CN1130252C - 交叉波纹充填物的波纹带及其在蒸馏塔中的应用 - Google Patents

交叉波纹充填物的波纹带及其在蒸馏塔中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1130252C
CN1130252C CN98812344A CN98812344A CN1130252C CN 1130252 C CN1130252 C CN 1130252C CN 98812344 A CN98812344 A CN 98812344A CN 98812344 A CN98812344 A CN 98812344A CN 1130252 C CN1130252 C CN 1130252C
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让-伊夫·莱曼
艾提安·韦尔朗
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种波纹带,从正面看,其底边至少有一个向下突起的图形(9),它的轮廓使得,如果αm和αM代表轮廓的切线与水平方向形成的角度的代数值的极值,则有-αm>α0以及αM>α0,其中α0为一个不小于5°的预先确定的角度。本发明用于海上浮动终端或钻井平台上的空气蒸馏塔。

Description

交叉波纹充填物的波纹带及其在蒸馏塔中的应用
本发明涉及交叉波纹充填物。本发明特别用于装在浮动石油平台或驳船上的空气蒸馏器。
正如众所周知,交叉波纹充填用于某些在蒸馏平台上的蒸馏塔,以保证上升气体与下降液体之间的物质交换和热交换。这些交叉波纹充填由一些充填段重叠组成。每一段由一堆波纹带组成,每个带都在一个总的垂直平面中,一些挨着另一些。波纹是倾斜的,并且从一个带到另一个带,波纹倾斜和下降的方向相反。
波纹带一般包括很密的小直径钻孔,钻孔率约为10%,使液体能从波纹带的一面穿透到另一面。
文献GB-A-1004046和CA-A-1095827描述了这种交叉波纹充填物。
交叉波纹充填一般从一种平面产品,即带状金属片,开始制造。先将金属带折叠(或弯曲),形成一个带状的瓦楞板,瓦楞板的波纹相对于带轴是倾斜的。然后把折叠带切成一些段,并且两个段中有一个交错旋转地堆放。这样得到充填段常常叫做“充填块”。
另外,文献WO-A-90/10497描述了一种与上述交叉波纹类似、但穿孔的方法不同的充填。这里使用的“交叉波纹”一词也包括这种充填和所有类似的充填。
海上石油平台产生残余气。由于经济和环境的原因,回收这些气体越来越有必要。一种方法是用Fischer-Tropsch方法把它们转化为更重的液态烃类,因而更容易运输,这种方法消耗大量的氧气。
本发明提出解决的基本问题是实现一种满足平台或驳船条件的空气蒸馏塔,也就是在由于海浪而产生的摆动的条件下运行,摆动的幅度一般是各种方向5°-10°之间。因此必须做到,尽管存在上述摆动,分布到塔的头部的液体保证在塔的整个截面上充填物的润湿基本均匀。
因此,本发明的主题是一种用于交叉波纹充填物的波纹带,其特征是,从正面看,它的底边至少有一个向下突起的图形,图形的轮廓为,如果αm和αM代表轮廓的切线与水平方向形成角度的代数值的极值,则有
m>α0以及αM>α0
其中α0代表一个至少等于5°的预先确定的角度。
本发明所述的波纹带可以包括以下特征的一个或几个:
—这种图形沿带的底边重复多次,图形一个挨一个,或被一些基本为直线的线段分开;
—每个图形通过按照一个波纹折叠平面带得到,波纹高度为H、开放角度为γ、波峰的半径为r,波纹母线的倾斜角度为δ,选择参数H、γ、r和δ,使得 sin &delta; &CenterDot; tan &mu; &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + cos &delta; 1 + tan 2 &mu; &CenterDot; sin 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) < cos &alpha; 0 并且 tan &mu; = tan &delta; &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + &pi; 180 &CenterDot; ( 90 - &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; cos ( &gamma; 2 ) r sin ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + cos 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; r
—每个图形通过折叠前在带子的底边切两个槽得到。
本发明的另一个目的是一种包括一堆波纹带的充填段,其中至少有一个上面定义的波纹带,波纹带的波纹交替向相反方向倾斜。
本发明还有一个目的是一种蒸馏塔,这种塔包括一些重叠的交叉波纹带充填段,充填段至少有两个不同的角度方向,特别是充填段中至少有一个是上面定义的,并且塔中至少存在一个方向,充填段的整个波纹带与该方向形成的角度的余弦的平均值小于0.5,余弦取绝对值。
当塔装在一个具有一个摆动的优先方向的浮动结构上时(驳船一般就是这种情况),所述方向就是这个优先摆动的方向。
特别是,在一个实施例中,充填段的重叠由一些具有与优先摆动方向平行的波纹带的充填段和具有的与该方向垂直波纹带的充填段组成,后者的数量约占所述重叠段总数的2/3到3/4。
现在参照附图描述本发明的实施例,附图如下:
—图1为局部轴向剖视图,示意性地示处本发明的蒸馏塔;
—图2为交叉波纹充填段一部分的立体图;
—图3为一个倾斜蒸馏塔的立体示意图;
—图4为图1塔的布置的示意图;
—图5以同样的方式示出一个变型的示意图;
—图6示出图2交叉波纹带的波纹形状;
