The main frame structure of the traffic body is constructed by a sequential method, so that the closure of the main body is accelerated, and conditions are provided for alternate construction of subsequent processes.
3. The large cantilever staggered floor structure at the lower part of the traffic body is constructed by adopting a reverse construction method, so that the hoisting problem in a narrow space is solved, the measure investment is reduced, and the investment cost is reduced for enterprises.
4. The sub-system unit carries out structure unloading, releases the structural stress step by step, ensures that the structural node is stressed according to the design working condition, ensures the stability of the structure during construction, and avoids the potential safety hazard caused by collapse due to unstable structural stress.
5. Through setting up first fixed block and second fixed block isotructure, make at the in-process of lattice column installation, insert through two connecting plates and establish two draw-in grooves, can make spacing post enter into the spacing inslot and play preliminary spacing work to the support column under the effect of spring, avoid, cooperate second fixed block and microscler piece afterwards, make the lattice column be convenient for install, do not need artificial support, the aspect is swift.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first view of a positioning structure in the semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second perspective view of the positioning structure in the semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a positioning structure in the semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in a positioning structure in the semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a base frame 1, a top frame 2, a long block 3, a first fixing block 4, a clamping groove 5, a fixing plate 6, a connecting plate 7, a connecting bolt 8, a supporting column 9, a second fixing block 10, a bolt hole 11, a spring 12, a pulling plate 13, a limiting column 14 and a limiting groove 15.
Detailed Description
The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-5, a semi-reverse construction method for a split-level steel structure building comprises the following steps:
first, technical preparation
(1) Deepening the top-down-side-to-side construction drawing, calculating the construction load and simulating the distribution change of the unloading stress, and examining and approving the deepening drawing by a design institute and examining by an examining organization.
(2) And compiling an up-down construction scheme, and passing the audit by a design unit, a supervision unit and a construction unit and passing the argumentation of an organization expert.
(3) And calculating the mounting height of the lattice column, and processing and forming in advance.
Mounting of traffic body support
And (6) installing an embedded part. The steel column split heads are embedded in the raft foundation, the split heads height = the raft thickness-column foot goes out the raft mark height, adopts the angle steel, and the material Q235B is more than. In order to prevent the split heads from shifting and improve the positioning accuracy of the split heads when concrete is poured, a total station is adopted for reinforcing and positioning when the split heads are buried, the split heads are machined and manufactured on site, the deviation of the mounting accuracy is controlled within 2mm, angle steel supports are added, the split heads are guaranteed not to move during pouring, and the split heads are guaranteed to be mounted on site once.
And (5) installing a steel upright post. The factors of site construction environment, crane type selection, installation and transportation are comprehensively considered, and the steel column adopts natural segmentation in only one floor.
Third, temporary support lattice column installation
(1) Lattice column foundation construction
And designing the size and the burial depth of the lattice column foundation according to the maximum supporting weight of the steel structure bridge-connected supporting frame.
(2) Lattice column mounting
The temporary lattice supporting section is designed according to the size and the weight of an upper steel beam, each group of lattice columns is composed of four steel columns and batten strips, the upper base and the lower base are made of profile steel, and the distance between the bases can be adjusted according to the height of a floor and the height of a truss. The vertical column is generally made of a phi 159 x 10 round tube, and the web members are generally made of a P76x5 round tube, and the step pitch is 1.5 m. A lattice column material Q355B. The mounting height of the lattice column is calculated, h = truss lower chord elevation + arching height
Fourthly, leveling and unloading base installation
After the lattice column is installed, the base is installed at the top of the lattice column and fixed by bolts, and the jack is installed before the component is hoisted. After the base is installed, the elevation of the top is rechecked by a total station, and the error part is adjusted and eliminated by a base plate and structural arching.
Fifth, truss installation
(1) Simulation hoist and mount
The lower part of the truss is a main construction channel of a field, so that the hoisting sequence is reasonably arranged, and the occupied time of a road is reduced. And (3) simulating the hoisting process by using a BIM visualization technology, determining the crane station and the landing leg position, and identifying unsafe factors in the precaution process in advance.
