CN113046026B - 一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液 - Google Patents
一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其组分包括防冻剂30‑70%，挂壁剂3‑6%，有机防腐剂2‑5%，有机缓蚀剂2‑5%，有机表面活性剂0.2‑1%，余量为水；所述的防冻剂选自一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、缩二乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或两种混合物，挂壁剂采用动植物胶质类水性胶。将上述原料依次投入容器，在室温下搅拌均匀获得产品，用于防止煤炭冻结。本发明中防冻剂各组分均不含氯元素和无机盐，是一种低腐蚀性环保型煤炭运输防冻液，其性能符合国家铁道部行业标准TB/T 3208‑2008《散装颗粒货物运输用防冻液技术条件》要求，保证了防冻效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防冻液，具体而言，是涉及一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，可用于铁路煤炭运输、公路煤炭运输和煤场存储。
背景技术
铁路是我国煤炭运输的主要渠道，据统计，铁路对含水煤炭的发运量已接近总运量的70%以上。煤炭在采掘过程中需要对采掘面进行喷水降尘，这样采掘出的煤炭均含有一定的水分。另外，煤炭洗选后，煤炭中含有的水分含量大约为6.5%-18%，在北方寒冷的冬季，在煤场储存或运输途中会发生煤炭冻结在车厢上，如果不及时处理，一方面给火车运输的安全带来危险，另一方面给卸车带来了极大的困难，而且会造成煤场压车、压线或压港的问题，直接影响货主和铁路部门的经济效益。
目前，我国各煤炭企业均采用喷洒防冻剂来缓解冬季煤炭运输的冻煤问题。市场上使用的防冻液主要是氯化钙型防冻剂，由于氯元素是煤中常见的有害元素之一，在燃烧过程中主要转化为HCl排放进入大气中，酸化空气，危害人类健康、动植物健康及腐蚀车皮和喷淋设备。传统氯化钙防冻剂氯含量约64%，不仅超出了出口煤炭对氯含量的限制，而且会导致煤炭在后续应用中产生较大危害。 为了克服氯化钙型防冻剂存在的缺陷，公开号为CN110028933A的中国发明专利申请提供了一种无氯铁路煤炭运输防冻剂，主要由下列物质组成(按重量百分比)：甲酸钠20～28％；丙三醇5～15％；尿素8～10％；亚硝酸钠7～8％；碳酸钠2～3％；三乙醇胺硼酸酯2～3％；苯乙醇胺1～2％；聚乙二醇1～2％；苯并三氮唑0.1～1％；水40～50％。其总重量为100％。上述防冻剂虽然配方中未使用氯化物，但由于使用无机的醋酸盐和甲酸盐，仍对车厢和喷洒设备有一定的腐蚀性。
因此，为了减少环境污染，降低车厢和设备腐蚀，急需开发一种无氯、不含无机盐和低腐蚀性能的防冻剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，以进一步降低防冻剂对车厢和设备的腐蚀。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，按质量百分比计，其组分包括防冻剂30-70%，挂壁剂3-6%，有机防腐剂2-5%，有机缓蚀剂2-5%，有机表面活性剂0.2-1%，余量为水；所述的防冻剂选自一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、缩二乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或两种混合物，挂壁剂采用动植物胶质类水性胶。
进一步地，所述的动植物胶质类水性胶选自骨胶、鱼胶、皮胶、虫胶、黄原胶、明胶、西黄蓍胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、卡拉胶、琼脂和果胶中一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步地，所述的有机防腐剂为工业防腐剂聚苯胺。
进一步地，所述的有机缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑。
进一步地，所述的有机表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠或十二烷基三甲基溴化铵。
进一步地，将防冻剂、挂壁剂、有机防腐剂、有机缓蚀剂、有机表面活性剂和水依次投入容器，在室温下搅拌均匀获得产品。
本发明的另一方面，提供了所述的无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液用于防止煤炭冻结的用途。
与现有技术相比，本发明中防冻剂各组分均不含氯元素和无机盐，是一种低腐蚀性环保型煤炭运输防冻液，其性能符合国家铁道部行业标准TB/T 3208-2008《散装颗粒货物运输用防冻液技术条件》要求，保证了防冻效果。对金属金属材料的腐蚀性低，无毒、无污染，对作业人员及环境均无不良影响。
具体实施方式
本发明一种典型的实施方式提供的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，按质量百分比计，其组分包括防冻剂30-70%，挂壁剂3-6%，防腐剂2-5%，缓蚀剂2-5%，表面活性剂0.2-1%，余量为水。所述的防冻剂选自一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、缩二乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或两种混合物，挂壁剂采用动植物胶质类水性胶。
上述实施方式中，选用的防冻剂为一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚（又名聚乙二醇二环氧乙烷甲基醚）、缩二乙二醇二甲醚（又名二甘醇二甲醚或双(2-甲氧基乙基)醚二甘醇双甲醚），具有低冰点，无腐蚀性，能与水互溶，作为常规防冻剂乙二醇的替代物。
挂壁剂采用水溶性动植物胶，此类物质无色、无臭、无毒，无环境污染问题，附着力强，粘接强度高，可以在喷洒过程中增强挂壁性能，并且在低温下能够保存良好的稳定性，对防冻液起到增稠稳定的作用。所述的动植物胶质类水性胶选自骨胶、鱼胶、皮胶、虫胶、黄原胶、明胶、西黄蓍胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、卡拉胶、琼脂和果胶中一种或两种以上的组合。