—图7从正面示出一个波纹带充填物;
—图8为放大的充填带底边;
—图9和图10为两个变型的示意图。
图1示意性地示出一个固定在驳船2上的空气蒸馏塔1,驳船2锚定在海底。驳船在浪的作用下以优先摆动方向摆动,该方向用双箭头F表示,并且包含在图的平面中。塔轴X-X垂直线上的摆动角度可能达到一个预先确定的最大值α0,α0至少等于5°,并且一般在5-10°之间。在这个摆动范围内,塔应保证满意的蒸馏。
图1示意性地示出了塔1上部内的布置。塔的上部包括重叠交叉波纹充填块的3,每个充填块的形状为占据塔的整个剖面的柱形饼状。
每个充填块3(图2)由一堆带有倾斜波纹5的波纹带4组成,在这些波纹带的整个表面上钻孔。每个波纹带4有一个总的垂直面,所有带的高度相同,并且从一个带到下一个带,波纹从一个方向向另一个方向交替倾斜。因此,相邻带的波纹互相接触,形成大量的交点。
有两类充填块3:充填块3A和3B,充填块3A的波纹带4A的方向与优先摆动方向F平行,也就是与图1的平面平行,充填块3B的波纹带4B的方向与波纹带4A垂直。
所有充填块3具有相同数量的波纹带4,但充填块3B的数量比充填块3A大得多。在本例中,充填块3B的数量是充填块3A的两倍:上块是一个块3A,然后下面是两个块3B、一个块3A、两个块3B等等。当然,可以沿整个蒸馏塔重复这种布置,也就是此例中涉及到的,一个双空气蒸馏塔的低压塔和中压塔。
然后,液体下降到塔中并在塔的头部通过分配器6分布到塔的整个截面上,液体大部分在与F方向垂直的波纹带上流动,这些波纹带有效地抵抗液体向倾斜方向偏移。充填块3A对这种偏移抵抗较小,但是它们的存在对于保证与波纹带3A垂直的液体在塔的几个层面上的重新分布是必要的。
从总体上看,充填块3B的数量可以是充填块总数的2/3到3/4。
可以通过一个叫做“液体偏移指数”的量来衡量充填物抵抗液体在摆动作用下发生偏移的能力,这个量等于d/i,其中d代表液体相对于塔轴X-X的平均偏移角,而i代表这个轴在垂直方向的倾斜角(图3)。
可以看出,这个偏移指数与整个波纹带4A和4B与F方向所成角度的余弦平均值M成正比,这些余弦值取绝对值。该指数的比例性只取决于所用充填物的类型。
使用3A和3B交替使用的普通布置,当方向F相当于波纹带两个方向的其中一个时,平均值M等于0.5,而对于所有其它方向,平均值M大于0.5。例如,当倾斜平面与波纹带的平面所成的角度θ=45°时,M=0.71.
在图4、图5中,θ代表摆动面与一个参考平面的夹角,参考平面的轨迹假设是水平的。
图4相当于上面描述的两个3B充填和一个3A充填块的布置。θ=0是波纹带4A的方向。在这种情况下,对θ=0,有M=0.33;对θ=45°,有M=0.71;对θ=90°,有M=0.67。因此,当选择优先摆动方向,如θ=0或一个接近的方向时,偏移指数较小。
在变型中,其它布置可导致液体偏移较小。如在图5的例子中,充填块与参照方向θ=0交替形成x=+60°和x=-60°。在这种情况下,θ=0给出M=0.5,θ=30°给出M=0.43,θ=90°给出M=0.87。可以看出,当选择优先摆动方向F,如θ=30°,或一个接近的方向时,偏移指数较小。当然,这里有两个合适的对称方向F。
现在参照图6-10来描述波纹带4A和4B底边的构成。
从端面看(图6),每个波纹的总体形状为三角形,具有与垂直方向D对称的直线侧边7和波纹顶部圆角8。波纹通过与方向D平行测量的总高度H、顶部的开放角γ和圆角8的半径r来定义。
从正面看(图7),每个波纹带4是一个矩形,其中波纹8相对于水平方向倾斜一个角度δ。
如果按照角度δ折叠板材的开始部分,把板材绕在在一个适当倾斜的心轴上,则它的上边和底边成为锯齿状,如图8所示的底边。因此,从正面看,底边上有一系列向下的突起9。与向右的水平方向相比,这些突起轮廓的切线在负的最小值αm和正的最大值αM之间变化。
当流到波纹带上的液体达到波纹带的底边时,每个突起9形成一个有利于液体滴到下面的充填块上并且防止液体移动到波纹带端部的低点。为了在塔轴无论怎样倾斜以及向任何方向倾斜直至达到上述角度α0的情况下产生这种现象,选择参数H、r、γ、和δ,使得:
m>α0以及αM>α0
这可以通过下面的条件得到: sin &delta; &CenterDot; tan &mu; &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + cos &delta; 1 + tan 2 &mu; &CenterDot; sin 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) < cos &alpha; 0 并且 tan &mu; = tan &delta; &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + &pi; 180 &CenterDot; ( 90 - &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; r sin ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + cos 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; r
正如图9、10所示,对于装在船上的塔,沿波纹带4的底边的低点还可以通过在板材折叠前在该底边上做出一系列的槽10得到,这些槽具有适当的轮廓,如图中所示的圆弧或椭圆弧,也可以是多边形等等。这些槽10之间形成突起9,一些槽和另一些槽之间可以被一些直线段分开(图8),或者一些与另一些相邻(图9)。
在图9的情况下,-αm=αM=45°,在图10中,-αm=αM=90°。板材折叠后,这些值略有变化,但对所考虑的应用,仍大大高于规定的α0值,正如前面所指出的,这些值在5-10°之间。
正如人们所了解的,本发明还用于固定的、但轴不完全垂直的塔。