(2) Truss framework folding butt joint
The truss piece hoisting machinery is selected according to hoisting weight and plane arrangement, a large-tonnage crane is generally adopted for main hoisting, a small-tonnage crane is generally adopted for auxiliary hoisting, a leveling base is adopted for quick positioning in the butt joint process, and the specifications of the vertical and horizontal jacks of the leveling base meet the jacking requirement.
(3) Measuring and positioning
And (3) discharging the boundary of the lower chord beam of the truss on the base at the top of the lattice column, welding a positioning steel plate on one side, measuring the top elevation of the base and the bottom elevation of the truss for checking, arching according to the design requirement, setting the top elevation of the base according to the sedimentation amount calculated by the simulation of steel structure unloading, and calculating and preparing a corresponding base plate.
(4) Truss hoisting
The main hoisting machine is used for hooking the top hoisting points of the trusses to hoist each truss, the auxiliary hoisting machine is used for hooking the bottom hoisting points of the trusses to hoist in an auxiliary mode, the main hoisting machine is used for height control, and the auxiliary hoisting machine is used for azimuth traction. When the truss rises to the top of the base, the auxiliary hoisting points are disconnected, and the truss is pulled by a rope manually on the ground so as to fall on the base and abut against the positioning steel plate.
(5) Support alignment
When the truss falls on the base, the main hoisting rope is loosened, the truss is located at a high-rise mark layer, opposite paying-off personnel use the laser marking instrument to mark the axis of a lower chord beam of the truss, the base is leveled to move horizontally, and axis alignment is carried out on the truss.
(6) Truss welding
And welding the truss and the butt joint end, and repeating the steps to finish the butt joint installation of all truss pieces.
Sixthly, mounting of web beam and edge beam
And after the truss framework is closed and butted, the web beam and the curved edge beam are installed.
(1) Size checking
And measuring the clearance size of the installed truss framework on site, and checking the machining size of the web beam. And scanning the installation section by adopting a three-dimensional scanner, fitting the BIM model of the curve boundary beam and the truss point cloud model in three-dimensional modeling software, and checking the size of the curve boundary beam.
(2) Steel beam hoisting
And hoisting the web beam and the curved edge beam by adopting a proper-tonnage truck crane.
(3) Steel beam connection
Most of the web beams of the steel structure connecting bridge are thick plate box type beams which are connected by high-strength bolts, and the curved edge beams are thin plate box type beams which are welded by fusion penetration.
Seventh, first unloading
(1) Offloading deployments
The engineering unloading scheme is realized according to the principles that the stress and deformation of the structural member are coordinated and balanced in the unloading process, the change process is mild, the structure is repeatedly and slightly lowered in a circulating way for many times, and the field construction operation is convenient, namely, the operation is divided into partitions, sections, equivalent, balanced and slow.
Offloading simulation analysis
And calculating the deformation amount of each stage of unloading according to the stress deformation of the structure and the thickness of the base plate drawn out every time, wherein the deformation amount is used as the basis for controlling the unloading process, the unloading is stopped immediately when the deformation amount exceeds the controlled deformation amount, and the unloading can be continued after the influence is checked and eliminated.
(3) Unloading control
In the unloading process, the supporting system and the finished structure system are stressed together, in order to ensure the smooth unloading, unified command is needed during the unloading, the synchronization is ensured, and the unloading is carried out according to the steps and the areas of the working condition analysis.
(4) Offloading monitoring
Before unloading, measuring the deformation of the monitoring points to obtain initial data, and tracking, measuring and monitoring in the unloading process; the unloading of the steel structure is monitored by measuring the deformation monitoring points of the steel structure, and the temporary supporting position of each truss is used as one monitoring point.
