CN113030801A - System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation - Google Patents
System and method for measuring vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. The invention overcomes the problem that the traditional atom scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of the magnetic field and can not obtain the direction of the magnetic field. The invention can not only measure the magnitude of the magnetic field, but also measure the direction of the magnetic field, thereby realizing the complete measurement of the magnetic field vector information. The invention does not need to carry out extra power stabilizing control on the laser power, the laser frequency modulation amplitude and the laser intensity do not influence the magnetic field measurement precision of the invention in a certain range, and the problem of measurement dead zone caused by magic angle can be eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation.
Background
The precise measurement of the magnetic field vector has important application in the fields of military reconnaissance, mineral exploration, biological magnetic field detection, magnetic navigation and the like. Under different application scenarios, different requirements are imposed on technical indexes such as bandwidth, sensitivity, spatial resolution and the like of the magnetometer. The alkali metal atom magnetometer detects the precession condition of valence electrons at the outermost layer of alkali metal atoms under a magnetic field by utilizing the interaction between light and atoms to realize the precise measurement of the magnetic field, and the types of the magnetometer which are widely applied at present and have mature technology comprise a fluxgate magnetometer, a nuclear precession magnetometer, an optical pump scalar magnetometer, a superconducting magnetometer and the like, but the magnetometers are scalar magnetometers and cannot give all information of the magnetic field; measuring and obtaining full information of the magnetic field has become a necessary trend in the development of magnetometers. The atomic magnetometer provided by the invention can measure the magnitude of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field. And a vector magnetometer array can be easily constructed, and the close-range multipoint magnetic vector independent measurement is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional atomic scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of a magnetic field and cannot obtain the direction of the magnetic field, and provides a system for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation, which can realize complete measurement of magnetic field vector information and ensures that the magnetic field measurement accuracy does not depend on frequency modulation amplitude and laser intensity.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device comprises a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a polarization rotation detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a frequency modulator, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first direct-current power supply and a second direct-current power supply; the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polarizer, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction.
The invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the vector magnetic field by using laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a polarization rotation detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a frequency modulator, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first direct-current power supply and a second direct-current power supply;
the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polarizer, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emitted by the laser is subjected to frequency modulation by a frequency modulator, and the modulation frequency is omegam(ii) a Laser with central frequency of exciting atomic resonance emitted by the frequency modulated laser sequentially passes through an attenuator, a polarizer, a lambda/2 wave plate, an atomic gas chamber and a polarization rotation detector;
and step 3: the power of the laser is adjusted through an attenuator, and the laser is changed into linearly polarized laser through a polarizer; rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to enable the linearly polarized laser to have polarization in the Y-axis direction, enabling the linearly polarized light with the polarization in the Y-axis direction to enter the atom air chamber to polarize atoms therein to generate tensor magnetic moment, and enabling the magnetic moment to wind a magnetic field B to be measured0Precession;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegamLamor frequency omega intrinsic to the atomLEqual; a second direct current power supply feeds stable current into the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil, and a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Y-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, so that a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in Y-axis directionY；
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the polarization direction of the laser into the Z-axis direction; a first direct current power supply feeds a stable current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil, a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, and a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in the Z-axis directionZ；
Step 6: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegam＝2ΩL(ii) a The amplitude of the larmor frequency component which is twice of the precession of the magnetic moment is the maximum, and the magnetic field B to be measured is obtained by utilizing the relationship between the precession frequency and the magnetic field size0Magnitude of component B in X-axis directionX；
And 7: according to the measured magnetic field B to be measured0Component B in the X-axis directionXComponent B in the Y-axis directionYComponent B in the Z-axis directionZObtaining a complete magnetic field B to be measured0The high-precision measurement of the vector magnetic field is realized by the magnetic vector information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention overcomes the problem that the traditional atom scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of the magnetic field and can not obtain the direction of the magnetic field. The invention can not only measure the magnitude of the magnetic field, but also measure the direction of the magnetic field, thereby realizing the complete measurement of the magnetic field vector information. The invention does not need to carry out extra power stabilizing control on the laser power, the laser frequency modulation amplitude and the laser intensity do not influence the magnetic field measurement precision of the invention in a certain range, and the problem of measurement dead zone caused by magic angle can be eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring a vector magnetic field using laser frequency modulated nonlinear magneto-optical rotation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers. The invention aims to solve the problems that the traditional atomic scalar magnetometer can only measure the size of a magnetic field and cannot obtain the direction of the magnetic field, and provides a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. The invention can realize the complete measurement of magnetic field vector information, and the magnetic field measurement precision does not depend on the frequency modulation amplitude and the laser intensity. The invention can measure the size of the magnetic field and the direction of the magnetic field, can easily construct a vector magnetometer array, and solves the problem of crosstalk caused by radio frequency magnetic field excitation by exciting magnetic moment precession through laser modulation. The invention does not need to carry out extra stable power control on the laser power, and does not have a Magic angle (Magic angle) dead zone.
