CN113040009A - Screening and planting method for grassland pasture germplasm resources - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources, and relates to the field of methods for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources. The method for screening the germplasm resources of the grassland pasture comprises the steps of screening the pasture, collecting, preserving, evaluating and screening the germplasm resources of important plants such as the grassland leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the elymus pratense, the alfalfa beans, the lespedeza and the like, and the excellent leguminous plants which are suitable for being established on artificial grasslands under the environment conditions of drought and alpine regions or have competitive power on reseeding grasslands. The invention mainly researches the grass seeds and technical methods suitable for drought and alpine regions of our province, and the regions also have the characteristics of China in the drought and cold regions, so that the invention can form competitive advantages with domestic similar researches; the implementation of the method leads the technologies of pasture variety cultivation, pasture high-quality and high-yield cultivation and the like in arid and alpine regions of China to have strong advantages with international orbit, especially in the aspects of parent selection and dry farming cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of herbage germplasm resource screening, in particular to a method for screening and planting grassland herbage germplasm resources.
Background
In the aspect of pasture germplasm resource collection and evaluation, more than 30 dominant units of pasture germplasm resource research in China are combined by building a 'standard arrangement integration and sharing test point' project of pasture plant germplasm resources through a national scientific and technological resource platform, the most systematic basic work in the pasture germplasm resource field in China is carried out, and more than 90 description specifications and data standards of important pasture germplasm resources are established. Provides abundant research materials and information for the research of major projects such as China 863, China 973, national science and technology attack and customs, science and technology foundation work, national fund and the like. In the aspect of pasture breeding, 358 varieties have been examined and registered so far, but excellent pasture varieties suitable for large-area artificial grassland planting and grassland reseeding in arid and semiarid regions in China are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources, and the prior art lacks excellent pasture varieties suitable for large-area artificial grassland planting and grassland reseeding in arid and semiarid regions in China.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a screening and planting method aiming at grassland forage germplasm resources comprises the screening of forage, collecting, preserving, evaluating and screening the important plant germplasm resources of grassland leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, brome, elymus chinensis, meliitus ruthensis and lespedeza and the like, and excellent leguminous and gramineous forage varieties which are suitable for being built on artificial grasslands under the environment conditions of drought and alpine regions or have competitive capacity on reseeding grasslands are selected, so that the recovery of vegetation on deteriorated grasslands is accelerated, the structure and the nutrition ratio of natural grassland grasses are improved, and the production quality of grassland cattle and mutton is improved;
s1, collecting, storing, evaluating and utilizing the germplasm resources of the important plants in the grassland; namely, the collection, preservation, evaluation and utilization of important plant germplasm resources of the leymus chinensis, the agropyron cristatum, the brome, the elymus chinensis, the alfalfa bean, the lespedeza and the like;
s2, screening excellent germplasm resources by evaluating the stress resistance of a large amount of herbage germplasm resources; the method comprises the steps of establishing an adverse-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions and a standard variety suitable for adverse-resistant evaluation screening in the drought and cold regions in China by measuring morphological and physiological indexes under stress of plants; obtaining stress-resistant (drought, disease-resistant, cold-resistant and the like) high-yield parent material;
s3, carrying out high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technical research on the excellent pasture grass variety adapting to the grassland climate: aiming at the characteristics of a new strain of pasture, researching a corresponding high-quality high-efficiency cultivation matching technology, a new variety sowing technology, a water and fertilizer regulation and control technology, a dry farming cultivation technology, a pasture harvesting technology and the like, formulating a cultivation technical specification of the new variety, and establishing a high-quality high-efficiency cultivation technical system of the new variety;
on the basis of the collection and evaluation of grass germplasm resources, germplasm materials with excellent target characters such as drought resistance, cold resistance, high yield and the like are screened, strains and strains with relatively stable genetic characters are established to serve as excellent breeding materials, and efficient cultivation research is carried out on grass varieties adapted to grasslands under the conditions of drought and cold climates.