Reverse construction of cantilever layer
When the cross-layer truss of the traffic body is constructed, the overhanging layer can be constructed synchronously, and the connection of the lower hanging beam and the through oblique beam between the overhanging layer and the truss needs to be constructed after the truss is unloaded. The top cantilever platform is constructed firstly, and then the bottom cantilever platform is constructed.
Nine, reverse installation of through oblique beam and lower hanging beam
After the bridge truss is unloaded, a connection oblique beam and a lower hanging beam between the cantilever layer and the bridge truss can be constructed, reverse construction is carried out along with the cantilever layer, the connection oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the upper cantilever layer and the bridge truss are constructed firstly, and then the connection oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the lower cantilever layer and the upper cantilever layer are constructed.
Ten, second unloading
And (4) after the cantilever layer structure is completely constructed, dismantling the temporary lattice column support with the upper layer cantilevered greatly, and unloading the structure for the second time to complete the unloading of the whole steel structure.
Reverse construction of bearing plate of eleven and ten buildings
The building carrier plate construction is gone on after the structure uninstallation, prevents that the deformation when the structure uninstallation from drawing the floor carrier plate surface course of splitting, and the floor carrier plate is followed "truss layer-upper strata and is encorbelmented layer-lower floor and encorbelmented the layer" and is done construction in the contrary.
Twelve steps of coating
The coating of the steel member requires excellent weather resistance, ultraviolet aging resistance, good water vapor permeability resistance, scratch resistance, wear resistance, self-cleaning property, environmental protection and other comprehensive properties, and construction is carried out according to a design method.
The method comprises the steps of actually measuring and recording an actual vertical deformation value of a monitoring point in the unloading monitoring process, comparing the actual vertical deformation value with a theoretical deformation value, suspending subsequent unloading if the deviation is large, analyzing reason research strategies, ensuring unloading construction safety, hanging a plumb bob and a steel ruler at the monitoring point, simply and visually representing vertical deformation of a component during graded unloading, and selecting a rod piece with large stress change before and after unloading for stress monitoring according to unloading condition simulation analysis.
Carefully checking the connection condition of each supporting point before unloading in the unloading control process, ensuring that the structure is in a free state at the moment, and avoiding the fixed connection between a supporting system and a roof steel structure without additional constraint; however, to ensure the stability of the temporary support itself, and in particular the stability of the higher temporary support, the bracing of the support is preserved.
After the axis alignment is completed in the axis adjusting process, a positioning steel plate is welded on the other side of the truss, the axis position of the truss is fixed, ground measuring personnel recheck the elevation of the truss and the base, a vertical jack on the leveling base vertically jacks the truss, after the truss reaches the installation elevation, a base plate is plugged in to complete the alignment and the positioning, the positioning steel plate and the lower chord steel beam are temporarily welded and fixed, and the jack in the leveling base is removed.
A convenient positioning structure is arranged in the mounting process of the lattice column, the positioning structure comprises an underframe 1 and an upper frame 2, one side of the upper frame 2 facing the underframe 1 is fixedly welded with a long block 3, one side of the underframe 1 facing the upper frame 2 is fixedly welded with a plurality of first fixed blocks 4 at equal intervals, the central line of each first fixed block 4 is fixedly welded with a fixed plate 6, the first fixed blocks 4 are symmetrically provided with two clamping grooves 5 by taking the fixed plate 6 as a reference, the two clamping grooves 5 are both connected with a connecting plate 7 in a sliding manner, the top wall of the connecting plate 7 is fixedly welded with a flat plate, and the flat plate is rotatably connected with a support column 9;
bolt holes 11 have been all seted up on fixed plate 6 and two connecting plates 7, the common threaded connection of bolt hole 11 has connecting bolt 8, the equal welded fastening of the symmetrical lateral wall of first fixed block 4 has a plurality of springs 12, the common welded fastening of the other end of a plurality of springs 12 has arm-tie 13, welded fastening has spacing post 14 on the arm-tie 13, spacing post 14 link up the lateral wall of draw-in groove 5 and stretches out towards draw-in groove 5 is inside, set up on connecting plate 7 with spacing post 14 assorted spacing groove 15, wherein the one end of keeping away from first fixed block 4 that is close to two support columns 9 each other rotates jointly and is connected with second fixed block 10.
