CN113089844A - Space grid construction process carried out by combining existing building with sliding - Google Patents
Space grid construction process carried out by combining existing building with sliding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113089844A CN113089844A CN202110259764.2A CN202110259764A CN113089844A CN 113089844 A CN113089844 A CN 113089844A CN 202110259764 A CN202110259764 A CN 202110259764A CN 113089844 A CN113089844 A CN 113089844A
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- sliding
- net rack
- splicing
- existing building
- welding
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/342—Structures covering a large free area, whether open-sided or not, e.g. hangars, halls
Abstract
The invention discloses a spatial grid construction process by combining the sliding of the existing building, which comprises the following steps: step one, splicing an operation platform: setting an area by taking the top layer of an existing building as a base layer, forming an operation platform in the area, splicing n net rack units on the operation platform to form a space grid, wherein n is a natural number more than or equal to 2; and secondly, constructing a slide rail: laying slide rails by taking connecting beams of an existing building as a bottom layer, wherein the slide rails are used for sliding the net rack units; thirdly, splicing the net racks: splicing the net rack units one by one from one end of the space grid in sequence; still include sliding of rack in the concatenation of rack, sliding of rack specifically is: after the splicing of one net rack unit or the splicing of one net rack unit and an adjacent net rack unit is completed, the spliced net rack units or spliced space grids are driven to slide along the slide rails by utilizing pushing equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction, and particularly relates to a space grid construction process by utilizing the combination of existing buildings and slippage.
Background
The large-span space grid structure is a great progress in the civil engineering structure field since 20 centuries in China. The spatial grid structure has the advantages of light dead weight, convenience for industrial production, good rigidity, attractive appearance and the like, so that the spatial grid structure is rapidly popularized and applied internationally since the appearance of the 20 th century in the 60 th, and the orthogonal and inclined plane truss system net rack with a steel structure is already adopted when a capital gymnasium is built in 1968 in China. The reform is open, and the large-span space network frame is more widely applied in gymnasiums and factory buildings. Along with the development of Chinese social economy, the requirements of people on the shape and the practicability of buildings are higher originally, particularly, some landmark buildings have unique architectural appearance and architectural style, which puts great demands on the structure of the buildings and provides wider application for steel structures.
The welded ball net rack adopted by the large-space roof structure in the building has limited space at the bottom of the net rack in the building and larger size, so that the installation of the net rack can not be constructed by using modes of integral lifting, integral hoisting and the like, and the construction is carried out by erecting full supports, which is not allowed in terms of economy and construction period; the construction by adopting the sliding method requires erecting an operation platform for splicing because the roof is higher; in order to reduce the cost of platform erection and save the construction period, and simultaneously, from the safety perspective, the roof of a building is used as a part of a splicing platform, and the sliding slide rail can be fixed on a connecting beam between the frame columns.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art and realize comprehensive consideration of construction period and economy, the invention utilizes the top layer of a building to form operation platforms respectively, and the splicing units are slid to splicing positions by matching with slide rails and utilizing the sliding technology, thereby realizing the full utilization of the existing building.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the invention is realized by the following technical means.
The space grid construction process by utilizing the existing building in combination with sliding comprises the following steps:
step one, splicing an operation platform: setting an area by taking the top layer of an existing building as a base layer, forming an operation platform in the area, splicing n net rack units on the operation platform to form a space grid, wherein n is a natural number more than or equal to 2;
and secondly, constructing a slide rail: laying slide rails by taking connecting beams of an existing building as a bottom layer, wherein the slide rails are used for sliding the net rack units;
thirdly, splicing the net racks: splicing the net rack units one by one from one end of the space grid in sequence;
still include sliding of rack in the concatenation of rack, sliding of rack specifically is: after the splicing of one net rack unit or the splicing of one net rack unit and an adjacent net rack unit is completed, the spliced net rack units or spliced space grids are driven to slide along the slide rails by utilizing pushing equipment.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the splicing of the first-step operation platform specifically comprises: on the top layer of the existing building, according to the design area of the operation platform, the top layer is used as a base layer, and the operation platform which is in accordance with the design area is formed by laying a jig frame unit on the base layer.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the present invention further includes extension and protection of the operation platform, specifically: and a framework is erected along the edge of the operating platform, a jig frame unit is laid in a combined manner, the framework extends outwards to form an external expansion working surface, and a protective guard perpendicular to the external expansion working surface is additionally arranged on the external expansion working surface.
As a further improvement of the invention, the length of the operation platform is greater than the span of the net rack units, the width of the operation plane is greater than the length of the net rack units, and the adjacent net rack units are spliced along the width direction of the net rack units.
As a further improvement of the invention, the second step of slide rail construction specifically comprises: a sliding rail beam layer is laid on the top layer of the existing building along the length direction containing the connecting beam, and two limiting structures are welded on the sliding rail beam layer to form a sliding rail.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the present invention further comprises fixing of the slide rail, wherein the fixing of the slide rail specifically comprises: and welding the slide rail on the existing building by utilizing the embedded parts in the existing building along the length direction of the slide rail.
As a further improvement of the invention, before the second step of slide rail construction, the method also comprises the steps of detecting the bearing capacity of the connecting beam of the existing building, and judging whether reinforcement measures are needed or not by calculating the bearing capacity.
As a further improvement of the present invention, when the strength of the connecting beam of the existing building is less than the bearing force of the grid frame in the sliding process, reinforcement measures are required, and the reinforcement measures specifically include:
and a reinforcing structure of a frame structure is additionally arranged at the bottom of the connecting beam through a scaffold process.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the third step of splicing the net racks specifically comprises: and n net rack units are spliced on the operation platform one by one, and when the splicing of one net rack unit is finished, the net rack unit is moved to the slide rail, and the welding of the adjacent net rack unit on the slide rail is finished.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the sliding process of the net rack, the bottom of each net rack unit is provided with a support which is fixed on a sliding trolley, and the net rack units slide along a slide rail through the sliding trolley.