A system for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation comprises a laser 1, an atomic gas chamber 5, a polarization rotation detector 6, a lock-in amplifier 8, a frequency modulator 9, a first magnetic field coil 7-1, a second magnetic field coil 7-2, a third magnetic field coil 7-3, a fourth magnetic field coil 7-4, a first direct current power supply 10-1, a second direct current power supply 10-2 and a PC (personal computer) 11; the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator 2, the polarizer 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction.
The power of laser with central frequency as excited atomic resonance emitted by the frequency modulated laser 1 is adjusted through the attenuator 2, the polarizer 3 enables the laser to become linearly polarized laser, the lambda/2 wave plate 4 is rotated to enable the linearly polarized light to have polarization in the Y-axis direction, the linearly polarized light enters the atomic air chamber 5 to polarize atoms therein to generate tensor magnetic moment, and the magnetic moment winds the magnetic field B to be measured0Precessing, and frequency modulating resonant laser with frequency of omega by frequency modulator 9m. When omega is higher thanmLamor frequency omega intrinsic to the atomLWhen equal, the larmor resonance amplitude is proportional to the magnetic field B0The cosine value of an included angle alpha with the laser polarization (positive direction of Y axis) is fed into the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 through the second direct current power supply 10-2 according to the harmonic amplitude, the static magnetic field is offset in the Y direction until the harmonic amplitude is zero, and the magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in the Y directionY(ii) a Rotating the lambda/2 wave plate 4 changes the light polarization direction to the Z direction, the Larmor resonance amplitude being proportional to the magnetic field B0The cosine value of an included angle beta with the laser polarization (positive direction of Z axis) is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first direct current power supply 10-1 according to the harmonic amplitude, and a steady current is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 to apply a cancellation static magnetic field in the Z direction until the harmonic amplitude is zero, so that a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in the Z directionZ(ii) a At this time, the modulation frequency is adjusted to be omegam＝2ΩLDuring the process, the amplitude of the larmor frequency component twice of the precession of the magnetic moment is the maximum, and the component size B of the magnetic field to be measured in the X direction is obtained by utilizing the relationship between the precession frequency and the magnetic field sizeX. According to measured BX，BYAnd BZAnd complete magnetic vector information is obtained, and high-precision measurement of a vector magnetic field is realized.
The laser 1 keeps constant frequency, the output optical power is about 10-20 muW, low-power emission can be realized, the laser has the advantage of low power consumption, and extra stable power control on the laser power is not needed.
The attenuator 2 is used for adjusting the laser power.
The polarizer 3 makes the laser light into linearly polarized light.
The lambda/2 wave plate 4 is used for rotating the polarization direction of linearly polarized light.
The atomic gas chamber 5 is filled with alkali metal atom (K, Rb, Cs) gas, and the inner surface of the gas chamber is coated with a high polymer material resistant to polarization relaxation, so that the influence of the collision of polarized atoms and a wall on the polarization of the atoms is reduced.
The polarization rotation detector 6 is used for detecting magneto-optical rotation and outputting a magneto-optical rotation signal.
The first and second field coils 7-1 and 7-2 can apply a static magnetic field in the Z-axis direction by feeding a direct current thereto.
The third and fourth magnetic field coils 7-3 and 7-4 can apply a static magnetic field in the Y-axis direction by supplying a direct current thereto.
The lock-in amplifier 8 is used for analyzing the components of the transmitted laser polarization rotating at the Larmor frequency and the amplitude of the components with the two times of the Larmor frequency after the transmission of the atomic gas chamber 5.
The frequency modulator 9 is used for modulating the frequency of the laser light emitted by the laser 1 for exciting the atomic resonance.