Preferably, a stress-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions is established by combining the measurement of morphological and physiological indexes of germplasm resources under stress of adversity; obtaining a stress-resistant high-yield parent material;
preferably, the method specifically comprises the following screening of varieties:
screening alfalfa dominant germplasm resources: using conventional breeding identification technology to comprehensively identify and evaluate breeding materials at home and abroad in the aspects of yield, drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and the like, and screening out a new alfalfa variety (line); the new alfalfa system is planted in drought and cold areas, and the yield of hay is superior to that of the local original promoted variety;
screening high-yield and high-quality resources such as alfalfa beans, lespedeza bicolor and the like: because the Melissitus ruthenicus seeds, the Lespedeza bicolor seeds and the like have strong cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for being planted in cold and drought areas, but the yield of the hay is low, a new material is provided for the improvement of the grasslands in the areas through quantitative analysis and screening of the quality of a large amount of germplasm materials, and the yield of the hay is superior to that of the local original popularized varieties;
screening potential germplasm resources such as leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, brome and elymus nutans: because the forage grasses such as the leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the sparrow and the elymus blume are strong in cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for planting in cold and arid regions, the stress resistance and the hay yield can be further improved through breeding, the collected domestic and foreign gramineous breeding materials are comprehensively identified and evaluated in the aspects of resistance, high yield and the like through laboratory identification and field identification, new varieties (lines) such as the cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, high-yield and high-quality leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the brome and the elymus blume which grow in cold and arid regions and semiarid regions are screened, the forage grasses are planted in the new regions, and the hay yield is superior to that of the originally popularized varieties in the regions.
Preferably, the screening method performs a combination study on the collected main wild grass germplasm resources, wherein the combination study comprises the following steps:
the grassland combination varieties are as follows: awn, leymus, wheatgrass and alfalfa;
the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting cell drilling, wherein the area of each cell is 5m x 6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the depth is 2-3 cm, and repeating is carried out for 3 times;
seeding rate: 0kg (CK), 1kg (A), 2kg (B), 3kg (C);
combining grass seeds: the Chinese herbal medicine feed comprises alfalfa (1), Chinese wildrye (2), wheatgrass (3), old Chinese silvergrass (4), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye (5), alfalfa + wheatgrass (6), alfalfa + old Chinese silvergrass (7), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass (8), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (9), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (10), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass + old Chinese wildrye (11), Chinese wildgrass + wheatgrass (12), Chinese wildgrass + old Chinese wildrye (13), wheatgrass + old Chinese wildgrass (14), Chinese wildgrass + ice + old Chinese wildgrass (15);
the same is planted in each month, and the planting is repeated for 3 times: A. b, C, respectively; 15 cells were planted each time: 1 to 15, corresponding to combinations (1) to (15); CK is a control cell; cutting roots and loosening soil during planting;
screening: the grass is screened in the planting plot with good growth vigor and high grass yield, and the salt resistance, alkali resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance are detected to screen out high-quality grass.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for screening and planting germplasm resources of grassland pasture, which is mainly used for researching grass seeds and technical methods suitable for arid and alpine regions in our province, and the grassland regions also have the characteristics of China in arid and cold regions, so that the method can form competitive advantages with domestic similar research; the implementation of the method leads the technologies of pasture variety cultivation, pasture high-quality and high-yield cultivation and the like in arid and alpine regions of our province and international inoculation, and particularly has strong advantages in parent selection and dry farming cultivation.
2. The invention provides a method for screening and planting grassland forage germplasm resources, which establishes an alfalfa stress resistance (drought, cold and the like) evaluation technical system in drought and alpine regions and a standard variety suitable for stress resistance evaluation screening, and simultaneously screens stress resistance (drought, cold and the like) high-yield high-quality forage germplasm according to the requirements of drought and alpine regions on high-quality forage new varieties such as drought resistance and cold resistance, and the like, and the method is used as a breeding material, lays a material foundation for subsequent breeding work, establishes a forage germplasm resource garden in the drought and alpine regions, and fills the blank in the field.