As a further improvement of the invention, a deviation correcting device is arranged on the sliding trolley, and the support realizes the deviation correction in the supporting and sliding processes through the deviation correcting device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by utilizing the top layer structure of the existing building, the economic waste caused by integral hoisting and lifting is reduced, meanwhile, the construction is directly carried out on the top layer of the building, the hoisting and lifting cost is lower, the construction is safer, and meanwhile, the later integral hoisting and the like are avoided, so that the construction period is shorter.
In the invention, as the slide rail is arranged on the top layer of the building, the slide gradient is smaller in equal proportion, compared with the integral long-distance slide, the safety is higher, the slide cost is lower, the platform erection cost is lower, and meanwhile, a foundation does not need to be formed on the ground, so that the comprehensive consideration is realized, and the economic cost is higher.
Compared with a sectional type assembling technology, the invention adopts the pushing to replace a crane, has stronger applicability to a space grid structure with large span and heavy mass, and can meet special environments such as narrow access roads, limited operation space and the like. Owing to need not integral hoisting, can be with a plurality of body of rod and welding ball hoist and mount to the platform, be under construction on the platform of eminence, and then construction cost etc. are more economical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an operating platform provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the operation platform provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a reinforcing structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the slide rail provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the slide rail provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pushing structure provided in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sliding cart provided by the present invention;
in the figure:
100. an existing building; 200. an operating platform; 300. a slide rail; 310. a sliding rail beam layer; 320. a limiting structure; 330. embedding parts; 400. connecting the beams; 500. reinforcing the structure; 600. a spatial grid; 610. a rack unit; 620. a support; 700. a sliding trolley; 710. a deviation correcting device; 720. a side slide rail; 800. pushing equipment; 900. and (4) sliding the jig frame.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the present embodiment, the description of the construction is made in the following general steps.
The space grid construction process by utilizing the existing building in combination with sliding comprises the following steps:
step one, splicing an operation platform: setting an area by taking the top layer of an existing building as a base layer, forming an operation platform 100 in the area, splicing n net rack units 610 on the operation platform 100 to form a space grid 600, wherein n is a natural number more than or equal to 2;
specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 2, in the top floor of the existing building 100, according to the design area of the operation platform 200, the top floor is used as a base floor, and a jig frame unit is formed on the base floor by laying wood boards and the like, so as to form the operation platform 200 according to the design area.
Further, the existing building may be one of a building in which foundation construction is completed, a building before reinforcing steel bar construction, a building after pouring, or a building in which construction is completed. At this moment, the concrete environment of construction site and space grid can be combined for selection, for example, for stadium and the like, a building before steel bar construction or a building after pouring can be utilized, the height of the building meets the requirement at this moment, an operation platform is laid directly on the design height, and the building can be directly slid to the position of construction design without the adjustment of final height. And for the later-stage reconstruction of the building and the like, the building to be reconstructed can be selected and constructed.
Further, in order to ensure construction safety, satisfy operation platform's size, when existing building roof area is less or can't satisfy the requirement, still include operation platform's extension and protection, specifically be: and a framework is erected along the edge of the operating platform, a jig frame unit is laid in a combined manner, the framework extends outwards to form an external expansion working surface, and a protective guard perpendicular to the external expansion working surface is additionally arranged on the external expansion working surface.
In this embodiment, in particular, the frame may be welded along the outer edge and then a wooden plate may be laid on the frame to form the flared working surface.
In order to ensure that there is sufficient space of assembling, operation platform's length is greater than the span of rack unit, operation plane's width is greater than the length of rack unit, and follow the width direction of rack unit realizes the concatenation of adjacent rack unit. Specifically, the area of each operation platform is larger than that of a single frame unit, and each frame unit can move to the sliding unit after being spliced, so that the operation platform can be idle to facilitate splicing of the next frame unit.
The second step, the detection of even roof beam intensity, in this embodiment, the slide rail is laid on even roof beam, so need carry out even roof beam bearing capacity and detect, when its bearing capacity is too little, through at the bottom, correspond the frame construction that the position increased the scaffold frame and connect to realize supporting and strengthening.
Referring to fig. 3, in particular, an assembly and sliding operation platform 200 and a sliding rail 300 are provided above an existing building 100, and a space structure is used because the bearing capacity of the sliding rail 300 is limited, and a support frame body is provided between a building top floor and a building bottom floor or an intermediate floor below the sliding rail 300, and constitutes the whole reinforcement structure 500.
Thirdly, constructing a slide rail: laying slide rails by taking connecting beams of an existing building as a bottom layer, wherein the slide rails are used for sliding the net rack units;
specifically, referring to fig. 1-2 and 4-5, the second step of slide rail construction specifically includes: the sliding rail 300 is arranged on the top layer of the existing building 100 along the length direction containing the connecting beam 400, specifically, the sliding rail comprises a paved sliding rail beam layer 310, and two limiting structures 320 are welded on the sliding rail beam layer 310 to form the sliding rail.
Furthermore, the length direction of the connecting beam is the length direction of the whole space grid, and then the whole space grid slowly pushes and slides from one end of the connecting beam until the whole space grid structure slides to the connecting beam, so that pushing is completed.
