CN113030800A - System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession through radio frequency magnetic field - Google Patents
System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession through radio frequency magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN113030800A CN113030800A CN202110258040.6A CN202110258040A CN113030800A CN 113030800 A CN113030800 A CN 113030800A CN 202110258040 A CN202110258040 A CN 202110258040A CN 113030800 A CN113030800 A CN 113030800A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession through a radio frequency magnetic field. The invention overcomes the problem that the traditional atom scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of the magnetic field and can not obtain the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field vector information, and has the measurement precision independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field, can also measure the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field information, and in a certain range, the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity can not influence the precision of the magnetic field measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession through a radio frequency magnetic field.
Background
The accurate measurement of the magnetic vector field is an important means for researching the magnetism of a substance and analyzing the form of the substance, and plays an important role in practical application, such as the measurement of the magnetic field of an organism, the research of topography and landform, the detection of material defects, the exploration of mineral oil and gas, magnetic navigation, the positioning of underwater magnetic targets and the like. The types of magnetometers which are widely applied at present and have mature technologies comprise a fluxgate magnetometer, a nuclear precession magnetometer, an optical pump scalar magnetometer, a superconducting magnetometer and the like, however, the magnetic forces are scalar magnetometers and all information of a magnetic field cannot be obtained in the process of measuring the magnetic field with high precision; measuring and obtaining full information of the magnetic field has become a necessary trend in the development of magnetometers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using a radio-frequency magnetic field, which can measure not only the modulus of the magnetic field but also the direction of the magnetic field.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device comprises a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source; the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction.
The invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the vector magnetic field by exciting the magnetic moment precession by using the radio frequency magnetic field.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic gas chamber, the power of the laser is controlled by the attenuator, the laser is changed into linearly polarized light by adjusting the polaroid, and the linearly polarized light is polarized in the Z-axis direction by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate;
and step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atom air chamber, enabling ground state atoms to generate magnetic moments; feeding alternating current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most significant second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on the phase-locked amplifier, and the magnetic field modulus | B to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the direct proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field0|；
And 4, step 4: feeding direct current to the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through a second current source to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic reaches zero to obtain B0Angle with Z axis
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the light polarization into X direction, superposing DC component on the first and second magnetic field coils by the first current source based on the fed AC to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along X direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero to obtain B0At an angle alpha to the X-axis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention overcomes the problem that the traditional atom scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of the magnetic field and can not obtain the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field vector information, and has the measurement precision independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field, can also measure the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field information, and in a certain range, the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity can not influence the precision of the magnetic field measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for precessionally measuring a vector magnetic field using a radio frequency magnetic field to excite magnetic moments.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession through a radio frequency magnetic field. The invention can measure the modulus of the magnetic field, can also measure the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field information, and in a certain range, the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity can not influence the precision of the magnetic field measurement.
The invention overcomes the problem that the traditional atom scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of the magnetic field and can not obtain the direction of the magnetic field, can realize the complete measurement of the magnetic field vector information, and has the measurement precision independent of the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field and the laser intensity.
The invention utilizes an alkali metal atom air chamber to measure a vector magnetic field, and a system for measuring the vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by utilizing a radio frequency magnetic field, which comprises a laser 1, an atom air chamber 5, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier 6, a first magnetic field coil 7-1, a second magnetic field coil 7-2, a third magnetic field coil 7-3, a fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, a first current source 8-1 and a second current source 8-2; the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator 2, the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic gas chamber 5 and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 are connected with a first current source, and the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction.
The laser 1 controls laser power through an attenuator 2, laser is converted into linearly polarized light through adjusting a polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4 is rotated to enable the linearly polarized light to have polarization in the Z-axis direction, the linearly polarized light enters an atom air chamber 5 to enable ground state atoms to generate magnetic moments, alternating current is fed into a first magnetic field coil 7-1 and a second magnetic field coil 7-2 through a first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction, when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moments, the most significant second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on a phase-locked amplifier 6, and the magnetic field modulus | B to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the direct proportional relation between the precession frequency and0l. The research finds that: the amplitude of the first harmonic wave of the precession of the magnetic moment around the magnetic field is proportional to the cosine of an included angle between the magnetic field and the light polarization direction; therefore, according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 are fed with direct current through the second current source 8-2 to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along the Z direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and B is obtained0Angle with Z axis
Similarly, we rotate the λ/2 wave plate 4 to change the light polarization into the X direction, and then superimpose the dc component on the ac power fed to the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 by the first current source 8-1 according to the amplitude of the first harmonic again, so as to generate the cancellation static magnetic field along the X direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and obtain B0At an angle alpha to the X-axis.
The laser 1 outputs 20-40 muW of optical power, can emit at low power, has the advantage of low power consumption, and does not need to carry out extra stable power control on the laser power.
The attenuator 2 is used for adjusting the laser power.
The polarizing plate 3 polarizes the laser light into linearly polarized light, polarizes atoms, and makes the atoms have tensor magnetic moments.
The lambda/2 wave plate 4 is used to rotate the polarization direction of linearly polarized light.
Alkali metal atoms (K, Rb, Cs) and the like can be used in the atomic gas cell 5.
The phase-locked amplifier 6 is used for analyzing the amplitude of the first harmonic and the second harmonic of larmor precession in the transmitted light.
Alternating current with a direct current background is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2, and a radio frequency magnetic field vibrating along the X-axis direction and a static magnetic field for offsetting the projection of the magnetic field to be measured in the X-axis direction are generated.
Direct current is fed into the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, and a static magnetic field for offsetting the projection of the magnetic field to be measured in the Z-axis direction is generated.
The first current source 8-1 provides alternating current with a direct current background for the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2.
And the second current source 8-2 provides direct current for the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4.
