CN113030800B - System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using radio frequency magnetic field - Google Patents
System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using radio frequency magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using a radio frequency magnetic field. The invention solves the problems that the traditional atomic scalar magnetometer can only measure the magnetic field and can not obtain the magnetic field direction, can realize the complete measurement of magnetic field vector information, and the measurement accuracy is independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field, can realize complete measurement of magnetic field information, and can not influence the accuracy of magnetic field measurement in a certain range by the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using a radio frequency magnetic field.
Background
The accurate measurement of the magnetic vector field plays an important role in practical application, such as measurement of a biological magnetic field, research of topography and topography, detection of material defects, investigation of mineral oil and gas, magnetic navigation, positioning of underwater magnetic targets and the like, as an important means for researching the magnetism of substances and analyzing the morphology of the substances. The types of magnetometers which are widely used at present and are mature in technology include fluxgate magnetometers, nuclear precession magnetometers, optical pump scalar magnetometers, superconducting magnetometers and the like, however, all the magnetometers are scalar magnetometers, and all information of a magnetic field cannot be obtained in the process of measuring the magnetic field with high precision; measuring and obtaining all information of the magnetic field has become an inevitable trend in magnetometer development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system which can measure not only the modulus of a magnetic field, but also the direction of the magnetic field, and uses a radio frequency magnetic field to excite a magnetic moment to precess and measure a vector magnetic field.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device comprises a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source; the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic air chamber, and laser which is emitted by the laser and can excite atomic transition resonance sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic air chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic air chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the Z-axis direction of the atomic air chamber.
The invention also aims to provide a method for exciting the magnetic moment precession measurement vector magnetic field by using the radio frequency magnetic field.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
The laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic air chamber, and laser which is emitted by the laser and can excite atomic transition resonance sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic air chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic air chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the Z-axis direction of the atomic air chamber;
Step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic air chamber, the laser power is controlled through the attenuator, the laser is made to be linearly polarized light through adjusting the polaroid, and the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to enable the linearly polarized light to have polarization in the Z-axis direction;
Step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atomic air chamber, a ground state atom generates magnetic moment; feeding alternating current to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most obvious precession amplitude of the second harmonic is obtained on the lock-in amplifier, and the modulus |B 0 | of the magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field;
Step 4: DC is fed into the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through the second current source to generate a counteracted static magnetic field along the Z axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, thereby obtaining an included angle between B 0 and the Z axis
Step 5: the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to change the polarization of light into the X direction, and a direct current component is added to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through the first current source on the basis of feeding alternating current, so that a counteracting static magnetic field along the X direction is generated, until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and an included angle alpha between B 0 and the X axis is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention solves the problems that the traditional atomic scalar magnetometer can only measure the magnetic field and can not obtain the magnetic field direction, can realize the complete measurement of magnetic field vector information, and the measurement accuracy is independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field, can realize complete measurement of magnetic field information, and can not influence the accuracy of magnetic field measurement in a certain range by the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring vector magnetic fields using RF magnetic fields to excite magnetic moment precession in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using a radio frequency magnetic field. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field, can realize complete measurement of magnetic field information, and can not influence the accuracy of magnetic field measurement in a certain range by the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity.
The invention solves the problems that the traditional atomic scalar magnetometer can only measure the magnetic field and can not obtain the magnetic field direction, can realize the complete measurement of magnetic field vector information, and the measurement accuracy is independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity.
The invention utilizes an alkali metal atomic air chamber to measure a vector magnetic field, and a system for measuring the vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by utilizing a radio frequency magnetic field comprises a laser 1, an atomic air chamber 5, a PD photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier 6, a first magnetic field coil 7-1, a second magnetic field coil 7-2, a third magnetic field coil 7-3, a fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, a first current source 8-1 and a second current source 8-2; the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic air chamber, and laser emitted by the laser and capable of exciting atomic transition resonance sequentially passes through the attenuator 2, the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic air chamber 5 and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 are connected with a first current source, and the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic air chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the Z-axis direction of the atomic air chamber.