In order to ensure the safety in construction and avoid sliding out of the sliding rail 300 during sliding, the method further comprises fixing the sliding rail 300, wherein the fixing of the sliding rail 300 specifically comprises: along the length direction of the slide rail 300, the slide rail 300 is welded to the existing building 100 by using the embedded part 330 in the existing building 100. Fourthly, splicing the net racks: referring to fig. 7, the rack units 610 are sequentially spliced one by one from one end of the spatial grid 600;
specifically, still include the slip of rack in the concatenation of rack, the slip of rack specifically is: after the splicing of one net rack unit 610 is completed or one net rack unit 610 is spliced with an adjacent net rack unit 610, the spliced net rack unit 610 or the spliced space grid 600 is driven to slide along the slide rail 300 by the pushing device 800 along the slide rail 300.
Specifically, the third step of splicing the net racks specifically comprises: referring to fig. 6, n net rack units 610 are spliced one by one on the operation platform 100, and each time one net rack unit 610 is spliced, the net rack unit is moved to the slide rail 300 by the sliding jig 900 arranged on the operation platform 100, and the welding of the net rack unit 610 adjacent to the adjacent net rack unit 610 on the slide rail 300 is completed.
During specific construction, in the slippage of rack, every the rack unit 610 bottom all is provided with support 620, support 620 is fixed in on the dolly 700 that slides, rack unit 610 realizes sliding along slide rail 300 through dolly 700 that slides.
Referring to fig. 7, in order to ensure the sliding direction, a deviation correcting device 710 is arranged on the sliding trolley 700, and the support 620 realizes the deviation correction in the supporting and sliding processes through the deviation correcting device 710.
Specifically, the sliding trolley 700 comprises a trolley body, a containing cavity is arranged on the trolley body, the deviation rectifying unit 710 is a turntable unit, and balls are arranged at the bottom of the turntable unit and are in contact with the inner wall of the containing cavity.
And in the sliding of the net rack, the sliding distance of the spliced net rack units or spliced space grids along the sliding rail is the length of the longitudinal span of the net rack units.
Further, the side rail 720 is further arranged on the upper side of the sliding trolley 700, and the side rail 720 can contact with the inside of the sliding rail 300 when the sliding trolley deviates, so that the purposes of increasing friction and preventing jamming are achieved.
Example 2
In the present embodiment, specific construction is taken as an example, and detailed description is given.
The process of the invention has the characteristics that:
1. quality is easy to control
The net rack is installed on the erected installation platform (namely the operation platform 200), so that high-altitude assembly is reduced, and the net rack precision is better controlled. When the upper chord and the lower chord of the net rack are installed, the welding balls are fixed by using a steel pipe scaffold jig, temporary fixing measures are adopted, temporary installation units are diffused afterwards, and the axes are positioned one by one.
2. Structurally safe and stable
The sliding slide rail 300 is made of channel steel, and two sides of the channel steel are connected with the embedded part of the support 620 in a welding mode through side baffles, so that the possibility of movement and deformation of the slide rail is reduced. The roof is utilized to reduce the erection height of the splicing platform, and the platform is more stable and safe.
3. The construction period benefit is obvious
The roof is utilized to reduce the erection height of the splicing platform, the construction period for erecting the platform is short, and the cost of related materials is low; the construction of sliding is assembled to the rack, installs on the platform, and one section of sliding is accomplished in the installation, and the back is carried out roof boarding installation in the one section of accomplishing that slides, and line production has shortened the time limit for a project greatly.
4. Application scope
It is suitable for construction of peripheral supporting net frame, especially for construction engineering of net frame roof with square or rectangular plane. The method is suitable for construction in narrow site, mountain area and other areas, and is also suitable for crossing construction. The utility model is suitable for the net rack with higher installation position, and the periphery of the net rack has structures such as available roofing.
5. Principle of the process
Designing a building platform utilizing a roof, checking the roof of a building, and reinforcing a steel pipe scaffold at a part with load exceeding the bearing capacity of the roof; and checking the connecting beam for paving the sliding rail to ensure that the stress requirement is met. The net rack is divided into sections reasonably, so that the net rack can meet the requirements of strength, rigidity, stability and the like in sections.
Building a splicing platform on the roof of a building, hanging small splicing units or rod pieces onto the platform, splicing net rack units on the platform, arranging guide wheels at two ends, pushing the small splicing units out of the splicing platform by a pushing device through a pulley block, sliding forwards for a certain distance, continuously splicing a second splicing unit on the splicing platform, sliding forwards together with the first splicing unit after splicing, splicing section by section and continuously sliding forwards until the whole net rack is spliced completely, and reaching an appointed position.
The technological process and the operational key points
1. Process flow
The concrete flow of the roof net rack sliding construction is explained as follows:
1. an assembly sliding jig frame is erected by utilizing a roof layer structure, and the width meets the splicing requirement of the net rack;
2. laying slide rails by using connecting beams between the frame columns;
3. assembling a first sliding unit (namely a first net rack unit) of a first area on an assembling sliding jig;
4. a hydraulic synchronous pushing sliding system is installed at a rear support ball of the sliding unit I and is debugged;
after debugging is finished, loading step by step according to the design jacking force until the sliding unit starts to slide;
5. after the pushing and sliding system is used for pushing and sliding the whole sliding unit for one span, the sliding is suspended;
6. assembling a second sliding unit (namely a second net rack unit) on the assembling jig frame, and connecting the second sliding unit and the second net rack unit into a whole;
7. after the assembly is finished, the pushing and sliding system is used for pushing and sliding the first and second integral sliding units for one span and then suspending sliding;
8. after the assembly operation of the third sliding unit to the fifth sliding unit is sequentially finished by the same method, the hydraulic synchronous sliding system is used for pushing the whole roof net rack to a designed installation position to finish sliding;
9. and integrally unloading the roof net rack to the designed elevation by using the jack to complete installation. At the moment, the trolley, the moulding bed and the like are dismantled, and the spliced space grids are jacked up by using the jack to move to the designed position.