The first direct current power supply 10-1 provides stable current for the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2.
The second direct current power supply 10-2 provides stable current for the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4.
The PC 11 is used for recording the projection of the vector magnetic field to be measured on three coordinate axes.
A method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a polarization rotation detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a frequency modulator, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first direct-current power supply and a second direct-current power supply;
the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polarizer, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emitted by the laser is subjected to frequency modulation by a frequency modulator, and the modulation frequency is omegam(ii) a Laser with central frequency of exciting atomic resonance emitted by the frequency modulated laser sequentially passes through an attenuator, a polarizer, a lambda/2 wave plate, an atomic gas chamber and a polarization rotation detector;
and step 3: the power of the laser is adjusted through an attenuator, and the laser is changed into linearly polarized laser through a polarizer; rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to enable the linearly polarized laser to have polarization in the Y-axis direction, enabling the linearly polarized light with the polarization in the Y-axis direction to enter the atom air chamber to polarize atoms therein to generate tensor magnetic moment, and enabling the magnetic moment to wind a magnetic field B to be measured0Precession;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegamLamor frequency omega intrinsic to the atomLEqual; a second direct current power supply feeds stable current into the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil, and a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Y-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, so that a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in Y-axis directionY；
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the polarization direction of the laser into the Z-axis direction; a first direct current power supply feeds a stable current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil, a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, and a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in the Z-axis directionZ；
Step 6: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegam＝2ΩL(ii) a The amplitude of the larmor frequency component which is twice of the precession of the magnetic moment is the maximum, and the magnetic field B to be measured is obtained by utilizing the relationship between the precession frequency and the magnetic field size0Magnitude of component B in X-axis directionX；
And 7: according to the measured magnetic field B to be measured0Component B in the X-axis directionXComponent B in the Y-axis directionYComponent B in the Z-axis directionZObtaining a complete magnetic field B to be measured0The high-precision measurement of the vector magnetic field is realized by the magnetic vector information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a system and a method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. The invention can eliminate the problem of measurement dead zone caused by magic angle, and the laser frequency modulation amplitude and the laser intensity can not influence the measurement precision of the invention in a certain range.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring a vector magnetic field by laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation according to the present invention. Wherein the upper left corner is a schematic diagram of the established rectangular coordinate system, the origin of the coordinate is established in an atomic gas chamber, the laser is transmitted along the positive direction of the X axis and is polarized along the direction of the Y axis, B0Alpha is the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the positive direction of the initial laser polarization Y axis, and beta is the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the positive direction of the Z axis.
The assembly relationship between the components is as follows: the atomic gas chamber 5 is arranged in a magnetic field to be measured, the laser 1 modulated by frequency emits laser with the central frequency of exciting atomic resonance, and the laser passes through the attenuator 2, the polarizer 3, the lambda/2 wave plate 4, the atomic gas chamber 5 and the polarization detector 6; the phase-locked amplifier 8 is connected with the PC 11, records the precessional amplitude of magnetic moment and the corresponding modulation frequency, and controls the direct-current power supply 10 to generate a required compensation static magnetic field; the frequency modulator 9 provides a frequency reference for the lock-in amplifier 8 and simultaneously performs frequency modulation on the laser 1; the first dc power supply 10-1 feeds a dc power to the first field coil 7-1 and the second field coil 7-2 to generate a compensation static magnetic field in the Z direction, and the second dc power supply 10-2 feeds a dc power to the third field coil 7-3 and the fourth field coil 7-4 to generate a compensation static magnetic field in the Y direction.