The laser 1 controls laser power through the attenuator 2, the laser becomes linear polarized light through adjusting the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4 is rotated to enable the linear polarized light to have polarization in the Z-axis direction, the linear polarized light enters the atomic air chamber 5 to enable the ground state atoms to generate magnetic moment, alternating current is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction, when the radio frequency magnetic field frequency is equal to the magnetic moment precession frequency, the most obvious second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on the lock-in amplifier 6, and the magnetic field modulus |B 0 | to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the direct proportion relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field. The research finds that: the amplitude of the first harmonic wave of the magnetic moment precession around the magnetic field is proportional to the cosine of the included angle between the magnetic field and the polarization direction of the light; therefore, according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, direct current is fed into the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 through the second current source 8-2 to generate a counteracting static magnetic field along the Z direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, so as to obtain the included angle between the B 0 and the Z axisSimilarly, we rotate the lambda/2 wave plate 4 to change the polarization of light into X direction, and based on the amplitude of the first harmonic, the first current source 8-1 is used to superimpose DC components on the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 on the basis of feeding AC to generate a counteracting static magnetic field along X direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, thus obtaining the included angle alpha between B 0 and X axis.
The laser 1 outputs 20-40 mu W of optical power, can emit at low power, has the advantage of low power consumption, and does not need to carry out additional stable power control on the laser power.
The attenuator 2 is used for adjusting the laser power.
The polarizing plate 3 polarizes the laser light into linearly polarized light, and polarizes atoms to have tensor magnetic moments.
The lambda/2 wave plate 4 is used for rotating the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light.
Alkali metal atoms (K, rb, cs) and the like can be used in the atomic gas chamber 5.
The lock-in amplifier 6 is used for analyzing the amplitude of the first harmonic and the second harmonic of Larmor precession in the transmitted light.
The first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 are fed with alternating current with direct current background to generate a radio frequency magnetic field vibrating along the X-axis direction and a static magnetic field for canceling the projection of the magnetic field to be tested in the X-axis direction.
The third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 are fed with direct current to generate static magnetic fields for canceling the projection of the magnetic field to be measured in the Z-axis direction.
The first current source 8-1 provides alternating current with direct current background for the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2.
The second current source 8-2 provides direct current for the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4.
A method for measuring vector magnetic fields by exciting magnetic moment precession with radio frequency magnetic fields, comprising the steps of:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
The laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic air chamber, and laser which is emitted by the laser and can excite atomic transition resonance sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic air chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic air chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the Z-axis direction of the atomic air chamber;
Step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic air chamber, the laser power is controlled through the attenuator, the laser is made to be linearly polarized light through adjusting the polaroid, and the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to enable the linearly polarized light to have polarization in the Z-axis direction;
Step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atomic air chamber, a ground state atom generates magnetic moment; feeding alternating current to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most obvious precession amplitude of the second harmonic is obtained on the lock-in amplifier, and the modulus |B 0 | of the magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field;
Step 4: DC is fed into the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through the second current source to generate a counteracted static magnetic field along the Z axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, thereby obtaining an included angle between B 0 and the Z axis
Step 5: the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to change the polarization of light into the X direction, and a direct current component is added to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through the first current source on the basis of feeding alternating current, so that a counteracting static magnetic field along the X direction is generated, until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and an included angle alpha between B 0 and the X axis is obtained.
Example 1:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring vector magnetic fields by exciting magnetic moment precession with radio frequency magnetic fields, which comprises a laser 1, an attenuator 2, a polarizer 3, a lambda/2 wave plate 4, an atomic gas cell 5, a PD photodetector, a lock-in amplifier 6, a first magnetic field coil 7-1, a second magnetic field coil 7-2, a third magnetic field coil 7-3, a fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, a first current source 8-1 and a second current source 8-2. The origin of coordinates is an atomic air chamber, linear polarized laser propagates forward along the Y axis, and the radio frequency magnetic field is along the X axis.