The key points of the operation
First, preparation for construction
1. The variety, specification and quantity of materials used by the net rack, such as rod pieces, tennis balls, supports, brackets, purlins, high-strength bolts, slide rails, sliding trolleys, traction equipment and the like, meet the requirements of construction drawings, schemes and sliding requirements, and meet the corresponding standards of the current country.
2. According to the construction conditions of the project and the actual conditions of the construction site, a high-altitude slippage construction scheme of the net rack is compiled, a supervision unit is reported for approval, and detailed construction technology bottom-handing and safety technology bottom-handing are carried out on operators according to an approved construction scheme and relevant technical specifications.
3. And checking and calculating the bearing capacity of the net rack assembly platform, the bearing capacity of a floor slab under the platform and the bearing capacity of the sliding rail beam.
4. And (4) performing technical rechecking on the axis and the elevation of the net rack support and the levelness of the supporting top plate by combining civil construction records.
Secondly, the slide rail beam is arranged
1. Sliding rail beam bearing capacity calculation
And calculating whether the bearing capacity of the sliding rail beam in the span can bear the sliding dynamic load of the net rack, if the load requirement can be met, the sliding rail beam can be normally used, if the load requirement cannot be met, reinforcing measures need to be taken, and a full-space support frame is adopted on the lower side of the sliding rail beam for back support.
2. Mounting of sliding rail
The sliding slide rail structure plays a role in bearing, guiding and transversely limiting the horizontal displacement of the support in the sliding process of the steel structure. Concrete columns and connecting beams are paved with channel steel to serve as sliding slide rails, the sliding slide rails are made of [16a ] channel steel, two sides of the [16a ] channel steel are connected with embedded parts in a welding mode through side baffles, the specifications of the side baffles are-20 x 40 x 150mm steel plates, and the side baffles are made of Q235B. The standard spacing of the side baffle plates along the sliding direction is 480 mm. See the following figures for details.
In order to ensure the levelness of the inner surface of the sliding rail, the obstruction in the sliding process is reduced, the sliding friction coefficient is reduced, and meanwhile, the side baffle of the sliding rail plays a role in directly resisting the pushing counterforce and the sliding precision control, so the following aspects are noticed in the mounting process of the sliding rail:
(1) mounting requirements of sliding rail
The sliding slide rail is a [16a channel steel slide rail made of Q355B; the bottom of the channel steel and a contact surface must be firmly cushioned to prevent the channel steel from deforming under pressure; carrying out deformation correction on the flatness of the slip surface; controlling the bending rise of the channel steel slide rail in the vertical direction to be 0 to +8 mm; manually derusting the inner surface of the channel steel slide rail, and polishing the inner surface of the channel steel slide rail smoothly; the height difference of the joint of each section of channel steel slide rail is zero by visual inspection, and the joint of a welding seam is polished to be flat; the contact surfaces of the inner surface of the steel channel before formal sliding and a sliding base (a steel sliding block) need to be uniformly coated with grease for lubrication; the height difference of the same channel steel slide rail is not more than 20mm per 10 m.
(2) Mounting requirements of side baffle of slide rail
In order to ensure that a sufficient contact surface exists between the sliding rail side baffle and the pushing support, the arrangement form of the sliding rail side baffle is strictly installed according to the design form of a drawing; the height of the welding seam between the side baffle plate of the slide rail and between the side baffle plate of the slide rail and the slide beam meets the design requirement so as to meet the use requirement of resisting the pushing counterforce; the initial mounting positions of the side baffles on all the slide rails are at the same axis position, and the initial point is reset at each axis position to reduce the accumulated error and meet the requirement of slippage synchronism; the installation error of the side baffles on two sides of the same slide rail is less than 1mm, and the distance error of the side baffles of the adjacent slide rails is less than 3 mm; the welding is strictly prohibited in front of the side baffle (in the sliding direction).
Mounting of secondary and sliding trolley
A sliding trolley is arranged at each support on the sliding rail, and the sliding trolley is fixed in front and back to prevent the front and back movement when the net rack is installed. In particular, the trolley is fixed relative to the rack unit, but can move along a slide.
Net rack jig frame installation
And (3) releasing a welding ball positioning line of the first sliding unit of the net rack according to a drawing, installing a positioning jig frame according to the welding ball positioning line, adopting double screws for a vertical rod of the jig frame, and placing a double-shear mechanical jack below the welding ball for adjusting the height of the welding ball.
Net rack splicing division
The net rack is subjected to three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis through finite element analysis software, and the net rack is subjected to slippage unit division, wherein the slippage unit division needs to pay attention to whether the stability, deflection, rigidity and the like of the net rack can meet the requirements.
1. Calculation of floor bearing capacity in assembly platform area
The weight of the maximum net rack sliding unit is 20t, loads are uniformly distributed in an assembling area when the net rack is assembled, and the loads are concentrated in a sliding rail area when the net rack slides.
(1) Floor uniform load calculation
The area of the splicing platform is 358m2The floor slab needs to bear 0.558kN/m2The load of the roof which is not accessible to people and communicated with the design is 2kN/m2，0.558kN/m2＜2kN/m2The floor slab does not need to be reinforced.
(2) Floor slippage and concentrated load calculation
The sliding concentrated load area of the net rack is the lower part of the slide rail, because a scaffold splicing platform is erected below the slide rail, the load is transmitted to two sides, the calculated width of the slide rail on one side is 2m, the concentrated stress area of the slide rail area is 22.8, and the concentrated load borne by the floor is 4.38kN/m2，4.38kN/m2＞2kN/m2Floor reinforcement is required. The reinforcement measure is that the lower part of the floor slab is provided with a full hall scaffold support, the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance La of the scaffold are 1m, and the step distance is 1.5m (the distance between a sweeping rod and the ground is 200mm, and the distance between the uppermost horizontal rod and a beam is not more than 400 mm).