所述的有机防腐剂为工业防腐剂聚苯胺。聚苯胺是一种新型共轭高分子材料，溶于水后喷洒在车厢上能够形成聚苯胺膜，一方面可以与挂壁剂中的羟基等含氧官能团反应可形成网络结构化合物，二者之间可以通过协同作用增强挂壁功能。另一方面，聚苯胺薄膜本身除了可以起到隔绝金属（如铸铁、钢、铜、铝等）与水或氧介质接触的作用，更重要的是聚苯胺的存在使得在金属和聚苯胺膜界面处形成一层金属氧化膜，使得该金属的电极电位处于钝化区，进一步对金属表面起到了协同增效的防腐蚀性能。
优选的实施方式中，所述的有机缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑，有机表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠或十二烷基三甲基溴化铵。
配制时，将防冻剂、挂壁剂、有机防腐剂、有机缓蚀剂、有机表面活性剂和水依次投入容器，在室温下搅拌均匀获得产品，用于防止煤炭在运输、储存过程中冻结。
下面通过一些实施例对本发明要求保护的技术方案作进一步说明。但是，实施例和对比例是用于解释本发明实施方案，并不超出本发明主题的范围，本发明保护范围不受所述实施例的限定。除非另作特殊说明，本发明中所用材料、试剂均可从本领域商业化产品中获得。
实施例1
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚50%，黄原胶5%，聚苯胺3%，苯并三氮唑1.6%，十二烷基磺酸钠0.4%，水40%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
实施例2
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按照一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚60%，瓜尔胶5%，聚苯胺2%，苯并三氮唑2%，十二烷基三甲基溴化铵1%，水30%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
实施例3
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按照缩二乙二醇二甲醚50%，西黄蓍胶5%，聚苯胺5%，苯并三氮唑2.5%，十二烷基磺酸钠0.5%，水37%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
实施例4
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按照缩二乙二醇二甲醚60%，琼脂6%，聚苯胺4%，苯并三氮唑3%，十二烷基三甲基溴化铵1%，水26%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
实施例5
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按照一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚30%、缩二乙二醇二甲醚40%，果胶6%，聚苯胺5%，苯并三氮唑5%，十二烷基三甲基溴化铵1%，水13%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
实施例6
按照用量比例（质量百分数）将称取物料，按照缩二乙二醇二甲醚30%，鱼胶3%，聚苯胺2%，苯并三氮唑2%，十二烷基磺酸钠0.2%，水62.8%依次投入到反应釜中，于室温下搅拌均匀，灌装产品，即得本发明防冻液。
对实施例1和2的防冻液冰点、低温稳定性、金属腐蚀率等各项性能进行了测定。低温稳定性在-25℃恒温箱中进行测定，静置168小时，要求无析出物，液体保持均一流体状；附着率由车厢表面模拟实验测定，选取5cm×3cm钢片，将0.1g试液均匀喷洒在钢片表面，垂直地面竖直放置1min测试液的流出量，计算附着在钢片表面试液质量，用该质量比试液总质量0.1g得到附着率结果。
以公开号为CN110028933A的专利文献中公开的无氯铁路煤炭运输防冻剂作为对比，以相同方法测定其性能。结果见下表：
根据表中数据可以得出，所述防冻液的粘度、冰点和腐蚀性性能均达到和超过对比例，且符合国家铁道部行业标准TB/T 3208-2008《散装颗粒货物运输用防冻液技术条件》要求，保证了防冻效果。
Claims (7)
1.一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于：按质量百分比计，其组分包括防冻剂30-70%，挂壁剂3-6%，有机防腐剂2-5%，有机缓蚀剂2-5%，有机表面活性剂0 .2-1%，余量为水；所述的防冻剂是一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚，挂壁剂采用动植物胶质类水性胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于：所述的动植物胶质类水性胶选自骨胶、鱼胶、皮胶、虫胶、黄原胶、明胶、西黄蓍胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、卡拉胶、琼脂和果胶中一种或两种以上的组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于，所述的有机防腐剂为工业防腐剂聚苯胺。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于，所述的有机缓蚀剂为苯并三氮唑。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于，所述的有机表面活性剂为十二烷基磺酸钠或十二烷基三甲基溴化铵。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液，其特征在于：将防冻剂、挂壁剂、有机防腐剂、有机缓蚀剂、有机表面活性剂和水依次投入容器，在室温下搅拌均匀获得产品。
7.权利要求1-6任意一项所述的无氯低腐蚀性煤炭防冻液用于防止煤炭冻结的用途。
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