The assembly relationship between the components is as follows: the atomic air chamber 5 is arranged in a magnetic field to be detected, the laser 1 emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator 2, the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic air chamber 5 and the PD photoelectric detector, and harmonic waves of magnetic moment resonance are analyzed by the lock-in amplifier 6; feeding alternating current with direct current background to the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field oscillating along the X-axis direction and a compensating static magnetic field along the X-axis direction; by feeding direct current to the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 by the second current source 8-2, a compensated static magnetic field in the Z-axis direction can be generated.
The working principle of the resonance linearly polarized light atom vector magnetometer is as follows: the laser 1 emits resonance laser, the laser power is controlled by the attenuator 2, the laser is made into linear polarized light by the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4 is rotated to enable the linear polarized light to have polarization in the Z axis direction, then the linear polarized light enters the atomic air chamber 5 to interact with atoms to generate magnetic quadrupole moment, alternating current with direct current background is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 by the first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field and a static magnetic field along the X axis direction, when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the magnetic moment precession frequency, the most obvious second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on the phase-locked amplifier 6, and the magnetic field modulus |B 0 | to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field size. The research finds that: the amplitude of the first harmonic wave of the magnetic moment precession around the magnetic field is proportional to the cosine of the included angle between the magnetic field and the polarization direction; therefore, according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, direct current is fed into the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 through the second current source 8-2 to generate a counteracting static magnetic field along the Z direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, so as to obtain the included angle between the B 0 and the Z axisSimilarly, we rotate the λ/2 plate 4 to change the polarization direction of light into the X-axis direction, and according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, we adjust the offset static magnetic field applied by the dc background of the signal generated by the first current source 8-1 in the X-axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, so as to obtain the angle α between B 0 and the X-axis.
The optical power output by the laser 1 is 20-40 mu W, the laser can emit at low power, and the laser does not need to carry out additional stable power control on the laser power, so that the laser has the advantage of low power consumption. The laser passes through the attenuator 2 to adjust the light power, and then enters the polaroid to make the laser become linearly polarized light to polarize atoms, so that the atoms have magnetic quadrupole moment.
The first current source 8-1 feeds alternating current with direct current background to the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field oscillating along the X-axis direction and compensate a static magnetic field; the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 are fed with direct current through the second current source 8-2 to generate a compensating static magnetic field along the Z-axis direction.
Alkali metal atoms (K, rb, cs) and the like can be used in the atomic air chamber (5), and the inner surface of the air chamber is coated with a high polymer material for resisting polarization relaxation so as to reduce the influence of the collision of polarized atoms and the wall on the polarization of the atoms.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring vector magnetic fields by exciting magnetic moment precession with radio frequency magnetic fields, comprising the steps of:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a lock-in amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
The laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic air chamber, and laser which is emitted by the laser and can excite atomic transition resonance sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic air chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic air chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged at two sides of the Z-axis direction of the atomic air chamber;
Step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic air chamber, the laser power is controlled through the attenuator, the laser is made to be linearly polarized light through adjusting the polaroid, and the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to enable the linearly polarized light to have polarization in the Z-axis direction;
Step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atomic air chamber, a ground state atom generates magnetic moment; feeding alternating current to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most obvious precession amplitude of the second harmonic is obtained on the lock-in amplifier, and the modulus |B 0 | of the magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field;
Step 4: feeding direct current to the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through the second current source to generate a counteracting static magnetic field along the Z axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, so as to obtain an included angle phi between B 0 and the Z axis;
Step 5: the lambda/2 wave plate is rotated to change the polarization of light into the X direction, and a direct current component is added to the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through the first current source on the basis of feeding alternating current, so that a counteracting static magnetic field along the X direction is generated, until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and an included angle alpha between B 0 and the X axis is obtained.
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