Split platform computing
(1) Platform uniform load calculation
If the weight of the maximum net rack sliding unit is 20t and the area of the assembly platform is 358m2, the platform needs to bear 0.558kN/m2The conventional full hall scaffold can be erected, the transverse distance and the longitudinal distance La and Lb are 0.8m, and the step distance is 1.5m (the distance between a sweeping rod and the ground is 200mm, and the distance between the uppermost horizontal rod and a beam is not more than 400 mm).
(2) Platform sliding concentrated load
The net rack slippage concentrated load area is the lower part of the slide rail, and because a scaffold splicing platform is erected below the slide rail, the load is transmitted to two sides, the calculated width of the single-side slide rail is 2m, the bearing load is 4.38kN/m2, the horizontal distance and the longitudinal distance La of the full-length scaffold are 0.8m, and the step distance is 1.5 m.
Building assembly platform
(1) Setting up area
The length of the set up area is the span of the net rack, the working faces with the length of 1m are respectively expanded on both sides of the net rack, the guard rails are arranged, and the set up width is the span between the two supports, the welding lap joint area with the length of 2m, and the outer expanded working faces with the length of 1 m.
(2) Setting up method
The steel pipe splicing platform is erected in a full steel pipe scaffold mode, the splicing sliding jig platform is erected into two areas, namely a steel pipe encryption area and a non-encryption area of the splicing platform, the sliding rail area bears the large part of moment of the net rack and is a steel pipe encryption area, and the other areas are non-encryption areas.
The vertical distance between the vertical rods of the rack body in the encryption area is 0.4m, the transverse distance (row distance) is 0.4m, and the step distance between the large cross rods is 1.0 m;
the vertical distance between the upright posts of the frame body in the non-encryption area is 0.8m, the transverse distance (row distance) is 0.8m, and the step distance between the large cross rods is 1.0 m; the top end of the outward upright post is higher than the bed-jig platform by 1.5m to serve as a protective railing. The top of the vertical rod is provided with an adjustable palm support, the adjustable palm support is provided with double steel pipes as cross rods, the cross rods are provided with a layer of 60 multiplied by 80mm square wood with 200mm transverse spacing, and the square wood is paved with a template with the thickness not less than 50mm, namely the splicing platform bottom plate. The outer periphery and the inner part of the full supporting frame are longitudinally and transversely provided with 4 spans, and continuous vertical cross braces are arranged from bottom to top.
Assembling single grid units:
(1) putting balls: placing the checked and accepted welding balls into mounting nodes according to specifications and numbers, wherein the mounting nodes are designed positions for welding, each net rack unit comprises a plurality of rod bodies and welding requirements, and the plurality of rod bodies are formed by connecting the welding balls; at the same time, the ball should be adjusted to the direction and position of the force. The circumferential weld of the horizontal centerline of the ball is generally disposed in the equatorial direction. The ribbed side is on the upper half of the lower chord sphere.
(2) Placing a rod piece: arranging the prepared rod pieces according to design requirements, before placing the rod pieces, checking the specification and the size of the rod pieces, the gaps of grooves and welding seams, placing the rod pieces between two balls, adjusting the gaps, and tack-fixing.
(3) When each net rack unit is spliced, the assembly of the plane net racks starts from the central line and gradually expands towards the periphery to form a closed square grid, and after the size is controlled, the peripheral grids are spliced to be continuously enlarged. Note that the accumulated error should be controlled, and negative tolerances are generally preferred for the grid.
(4) And (3) welding the plane net rack, wherein a welding process and a net rack welding sequence are woven before welding to prevent the plane net rack from deforming.
(5) According to the welding process specification, arc striking is carried out at a position 20-30 mm from the left side of a central line measured below the steel pipe in the plane grid welding, welding is carried out rightwards, and welding positions such as overhead welding, main welding, climbing welding, flat welding and the like are gradually completed.
(6) The bulb welding is carried out by adopting an oblique sawtooth-shaped bar conveying method to prevent meat biting.
(7) And after welding the conveying strips to the center line of the round pipe, continuing to weld the arc-closing part of 20-30 mm forward.
(8) After the semi-circle is welded, arc striking is carried out again from the position 20-30 mm on the right of the center line of the lower side of the steel pipe, welding is carried out leftwards, the welding is carried out continuously forwards after the center line of the top part in the same process, the arc pit is filled, and the lap joint of the welding seam is stable so as to ensure the quality of the welding seam.
Assembling a net rack main body:
(1) checking and accepting the size of the plane net rack and the axis deviation condition, and continuously assembling the main body net rack after checking without errors.
(2) A small splicing unit with a ball and four rods (one ball is an upper chord ball, and the four rods are oblique web members of the net rack) is hung above the plane net rack.
(3) After the small splicing units are in place, the size and the rise of the grid and the angle of the inclined rod of the small splicing units are checked, the small splicing units are corrected firstly when the positions are not correct and the angles are not correct, and then the small splicing units are installed after the small splicing units are corrected to be qualified.
(4) When the lengths and the angles of the small splicing unit rod pieces are not consistent during installation, the overlong rod pieces are cut off by a cutting machine, then the groove is re-opened, and the small splicing unit rod pieces are in place again for inspection.
(5) If a network of backing tubes is desired, the welded backing tubes should be spot welded to the balls. However, the small assembly unit is not welded with the plane net rack temporarily, and can be welded in a fixed position after being matched with the upper chord member.
Assembling and welding the upper chord of the steel net frame:
(1) and (5) putting a longitudinal rod piece of the upper chord plane network, and checking whether the longitudinal position and the size of the upper chord ball are correct.
(2) The longitudinal and transverse members of the upper chord and the welding ball are correctly positioned by properly adjusting the inclined web members of the small three-dimensional splicing units. The method for adjusting the diagonal web members is to cut the overlong rod members and pull the angle of the diagonal web members open by using a chain block to make the rod members be positioned correctly. Ensuring the correct size of the upper chord grid.