Claims (7)

1.用于蒸馏塔(1)的交叉波纹充填物的波纹带,塔(1)的轴(X-X)可能倾斜到一个至少等于5°的预先确定的角度α0,其特征在于,从正面看,其底边至少包括一个向下突起的图形(9),它的轮廓使得,如果αm和αM代表轮廓的切线与水平方向形成角度的代数值的极值,则有-αm>α0以及αM>α0;图形(9)通过根据波纹折叠一平面带得到,波纹的高度为H,开放角为γ,波顶半径为r,从正面看,波纹的母线倾斜角度为δ,选择参数H、r、γ、和δ,使得 sin &delta; &CenterDot; tan &mu; &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + cos &delta; 1 + tan 2 &mu; &CenterDot; sin 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) < cos &alpha; 0 并且 tab&mu; = tan &delta; &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + &pi; 180 &CenterDot; ( 90 - &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; cos ( &gamma; 2 ) r sin ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; [ r &CenterDot; sin ( &gamma; 2 ) + H 2 - r ] + cos 2 ( &gamma; 2 ) &CenterDot; r
2.根据权利要求1所述的波纹带,其特征在于,图形(9)沿带(4)的底边重复多次,该图形一些挨着另一些,或者被一些基本为直线的线段(11)分开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的波纹带,其特征在于,图形(9)通过折叠前在带的底边切两个槽(10)得到。
4.用于蒸馏塔(1)的交叉波纹充填段,塔(1)的轴(X-X)可以倾斜到一个至少等于5°的预先确定的角度α0,其特征在于,它包括一堆垂直的波纹带(4),它们的波纹(8)交替向相反方向倾斜,波纹带的底边至少包括一个向下突起的图形,它的轮廓使得,如果αm和αM代表轮廓的切线与水平方向形成角度的代数值的极值,则有-αm>α0以及αM>α0
5.蒸馏塔(1),其特征在于,它包括至少有两个不同的角度方向的重叠交叉波纹充填段(3A,3B),充填段中至少有一个符合权利要求4,并且至少存在一个方向(F),充填段的整个波纹带(4A,4B)与该方向(F)形成角度的余弦平均值小于0.5,余弦取绝对值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的蒸馏塔,其特征在于,安装在一个具有优先摆动方向的浮动结构(2)上,并且所述方向(F)为该优先摆动方向。
7.根据权利要求6所述的蒸馏塔,其特征在于,重叠充填段由带有与优先摆动方向平行的波纹带(4A)的充填段(3A)和带有与该方向垂直的波纹带(4B)的充填段(3B)组成,后者的数量为所述重叠段总数的2/3到4/3。
CN98812344A 1997-11-17 1998-11-09 交叉波纹充填物的波纹带及其在蒸馏塔中的应用 Expired - Fee Related CN1130252C (zh)

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