The inside of the long block 3 is provided with a matching groove corresponding to the second fixing block 10, the second fixing block 10 and the matching groove are provided with a through hole together, and a threaded rod matched with the through hole is arranged in the through hole.
Although the terms of the bottom frame 1, the top frame 2, the elongated block 3, the first fixing block 4, the locking groove 5, the fixing plate 6, the connecting plate 7, the connecting bolt 8, the supporting column 9, the second fixing block 10, the bolt hole 11, the spring 12, the pulling plate 13, the limiting column 14, the limiting groove 15, and the like are used more frequently, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; it is against the spirit of the present invention that they should be interpreted as any additional limitation of the semi-reverse construction method of the split-level steel structure building.
Claims (5)
1. The split-level steel structure building semi-reverse construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
first, technical preparation
(1) Deepening an up-down-side construction drawing, calculating construction load and simulating unloading stress distribution change, wherein the deepening drawing is approved by a design institute and is inspected by a drawing inspection mechanism;
(2) compiling an up-down construction scheme, and passing the audit of a design unit, a supervision unit and a construction unit and passing the argumentation of an organization expert;
(3) calculating the mounting height of the lattice column, and processing and forming in advance;
mounting of traffic body support
Installing an embedded part; the steel column split heads are embedded in the raft foundation, the split heads height = the raft thickness-column foot goes out the raft mark height, use the angle steel, the material Q235B is above; in order to prevent the split heads from shifting and improve the positioning accuracy of the split heads when concrete is poured, a total station is adopted for reinforcing and positioning when the split heads are embedded, the split heads are processed and manufactured on site, the deviation of the mounting accuracy is controlled within 2mm, angle steel supports are added, the split heads are ensured not to move during pouring, and the split heads are ensured to be mounted in place at one time on site;
mounting a steel upright post; the factors of site construction environment, crane type selection, installation and transportation are comprehensively considered, and the steel column adopts natural segmentation in only one floor;
third, temporary support lattice column installation
(1) Lattice column foundation construction
Designing the size and the burial depth of a lattice column foundation according to the maximum supporting weight of the steel structure bridge connecting support frame;
(2) lattice column mounting
The temporary support section of the lattice column is designed according to the size and the weight of an upper steel beam, each group of lattice column consists of four steel columns and batten strips, upper and lower bases are made of profile steel, and the distance between the bases can be adjusted according to the height of a floor and the height of a truss; the upright posts are generally phi 159 x 10 round tubes, the web members are generally P76x5 round tubes, and the step pitch is 1.5 m; a lattice column material Q355B; the mounting height of the lattice column is calculated, h = truss lower chord elevation + arching height
Fourthly, leveling and unloading base installation
After the lattice column is installed, installing the base at the top of the lattice column, fixing the base by using bolts, and installing a jack before the component is hoisted; after the base is installed, the elevation of the top is rechecked by a total station, and the error part is adjusted and eliminated by a base plate and structural arching;
fifth, truss installation
(1) Simulation hoist and mount
The lower part of the truss is a main construction channel of a field area, so that the hoisting sequence is reasonably arranged, and the occupied time of a road is reduced; simulating the hoisting process by using a BIM visualization technology, determining the crane station and the support leg position, and identifying unsafe factors in the precaution process in advance;
(2) truss framework folding butt joint
The truss piece hoisting machine is selected according to hoisting weight and plane arrangement, a large-tonnage crane is generally adopted for main hoisting, a small-tonnage crane is generally adopted for auxiliary hoisting, a leveling base is adopted for quick positioning in the butt joint process, and the specifications of the vertical jack and the horizontal jack of the leveling base meet the jacking requirement;
(3) measuring and positioning
The method comprises the following steps of (1) discharging the boundary of a lower chord beam of a truss on a base at the top of a lattice column, welding a positioning steel plate on one side, measuring the top elevation of the base and the bottom elevation of the truss for checking, arching according to design requirements, setting the top elevation of the base according to the simulated calculation settlement of unloading of a steel structure, and calculating and preparing a corresponding base plate;