(3) And adjusting the gaps of all parts, and spot-welding the upper chord member after the gaps of all parts are basically qualified.
(4) After the upper chord member is fixed, the welding seam of the lower chord ball and the diagonal member is spot-welded, so that the upper chord member and the diagonal member are firmly connected.
(5) The grid size is checked step by step and the process is advanced step by step. The installation of the net rack web member and the net rack upper chord member is carried out in a mutually matched way.
(6) After the installation of the rack is finished, the rack is checked and accepted according to the overall size of the strip or block for installing the rack.
And (3) ensuring the control measure of the overall dimension by installing the welding ball net rack:
(1) and (4) inspecting the positioning axis, the plane closed angle, the column distance position line, the position of the foundation bolt and the elevation of the building of the civil engineering unit, and starting construction after design change if problems exist. The anchor bolts need to be provided with thread protection measures.
(2) The top height is controlled to be about 10 mm.
(3) The position of the lower string ball is a standard for determining whether the size of the whole net rack is correct, so that the position is strictly controlled.
After the lower chord ball and the support are welded, a leveling instrument is used for leveling, corresponding elevations are determined according to different diameters of the balls, and the next step can be carried out without errors.
(4) The length deviation of each section of net rack is allowed to be 30mm after the net rack is welded; the deviation of the center of the support is 30 mm; the elevation deviation of adjacent supports is 15 mm; the deviation between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation is 30 mm; for a mid-support elevation deviation of 30 mm.
(5) In order to reduce errors and ensure that the whole size is correct, the straightness of the upper chord and the lower chord is verified during welding.
(6) In the process of welding the net rack in sections, a theodolite and a gradienter are respectively adopted to track and correct the axis position and the levelness of the net rack. The elevation of the lower chord of the part of the net rack needs to be rechecked at any time.
A grid frame assembling step:
1. tack welding
The method comprises the steps of firstly spot welding firmly after a component is in place, generally 2-4 parts are subjected to tack welding, before the tack welding, whether pipe ends are completely matched or not is checked, whether oil contamination impurities exist on two sides of a groove or not is checked, spot welding can be performed after the groove is cleaned, a tack weld is required to be welded thoroughly, the length of the tack weld is generally about 30mm, and the tack weld is not suitable for being too thick according to the pipe diameter.
2. Welding sequence
Welding sequence of each node: welding the chord member and the web member, and performing forming welding of each welding seam after the welding seam on the ball joint is welded by backing welding for the first time. So as to prevent welding stress concentration and make the net frame produce deformation. It is not allowed to weld the other half of the backing weld after forming one half of the same weld.
3. Electric welding process
The circular weld seam is formed by dividing the circular weld crater into two symmetrical semicircular weld craters by the vertical center of the steel pipe, and two joints are formed at the overhead welding position and the flat welding position according to the upward-vertical-flat welding sequence. In order to prevent welding defects at the overhead welding position and the flat welding position, the starting point of the overhead welding position and the welding point of the flat welding position need to exceed the half circumference of the pipe and exceed the central line by 5-15 mm during the first half welding, when the welding rod reaches the position of a welding joint of the tack welding, the forward movement speed of the welding rod is reduced, the joint part can be fully melted through, and when the conveying rod reaches the flat welding position (namely, the welding rod exceeds the central line), the arc extinguishing can be carried out after the arc pit is filled. In the latter half of welding, the bar conveying method is basically the same as that in the former half, but much attention must be paid to the bar conveying to the overhead welding and flat welding heads, and the overhead welding heads are easy to generate air holes during welding, so that the defects of penetration and the like are overcome, so that a part (about 10mm in length) of the original welding line at the welding start position is cut by an electric arc during joint, the welding line which is possibly defective is cut, and the formed gentle slope-shaped cutting groove is convenient for joint. When the welding is started from the rear end of the cutting groove and the bar is conveyed to the center of the joint, the arc is not allowed to be immediately extinguished, and the welding rod is required to be pushed upwards to penetrate through the root which is not melted so as to completely fuse the joint. When the flat welding head is used for welding, moderate current intensity is selected, when the welding rod is conveyed to a slightly inclined vertical welding position, the welding rod is inclined forward, top arc welding is kept and transversely swings slightly, when the welding rod is closed at a distance of 3-5 mm from the joint, the arc can not be immediately extinguished, the welding rod needs to be pressed inwards slightly, at the moment, the arc can be heard to be penetrated, the arc can be heard to penetrate through the root to generate sound, and the welding rod swings back and forth at the joint to prolong the retention time, so that sufficient fusion is ensured. Before arc quenching, arc pits must be filled, then the arc is led to one side of the groove for arc quenching, the bar transporting method for the second and third times is basically the same, and the method is mainly characterized in that the joint welding phase is overlapped by 10-15 mm to enable the joint to be in smooth transition and guarantee the size of a welding seam.
Electric welding requirements
(1) Before welding, a welder needs to clean oil contamination impurities at a welding part, check whether a tack weld is defect-free, and perform welding after the tack weld is cleaned if the defect exists.
(2) After the first backing welding is finished, the welding process needs to be carefully checked, whether welding defects exist is checked, and the second welding process can be started after the welding process is confirmed to be error-free.
(3) When the wall thickness of the rod piece is larger than 4mm during welding, the thickness of the welding seam is 1.2 times of the wall thickness. The wall thickness of part of the rod piece of the engineering is large, and the whole welding line is formed for 3-4 times. The first pass is backing welding, which is necessary to be welded through and is not allowed to have the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, cracks and the like. And after the welding is carefully cleaned and checked to be qualified, performing second welding.