3. The invention provides a method for screening and planting germplasm resources of grassland pasture, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of high-quality and high-yield pasture varieties in arid and cold regions, improve the pasture production system in the arid and cold regions, promote the standardized, large-scale and localization process of pasture production, promote the virtuous cycle and development of the grass industry, increase the economic income of farmers and herdsmen and promote the development of local economy. Meanwhile, the achievement formed after the project is completed can promote a batch of high and new technology enterprises of the grass industry which combines the research and the production, thereby driving the development of the related industries of the forage grass processing industry, the mechanical manufacturing industry, the grass product processing industry, the transportation industry and the like, increasing the social employment opportunity and promoting the social stability.
4. The invention provides a method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources, which is implemented to obtain a batch of excellent pasture germplasm materials and plays a positive role in the construction of grasslands in arid and cold regions, ecological protection and the development of grassland animal husbandry. The leguminous forage can improve nitrogen fixation of root nodules and reduce the using amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the pasture field with luxuriant flowers can drive the development of beekeeping industry, the health degree of livestock and the yield and quality of livestock products can be greatly improved after the leguminous forage is fed, and great economic benefits can be generated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for screening and planting germplasm resources of grassland pasture, which comprises the steps of screening the pasture, collecting, preserving, evaluating and screening the germplasm resources of important plants such as grassland leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, sparrow wheat, elymus chinensis, meliitus ruthensis beans, lespedeza and the like, wherein the excellent leguminous and gramineous pasture varieties which are suitable for being established on artificial grasslands under the environment conditions of drought and alpine regions or have competitive capacity on reseeding grasslands are used for accelerating the vegetation recovery of deteriorated grasslands, improving the structure and the nutrition ratio of natural grassland grasses and improving the production quality of grassland cattle and mutton;
s1, collecting, storing, evaluating and utilizing the germplasm resources of the important plants in the grassland; namely, the collection, preservation, evaluation and utilization of important plant germplasm resources of the leymus chinensis, the agropyron cristatum, the brome, the elymus chinensis, the alfalfa bean, the lespedeza and the like;
s2, screening excellent germplasm resources by evaluating the stress resistance of a large amount of herbage germplasm resources; the method comprises the steps of establishing an adverse-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions and a standard variety suitable for adverse-resistant evaluation screening in the drought and cold regions in China by measuring morphological and physiological indexes under stress of plants; obtaining stress-resistant (drought, disease-resistant, cold-resistant and the like) high-yield parent material;
s3, carrying out high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technical research on the excellent pasture grass variety adapting to the grassland climate: aiming at the characteristics of a new strain of pasture, researching a corresponding high-quality high-efficiency cultivation matching technology, a new variety sowing technology, a water and fertilizer regulation and control technology, a dry farming cultivation technology, a pasture harvesting technology and the like, formulating a cultivation technical specification of the new variety, and establishing a high-quality high-efficiency cultivation technical system of the new variety;
on the basis of the collection and evaluation of grass germplasm resources, germplasm materials with excellent target characters such as drought resistance, cold resistance, high yield and the like are screened, strains and strains with relatively stable genetic characters are established to serve as excellent breeding materials, and efficient cultivation research is carried out on grass varieties adapted to grasslands under the conditions of drought and cold climates.