(4) truss hoisting
The method comprises the following steps that a main hoisting machine is adopted to hook a top hoisting point of a truss to hoist each truss, an auxiliary hoisting machine hooks a bottom hoisting point of the truss to carry out auxiliary hoisting, the main hoisting is in charge of height control, and the auxiliary hoisting is in charge of azimuth traction; when the truss rises to the top of the base, the auxiliary hoisting point is disconnected, the truss is manually pulled by a rope on the ground, and the truss falls on the base and abuts against the positioning steel plate;
(5) support alignment
When the truss falls on the base, the main hoisting ropes are loosened, the truss is located at a high marking layer, opposite paying-off personnel use a laser marking instrument to mark the axis of a lower chord beam of the truss, the base is leveled to move horizontally, and the axis of the truss is adjusted;
(6) truss welding
Welding the truss and the butt joint end, and repeating the steps to complete the butt joint installation of all truss pieces;
sixthly, mounting of web beam and edge beam
After the truss framework is closed and butted, mounting the web beam and the curved edge beam;
(1) size checking
Measuring the clearance size of the field truss framework after the installation is finished, and checking the machining size of the web beam; scanning the installation section by using a three-dimensional scanner, fitting a BIM (building information modeling) model of the curve boundary beam and a truss point cloud model in three-dimensional modeling software, and checking the size of the curve boundary beam;
(2) steel beam hoisting
Hoisting the web beam and the curved edge beam by adopting a proper-tonnage truck crane;
(3) steel beam connection
Most of the web girders of the steel structure connecting bridge are thick plate box girders and are connected by high-strength bolts, and the curved edge girders are thin plate box girders and are welded by penetration welding;
seventh, first unload
(1) Offloading deployments
The engineering unloading scheme is realized according to the principles that the stress and deformation of a structural member are coordinated, balanced, the change process is mild, the structure is repeatedly and slightly lowered circularly for many times in the unloading process, and the field construction operation is convenient, namely, the operation is divided into areas, sections, equivalent, balanced and slow;
(2) offloading simulation analysis
Calculating the deformation of each stage of unloading according to the stress deformation of the structure and the thickness of the base plate drawn out each time, wherein the deformation is used as the basis for controlling the unloading process, the unloading is stopped immediately when the deformation exceeds the controlled deformation, and the unloading can be continued after the influence is checked and eliminated;
(3) unloading control
In the unloading process, the supporting system and the finished structure system are stressed together, in order to ensure the smooth unloading, unified command is needed during the unloading, the synchronization is ensured, and the unloading is carried out according to the steps and areas of the working condition analysis;
(4) offloading monitoring
Before unloading, measuring the deformation of the monitoring points to obtain initial data, and tracking, measuring and monitoring in the unloading process; the unloading of the steel structure is monitored by measuring steel structure deformation monitoring points, and the temporary supporting position of each truss is used as one monitoring point;
reverse construction of overhanging layer
When the cross-layer truss of the traffic body is constructed, the overhanging layer can be constructed synchronously, and the connection of the lower hanging beam and the through oblique beam between the overhanging layer and the truss needs to be constructed after the truss is unloaded; the reverse construction of the cantilever layer is realized, an upper cantilever platform is constructed firstly, and then a lower cantilever platform is constructed;
nine, reverse installation of through oblique beam and lower hanging beam
After the bridge truss is unloaded, constructing a connecting oblique beam and a lower hanging beam between the cantilever layer and the bridge truss, performing reverse construction along with the cantilever layer, constructing the connecting oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the upper cantilever layer and the bridge truss, and constructing the connecting oblique beam and the lower hanging beam between the lower cantilever layer and the upper cantilever layer;
ten, second unloading
After the cantilever layer structure is completely constructed, removing the temporary lattice column support with the large cantilever on the upper layer, and carrying out secondary structure unloading to finish the unloading of the integral steel structure;