The procedures of the subsequent times are the same, and the last time is forming welding. The formed welding line has the advantages of smooth surface, uniform welding wave, no slag inclusion, air holes, welding beading, meat biting and the like, and conforms to the specification of a secondary welding line.
Hydraulic sliding equipment installation
The model XY-HY-50 of the selected hydraulic ejector is rated at 50t of ejection force. The friction coefficient between the sliding base and the sliding slide rail is 0.15, and the load non-uniformity coefficient is 1.2; required total thrust force:
f1.2 × 0.15 × 85 15.3 t; 2 hydraulic jacks are arranged when the roof net rack slides, the total jacking force is 100t >15.3t, and the requirement of sliding construction is met.
And welding the sliding trolley with the supports, and installing hydraulic lifters at the supports on two sides.
Sliding of net rack
1. And checking whether the hydraulic ejector and the slide rail are in good condition again to ensure the safety and reliability of the sliding operation.
2. The personnel organization is in place, the labor division is clear, the clearing is carried out at the bottom of the trade, and the special personnel are arranged to carry out unified command.
3. And a scale is made on the side surface of the sliding rail to ensure that the sliding is synchronously carried out.
4. The sliding speed of the net rack is controlled to be 0.5mm/min, and the sliding of the two ends is asynchronously controlled to be within 50 mm. The moving distance of the net rack is measured by taking the existing concrete structure as a reference during sliding, and the deviation is timely corrected when the deviation is found to be overlarge.
5. The first sliding unit is fixed again in front of and behind the sliding trolley after sliding to the designated position, and the second sliding unit is prevented from moving when being installed.
And (3) quality control:
1. the key point of the control of the construction quality of the high-altitude slippage of the steel net rack is to ensure that the net rack is qualified in assembly, steady in slippage and accurate in positioning.
2. All the materials of steel, welding rods, bolt balls, rod pieces, high-strength bolts, brackets, supports, sleeves, conical heads, pin rods and the like which enter the field need to be certified and identified before leaving the factory, and have traceability. When the components are transported and stored, the components are ensured not to deform and damage the coating, and the components are stored in different regions according to the types and the installation sequence of the components.
3. Before the net rack is assembled, the positioning axis, elevation, support embedded parts and the like of the net rack are detected, and handing over and acceptance check are handled. The concrete strength of the sliding rail beam should meet the design requirements, and the allowable deviation should meet the standard requirements.
4. Before the components are installed, if deformation and defects are found to exceed the allowable range, the components should be replaced immediately. And (5) well recording construction records of field assembly and welding.
5. On-site operators must be strictly trained to accept construction technology and safety, and quality inspectors and welders must be certified.
6. Before the net frame slides, the net frame must be temporarily supported and fixed to form a space rigidity unit, and after the net frame slides in place, the temporary support frame is detached.
7. The engineering mainly checks whether the supporting frames, the lifting points and the traction equipment are symmetrical to the vertical and horizontal axes of the net rack, whether the lifting hooks are equal in height and whether the lifting ropes are equal in length, so that the net rack is ensured to be balanced, lifted and landed synchronously and slide stably. In the lifting process, the height difference value between the lifting hooks is less than 100mm, the sliding speed of the net rack is controlled to be 0.5m/min, the sliding of the two ends is asynchronously controlled to be within 50mm, and the net rack is ensured not to be contacted with lifting ropes, a support frame, a surrounding structure and the like.
8. Before the net rack slides, after the net rack slides in place and after the net rack installation project is completed, 3 times of flexibility value measurement and recording are carried out, and the flexibility value of the net rack is ensured not to be larger than 1/250 of the short span of the net rack all the time.
Safety measures
1. In the construction process, constructors must perform safety education on duty, make safety technology settlement and require the operators to strictly execute operation rules.
2. The safety belt is fastened by the overhead worker, the hard-sole shoes are strictly forbidden to be worn at high altitude, and the ground operator is bound to wear the safety helmet. And a warning line is arranged in the sliding operation range, and a specially-assigned person is arranged for nursing, so that the person is strictly prohibited from entering. The operator must wear the insulating rubber shoes, and the flammable and explosive articles must be out of the range specified by the fire source.
3. The erection of the sliding frame and the supporting frame must meet the safety requirement, the board picking needs to be laid stably, the board picking is used after being checked, and the high-altitude object throwing is forbidden.
4. A professional safety worker is arranged on a construction site and is responsible for daily safety inspection, hidden dangers are found and should be reported in time, and the site constructor and the team leader need to frequently inspect safety work. And during the installation of the net rack, non-constructors are forbidden to enter a construction site at will. The slide rail and the slide rail support frame should be welded firmly, and both ends slide the slide rail installation deviation horizontal direction and perpendicular elevation all not be greater than 2.0mm, and slide rail joint department does not allow the elevation error. The friction surface of the sliding slide rail is fully coated with grease, and the edges and corners of the front edges of the base plate and the baffle plate of the support are polished smoothly by using a grinding wheel so as to reduce the resistance such as friction.
5. And (3) adopting hydraulic pushing equipment to slide, controlling the sliding speed, and controlling the process per minute according to 0.5 m. In the sliding process, a specially-assigned person is arranged to install the retreating aid to prevent backward sliding.
6. Guarantee the rack synchronous slip, prevent that the rack warp. Progress scales are marked on the side faces of the sliding rails in advance, in the sliding process, a specially-assigned person is sent to observe the sliding process of the net rack, sliding is required to be stopped when the sliding synchronization difference is larger than 30mm, and sliding is carried out after adjustment is completed.
7. Considering that the net rack generates deflection, the support in the span direction generates horizontal thrust to the inside of the span, and therefore, the horizontal guide wheel is arranged below the support plate outside the channel steel to resist the horizontal thrust with less lateral friction.