The working principle of the nonlinear magneto-optical rotating magnetometer is as follows: as shown in figure 1, firstly, an XOYZ rectangular coordinate system is established, the power of laser with the central frequency of exciting atomic resonance emitted by a frequency-modulated laser 1 is adjusted after the laser passes through an attenuator 2, the laser is changed into linearly polarized laser by a polarizer 3, linearly polarized light has polarization in the Y-axis direction by rotating a lambda/2 wave plate 4, the linearly polarized light enters an atomic gas chamber 5 to polarize atoms therein, a tensor magnetic moment is obtained, and the magnetic moment is around to-be-measured magnetic fieldField B0Precessing, modulating the laser by modulator 9 at a modulation frequency omegam。
Research shows that when the modulation frequency omega ismLamor frequency omega intrinsic to the atomLWhen equal, the larmor resonance amplitude is proportional to the magnetic field B0The cosine value of the angle alpha with the laser polarization (positive Y-axis direction) is fed into the third magnetic field coil 7-3 and the fourth magnetic field coil 7-4 through the second direct current power supply 10-2 according to the harmonic amplitude, and the steady current is fed into the magnetic field to apply the cancellation static magnetic field in the Y direction until the harmonic amplitude is zero, so that a magnetic field B is obtained0Component B in the Y directionY(ii) a Rotating the lambda/2 wave plate 4 changes the light polarization direction to the Z direction, the Larmor resonance amplitude being proportional to the magnetic field B0The cosine value of an angle beta with the laser polarization (positive Z-axis direction) is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 through the first direct current power supply 10-1 according to the harmonic amplitude, and stable current is fed into the first magnetic field coil 7-1 and the second magnetic field coil 7-2 to apply a cancellation static magnetic field in the Z direction until the harmonic is zero, so that B is obtained0Component B in the Z directionZ(ii) a At the moment, the laser modulation frequency is adjusted to be omegam＝2ΩLIn the process, the harmonic amplitude of the precession of the magnetic moment is the maximum value, and the component size B of the magnetic field to be measured in the X direction is obtained by utilizing the relationship between the precession frequency and the magnetic field sizeX. Finally, based on the measured BX、BYAnd BZAnd complete magnetic vector information is obtained, and high-precision measurement of the magnetic vector is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A system for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a polarization rotation detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a frequency modulator, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first direct-current power supply and a second direct-current power supply; the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polarizer, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; and the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction.
2. A method for measuring a vector magnetic field by utilizing laser frequency modulation nonlinear magneto-optical rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: arranging a laser, an atomic gas chamber, a polarization rotation detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a frequency modulator, a first magnetic field coil, a second magnetic field coil, a third magnetic field coil, a fourth magnetic field coil, a first direct-current power supply and a second direct-current power supply;
the laser and the polarization rotation detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the X-axis direction, and laser with central frequency for exciting atomic resonance emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the attenuator, the polarizer, the lambda/2 wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the polarization rotation detector; the frequency modulator is connected with the laser and is used for modulating the frequency of the laser emitted by the laser; the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil are connected with a first direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Z-axis direction; the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil are connected with a second direct current power supply and are respectively arranged on two sides of the atomic gas chamber in the Y-axis direction;
step 2: the laser emitted by the laser is subjected to frequency modulation by a frequency modulator, and the modulation frequency is omegam(ii) a Center frequency of laser emission by frequency modulationLaser with the frequency of exciting atomic resonance sequentially passes through an attenuator, a polarizer, a lambda/2 wave plate, an atomic gas chamber and a polarization rotation detector;
and step 3: the power of the laser is adjusted through an attenuator, and the laser is changed into linearly polarized laser through a polarizer; rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to enable the linearly polarized laser to have polarization in the Y-axis direction, enabling the linearly polarized light with the polarization in the Y-axis direction to enter the atom air chamber to polarize atoms therein to generate tensor magnetic moment, and enabling the magnetic moment to wind a magnetic field B to be measured0Precession;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegamLamor frequency omega intrinsic to the atomLEqual; a second direct current power supply feeds stable current into the third magnetic field coil and the fourth magnetic field coil, and a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Y-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, so that a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in Y-axis directionY；
And 5: rotating the lambda/2 wave plate to change the polarization direction of the laser into the Z-axis direction; a first direct current power supply feeds a stable current into the first magnetic field coil and the second magnetic field coil, a cancellation static magnetic field is applied in the Z-axis direction until the amplitude of harmonic wave is zero, and a magnetic field B to be measured is obtained0Component B in the Z-axis directionZ；
Step 6: adjusting the modulation frequency omega of a frequency modulatormTo make omegam＝2ΩL(ii) a The amplitude of the larmor frequency component which is twice of the precession of the magnetic moment is the maximum, and the magnetic field B to be measured is obtained by utilizing the relationship between the precession frequency and the magnetic field size0Magnitude of component B in X-axis directionX；
And 7: according to the measured magnetic field B to be measured0Component B in the X-axis directionXComponent B in the Y-axis directionYComponent B in the Z-axis directionZObtaining a complete magnetic field B to be measured0The high-precision measurement of the vector magnetic field is realized by the magnetic vector information.
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