A method for measuring vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by radio frequency magnetic field comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic gas chamber, the power of the laser is controlled by the attenuator, the laser is changed into linearly polarized light by adjusting the polaroid, and the linearly polarized light is polarized in the Z-axis direction by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate;
and step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atom air chamber, enabling ground state atoms to generate magnetic moments; feeding alternating current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most significant second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on the phase-locked amplifier, and the magnetic field modulus | B to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the direct proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field0|；
And 4, step 4: feeding direct current to the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through a second current source to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic reaches zero to obtain B0Angle with Z axis
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the light polarization into X direction, superposing DC component on the first and second magnetic field coils by the first current source based on the fed AC to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along X direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero to obtain B0At an angle alpha to the X-axis.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a design diagram of a system for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession with a radio-frequency magnetic field, which includes a laser 1, an attenuator 2, a polarizer 3, a λ/2 wave plate 4, an atomic gas cell 5, a PD photodetector, a lock-in amplifier 6, a first magnetic field coil 7-1, a second magnetic field coil 7-2, a third magnetic field coil 7-3, a fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, a first current source 8-1, and a second current source 8-2. The coordinate origin is an atomic gas chamber, the linearly polarized laser is positively transmitted along the Y axis, and the radio frequency magnetic field is along the X axis.
The assembly relationship between the components is as follows: the atomic gas chamber 5 is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, the laser 1 emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser passes through the attenuator 2, the polaroid 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic gas chamber 5 and the PD photoelectric detector in sequence, and the harmonic wave of magnetic moment resonance is analyzed by using the lock-in amplifier 6; feeding alternating current with a direct current background into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field oscillating along the X-axis direction and a compensation static magnetic field along the X-axis direction; by feeding dc power to the third field coil 7-3 and the fourth field coil 7-4 by the second current source 8-2, a compensated static magnetic field in the Z-axis direction can be generated.
The working principle of the resonance linearly polarized light atomic vector magnetometer is as follows: the laser 1 emits resonance laser, the power of the laser is controlled by an attenuator 2, the laser is converted into linearly polarized light by a polaroid 3, the linearly polarized light is polarized in the Z-axis direction by rotating a lambda/2 wave plate 4, then the linearly polarized light enters an atomic gas chamber 5 to interact with atoms to generate a magnetic quadrupole moment, alternating current with a direct current background is fed into a first magnetic field coil 7-1 and a second magnetic field coil 7-2 through a first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field and a static magnetic field along the X-axis direction, when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most obvious second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on a phase-locked amplifier 6, and the modulus | B of the magnetic field to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the positive proportional relation between the precession0L. The research finds that: the amplitude of the first harmonic wave of the precession of the magnetic moment around the magnetic field is proportional to the cosine of an included angle between the magnetic field and the polarization direction; therefore, according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 are fed with direct current through the second current source 8-2 to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along the Z direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and B is obtained0Angle with Z axis
Similarly, we rotate the lambda/2 wave plate 4 to change the light polarization direction to the X-axis direction, according to the amplitude of the first harmonic, the cancellation static magnetic field applied in the X-axis direction by adjusting the DC background of the signal generated by the first current source 8-1 until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero, and obtain B0At an angle alpha to the X-axis.
The optical power output by the laser 1 is 20-40 muW, low-power emission can be realized, extra stable power control on the laser power is not needed, and the laser has the advantage of low power consumption. The laser passes through the attenuator 2 to adjust the optical power of the laser, and then enters the polaroid to enable the laser to become linearly polarized light and polarize atoms, so that the atoms have magnetic quadrupole moment.
Feeding alternating current with a direct current background into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first current source 8-1 to generate a radio frequency magnetic field oscillating along the X-axis direction and a compensation static magnetic field; a direct current is fed to the third field coil 7-3 and the fourth field coil 7-4 by the second current source 8-2, and a compensation static magnetic field in the Z-axis direction is generated.
Alkali metal atoms (K, Rb, Cs) and the like can be used in the atomic gas chamber (5), and the inner surface of the gas chamber is coated with a high polymer material resistant to polarization relaxation so as to reduce the influence of the collision of polarized atoms and the wall on the polarization of the atoms.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A system for precessing a measured vector magnetic field using a radio frequency magnetic field to excite a magnetic moment, comprising: the device comprises a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source; the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction.
2. A method for measuring a vector magnetic field by exciting magnetic moment precession by using a radio frequency magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a PD photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first current source and a second current source;
the laser and the PD photoelectric detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the Y-axis direction of the atomic gas chamber, and laser which can excite atomic transition resonance and is emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the PD photoelectric detector; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second current source and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emits laser capable of exciting atomic transition resonance, the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polaroid and the lambda/2 wave plate and then enters the atomic gas chamber, the power of the laser is controlled by the attenuator, the laser is changed into linearly polarized light by adjusting the polaroid, and the linearly polarized light is polarized in the Z-axis direction by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate;
and step 3: after linearly polarized light with polarization in the Z-axis direction enters an atom air chamber, enabling ground state atoms to generate magnetic moments; feeding alternating current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil through a first current source to generate a radio frequency magnetic field along the X-axis direction; when the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field is equal to the precession frequency of the magnetic moment, the most significant second harmonic precession amplitude is obtained on the phase-locked amplifier, and the magnetic field modulus | B to be measured can be obtained by utilizing the direct proportional relation between the precession frequency and the magnetic field0|；
And 4, step 4: feeding direct current to the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil through a second current source to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic reaches zero to obtain B0Angle with Z axis
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the light polarization into X direction, superposing DC component on the first and second magnetic field coils by the first current source based on the fed AC to generate a cancellation static magnetic field along X direction until the amplitude of the first harmonic is zero to obtain B0At an angle alpha to the X-axis.
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