Aspect of environmental protection measure
1. In the process of machining the steel structural member, steel is reasonably utilized so as to improve the utilization rate of leftover materials and reduce the consumption of materials such as steel and the like.
2. The welding process adopts advanced welding processes such as gas shielded welding and the like, and reduces the using amount of arc welding rods and smoke emission.
3. The training of construction workers is strengthened, and the comprehensive quality and environmental protection consciousness of the construction workers are improved.
4. Through the reasonable arrangement of the operation time, the influence of the construction process on the surrounding environment is reduced, the construction of strong-noise construction machines at night is avoided, and the noise pollution is reduced.
Benefit analysis
By adopting the construction of roof sectional sliding, compared with high-altitude splicing and sectional hoisting, the construction method can obviously save a large number of assembled scaffolds, reduce the investment cost of large-scale hoisting equipment and reduce the risks of high-altitude operation personnel and equipment.
The method creates conditions for safe production and civilized construction, simultaneously avoids the influence on other construction procedures caused by cross operation, shortens the construction period and improves the economic benefit.
Economic benefit meter
Social benefits
The construction method adopts a roof splicing and sliding mode to install the net rack, compared with the conventional installation mode, the construction method has the characteristics of convenience in installation, low installation difficulty, no need of large-scale splicing occasions and the like, saves a large amount of social resources, provides powerful guarantee for early completion of projects, and has important significance for subsequent net rack installation construction process and new technology development.
Examples of the applications
The total building area of the Ningxia Yinchuan cultural garden project melt media mansion is 37791.5m2, the building height is 75.8m, and 16 floors are totally formed; the skirt building is a multi-layer building with 3 layers, and the total building height is 17.1 m.
The large comprehensive art studio of the project is positioned on a skirt building, a roof structure adopts a double-layer welded ball node net rack, the plane size is 29.40m multiplied by 37.85m, the double-layer welded ball node net rack is positioned on a D-1/J axis multiplied by 4-8 line of the structure, a grid form is a square pyramid which is placed in a positive mode, a fulcrum form is a lower chord multipoint support, a support adopts a rubber flat support, the bottom elevation is +19.000m, the support ball center elevation is 19.750m, the main specification of a net rack rod piece is phi 60 multiplied by 3.5-180 phi multiplied by 14 is unequal, the specification of a welded ball is WS160 multiplied by 6-WSR 500 multiplied by 18 is unequal, the material quality of the net rack is Q355B, and the total weight.
Claims (10)
1. The space grid construction process by utilizing the combination of the existing building and the slippage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, splicing an operation platform: setting an area by taking the top layer of an existing building as a base layer, forming an operation platform in the area, splicing n net rack units on the operation platform to form a space grid, wherein n is a natural number more than or equal to 2;
and secondly, constructing a slide rail: laying slide rails by taking connecting beams of an existing building as a bottom layer, wherein the slide rails are used for sliding the net rack units;
thirdly, splicing the net racks: splicing the net rack units one by one from one end of the space grid in sequence;
still include sliding of rack in the concatenation of rack, sliding of rack specifically is: after the splicing of one net rack unit or the splicing of one net rack unit and an adjacent net rack unit is completed, the spliced net rack units or spliced space grids are driven to slide along the slide rails by utilizing pushing equipment.
2. The spatial grid construction process by using the existing building in combination with the sliding according to claim 1, wherein the splicing of the first-step operation platform is specifically as follows: on the top layer of the existing building, according to the design area of the operation platform, the top layer is used as a base layer, and the operation platform which is in accordance with the design area is formed by laying a jig frame unit on the base layer.
3. The spatial grid construction process using existing buildings in combination with skidding as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the extension and protection of the operation platform, specifically: and a framework is erected along the edge of the operating platform, a jig frame unit is laid in a combined manner, the framework extends outwards to form an external expansion working surface, and a protective guard perpendicular to the external expansion working surface is additionally arranged on the external expansion working surface.
4. The spatial grid construction process using the existing building in combination with the sliding according to claim 3, wherein the length of the operation platform is greater than the span of the grid unit, the width of the operation plane is greater than the length of the grid unit, and the splicing of the adjacent grid units is realized along the width direction of the grid unit.
5. The spatial grid construction process using the existing building combined with sliding according to claim 1, wherein the second step of sliding rail construction specifically comprises: a sliding rail beam layer is laid on the top layer of the existing building along the length direction containing the connecting beam, and two limiting structures are welded on the sliding rail beam layer to form a sliding rail.
6. The spatial grid construction process by using the existing building in combination with the sliding according to claim 5, further comprising fixing a slide rail, wherein the fixing of the slide rail specifically comprises: and welding the slide rail on the existing building by utilizing the embedded parts in the existing building along the length direction of the slide rail.
7. The spatial grid construction process using the existing building combined with sliding according to claim 1, wherein before the second step of sliding rail construction, the process further comprises the steps of detecting the bearing capacity of the coupling beam of the existing building, and judging whether reinforcement measures are needed or not through calculation of the bearing capacity.
8. The spatial grid construction process by using the existing building in combination with the sliding according to claim 1, wherein the third step of splicing the net racks specifically comprises: and n net rack units are spliced on the operation platform one by one, and when the splicing of one net rack unit is finished, the net rack unit is moved to the slide rail, and the welding of the adjacent net rack unit on the slide rail is finished.
9. The spatial grid construction process using existing buildings in combination with sliding according to claim 8, wherein in the sliding of the grid, a support is arranged at the bottom of each grid unit, the support is fixed on a sliding trolley, and the grid units slide along a sliding rail through the sliding trolley.
10. The spatial grid construction process using existing building combined with sliding according to claim 8, wherein the sliding trolley is provided with a deviation rectifying device, and the support realizes the deviation rectifying in supporting and sliding through the deviation rectifying device.
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