reverse construction of bearing plate of eleven and ten buildings
The construction of the floor bearing plate is carried out after the structure is unloaded, the deformation and the tearing of the floor bearing plate surface layer during the structure unloading are prevented, and the floor bearing plate is constructed in a reverse mode along with the truss layer, the upper overhanging layer and the lower overhanging layer;
twelve steps of coating
The coating of the steel member requires excellent weather resistance, ultraviolet aging resistance, good water vapor permeability resistance, scratch resistance, wear resistance, self-cleaning property, environmental protection and other comprehensive properties, and construction is carried out according to a design method;
the lattice column mounting structure comprises an underframe (1) and a top frame (2), wherein a long block (3) is fixedly welded on one side, facing the underframe (1), of the top frame (2), a plurality of first fixed blocks (4) are fixedly welded on one side, facing the top frame (2), of the underframe (1) at equal intervals, a fixed plate (6) is fixedly welded on the center line of each first fixed block (4), the first fixed blocks (4) are symmetrically provided with two clamping grooves (5) by taking the fixed plate (6) as a reference, connecting plates (7) are respectively connected in the two clamping grooves (5) in a sliding mode, top walls of the connecting plates (7) are fixedly welded with flat plates, and the flat plates are rotatably connected with supporting columns (9);
fixed plate (6) and two bolt hole (11) have all been seted up on connecting plate (7), the common threaded connection of bolt hole (11) has connecting bolt (8), the equal welded fastening of the symmetrical lateral wall of first fixed block (4) has a plurality of springs (12), and is a plurality of the common welded fastening of the other end of spring (12) has arm-tie (13), welded fastening has spacing post (14) on arm-tie (13), lateral wall that spacing post (14) link up draw-in groove (5) stretches out towards draw-in groove (5) inside, set up on connecting plate (7) with spacing post (14) assorted spacing groove (15), wherein be close to two each other the common rotation of the one end of keeping away from first fixed block (4) of support column (9) is connected with second fixed block (10).
2. The semi-retroacting construction method of the staggered floor steel structure building according to claim 1, wherein in the unloading monitoring process, actual vertical deformation values of monitoring points are actually measured and recorded in the unloading process, the actual vertical deformation values are compared with theoretical deformation values, subsequent unloading is suspended if the deviation is large, reason research measures are analyzed, unloading construction safety is ensured, a plumb bob and a steel ruler are hung at the monitoring points, vertical deformation of the member during graded unloading is simply and visually represented, simulation analysis is performed according to unloading conditions, and a rod piece with large stress change before and after unloading is selected for stress monitoring.
3. The semi-reverse construction method of the staggered floor steel structure building according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection condition of each supporting point is carefully checked before unloading in the unloading control process, and at the moment, the structure is ensured to be in a free state without additional constraint, so as to avoid the fixed connection between the supporting system and the roof steel structure; however, to ensure the stability of the temporary support itself, and in particular the stability of the higher temporary support, the bracing of the support is preserved.
4. The semi-reverse construction method of the staggered floor steel structure building according to claim 1, characterized in that after axis alignment is completed in the axis adjustment process, a positioning steel plate is welded on the other side of the truss, the axis position of the truss is fixed, ground measurement personnel recheck the elevation of the truss and the base, a vertical jack on the leveling base vertically jacks the truss, after the truss reaches the installation elevation, a base plate is plugged in to complete alignment and positioning, the positioning steel plate and the lower chord steel beam are temporarily welded and fixed, and the jack in the leveling base is removed.
5. The semi-reverse construction method of the staggered floor steel structure building according to claim 1, characterized in that a matching groove corresponding to the second fixing block (10) is formed in the elongated block (3), the second fixing block (10) and the matching groove are jointly provided with a through hole, and a threaded rod matched with the through hole is arranged in the through hole.
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