Establishing an adverse-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions by combining the determination of morphological and physiological indexes of germplasm resources under adverse stress; obtaining a stress-resistant high-yield parent material;
the method specifically comprises the following steps of screening:
screening alfalfa dominant germplasm resources: using conventional breeding identification technology to comprehensively identify and evaluate breeding materials at home and abroad in the aspects of yield, drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and the like, and screening out a new alfalfa variety (line); the new alfalfa system is planted in drought and cold areas, and the yield of hay is superior to that of the local original promoted variety;
screening high-yield and high-quality resources such as alfalfa beans, lespedeza bicolor and the like: because the Melissitus ruthenicus seeds, the Lespedeza bicolor seeds and the like have strong cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for being planted in cold and drought areas, but the yield of the hay is low, a new material is provided for the improvement of the grasslands in the areas through quantitative analysis and screening of the quality of a large amount of germplasm materials, and the yield of the hay is superior to that of the local original popularized varieties;
screening potential germplasm resources such as leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, brome and elymus nutans: because the forage grasses such as the leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the sparrow and the elymus blume are strong in cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for planting in cold and arid regions, the stress resistance and the hay yield can be further improved through breeding, the collected domestic and foreign gramineous breeding materials are comprehensively identified and evaluated in the aspects of resistance, high yield and the like through laboratory identification and field identification, new varieties (lines) such as the cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, high-yield and high-quality leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the brome and the elymus blume which grow in cold and arid regions and semiarid regions are screened, the forage grasses are planted in the new regions, and the hay yield is superior to that of the originally popularized varieties in the regions.
The screening method performs combined research on the collected main wild pasture germplasm resources, and the combined research comprises the following steps:
the grassland combination varieties are as follows: awn, leymus, wheatgrass and alfalfa;
the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting cell drilling, wherein the area of each cell is 5m x 6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the depth is 2-3 cm, and repeating is carried out for 3 times;
seeding rate: 0kg (CK), 1kg (A), 2kg (B), 3kg (C);
combining grass seeds: the Chinese herbal medicine feed comprises alfalfa (1), Chinese wildrye (2), wheatgrass (3), old Chinese silvergrass (4), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye (5), alfalfa + wheatgrass (6), alfalfa + old Chinese silvergrass (7), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass (8), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (9), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (10), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass + old Chinese wildrye (11), Chinese wildgrass + wheatgrass (12), Chinese wildgrass + old Chinese wildrye (13), wheatgrass + old Chinese wildgrass (14), Chinese wildgrass + ice + old Chinese wildgrass (15);
the same is planted in each month, and the planting is repeated for 3 times: A. b, C, respectively; 15 cells were planted each time: 1 to 15, corresponding to combinations (1) to (15); CK is a control cell; cutting roots and loosening soil during planting;
screening: the grass is screened in the planting plot with good growth vigor and high grass yield, and the salt resistance, alkali resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance are detected to screen out high-quality grass.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources is characterized by comprising the following steps: the screening method comprises the steps of grass screening, wherein by collecting, storing, evaluating and screening important plant germplasm resources of grassland leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, sparrow grass, alfalfa, lespedeza and the like, excellent leguminous and gramineous grass varieties which are suitable for being established on artificial grasslands under the environment conditions of drought and alpine regions or have competitive power on reseeding grasslands are screened, the method has the advantages of accelerating the vegetation recovery of deteriorated grasslands, improving the grass group structure and the nutrition ratio of natural grasslands, and improving the production quality of grassland cattle and mutton;
s1, collecting, storing, evaluating and utilizing the germplasm resources of the important plants in the grassland; namely, the collection, preservation, evaluation and utilization of important plant germplasm resources of the leymus chinensis, the agropyron cristatum, the brome, the elymus chinensis, the alfalfa bean, the lespedeza and the like;
s2, screening excellent germplasm resources by evaluating the stress resistance of a large amount of herbage germplasm resources; the method comprises the steps of establishing an adverse-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions and a standard variety suitable for adverse-resistant evaluation screening in the drought and cold regions in China by measuring morphological and physiological indexes under stress of plants; obtaining stress-resistant (drought, disease-resistant, cold-resistant and the like) high-yield parent material;
s3, carrying out high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technical research on the excellent pasture grass variety adapting to the grassland climate: aiming at the characteristics of a new strain of pasture, researching a corresponding high-quality high-efficiency cultivation matching technology, a new variety sowing technology, a water and fertilizer regulation and control technology, a dry farming cultivation technology, a pasture harvesting technology and the like, formulating a cultivation technical specification of the new variety, and establishing a high-quality high-efficiency cultivation technical system of the new variety;
on the basis of the collection and evaluation of grass germplasm resources, germplasm materials with excellent target characters such as drought resistance, cold resistance, high yield and the like are screened, strains and strains with relatively stable genetic characters are established to serve as excellent breeding materials, and efficient cultivation research is carried out on grass varieties adapted to grasslands under the conditions of drought and cold climates.
2. The method for screening grassland pasture germplasm resources according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: establishing an adverse-resistant pasture germplasm evaluation index system in drought and cold regions by combining the determination of morphological and physiological indexes of germplasm resources under adverse stress; obtaining the stress-resistant high-yield parent material.
3. The method for screening grassland pasture germplasm resources according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps of screening:
screening alfalfa dominant germplasm resources: using conventional breeding identification technology to comprehensively identify and evaluate breeding materials at home and abroad in the aspects of yield, drought resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance and the like, and screening out a new alfalfa variety (line); the new alfalfa system is planted in drought and cold areas, and the yield of hay is superior to that of the local original promoted variety;
screening high-yield and high-quality resources such as alfalfa beans, lespedeza bicolor and the like: because the Melissitus ruthenicus seeds, the Lespedeza bicolor seeds and the like have strong cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for being planted in cold and drought areas, but the yield of the hay is low, a new material is provided for the improvement of the grasslands in the areas through quantitative analysis and screening of the quality of a large amount of germplasm materials, and the yield of the hay is superior to that of the local original popularized varieties;
screening potential germplasm resources such as leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, brome and elymus nutans: because the forage grasses such as the leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the sparrow and the elymus blume are strong in cold resistance and drought resistance and are suitable for planting in cold and arid regions, the stress resistance and the hay yield can be further improved through breeding, the collected domestic and foreign gramineous breeding materials are comprehensively identified and evaluated in the aspects of resistance, high yield and the like through laboratory identification and field identification, new varieties (lines) such as the cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, high-yield and high-quality leymus chinensis, the wheatgrass, the brome and the elymus blume which grow in cold and arid regions and semiarid regions are screened, the forage grasses are planted in the new regions, and the hay yield is superior to that of the originally popularized varieties in the regions.
4. The method for screening and planting grassland pasture germplasm resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the screening method performs combined research on the collected main wild pasture germplasm resources, and the combined research comprises the following steps:
the grassland combination varieties are as follows: awn, leymus, wheatgrass and alfalfa;
the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting cell drilling, wherein the area of each cell is 5m x 6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the depth is 2-3 cm, and repeating is carried out for 3 times;
seeding rate: 0kg (CK), 1kg (A), 2kg (B), 3kg (C);
combining grass seeds: the Chinese herbal medicine feed comprises alfalfa (1), Chinese wildrye (2), wheatgrass (3), old Chinese silvergrass (4), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye (5), alfalfa + wheatgrass (6), alfalfa + old Chinese silvergrass (7), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass (8), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (9), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + old Chinese wildrye (10), alfalfa + Chinese wildrye + wheatgrass + old Chinese wildrye (11), Chinese wildgrass + wheatgrass (12), Chinese wildgrass + old Chinese wildrye (13), wheatgrass + old Chinese wildgrass (14), Chinese wildgrass + ice + old Chinese wildgrass (15);
the same is planted in each month, and the planting is repeated for 3 times: A. b, C, respectively; 15 cells were planted each time: 1 to 15, corresponding to combinations (1) to (15); CK is a control cell; cutting roots and loosening soil during planting;
screening: the grass is screened in the planting plot with good growth vigor and high grass yield, and the salt resistance, alkali resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance are detected to screen out high-quality grass.
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| CN116616138B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2024-02-09 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Screening method of drought-resistant germplasm of ophiopogon japonicus |
| CN117502127A (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-02-06 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Directional cultivation method for grassland community structure based on plant priority effect |
| CN117502127B (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-03-19 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Directional cultivation method for grassland community structure based on plant priority effect |
| CN117694225A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 北京大学 | Method for high-throughput screening of drought-resistant germplasm of leymus chinensis under standard climate chamber condition |
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