CN113024309A - Low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver which is composed of the following raw materials: organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, urea and polyvinyl alcohol. The invention also provides an application method of the modifying agent, which comprises the following steps: when planting plants with shallow root systems, uniformly spreading the modifying agent, then turning over soil, ridging, planting on two sides of a ridge, and watering by drip irrigation; or, deep ploughing soil, ridging, applying the modifying agent on the ridges, uniformly mixing the modifying agent and the soil, planting on the ridges, and watering by drip irrigation; when planting deep root plants, deep ploughing soil, ridging, spreading or hole-spreading the modifying agent on the ridges, planting the plants, and watering by drip irrigation. The modifier can be applied to coastal saline soil with the total salt content of 0.6-3%. The conditioner is used for improving coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, the application method is simple, the cost is low, the environment is protected, the soil desalination rate reaches 30-50%, and the organic matter is improved by 20-30%.

Description

Low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver and an application method thereof.

Background

The phenomena of soil salinization and secondary salinization become more and more serious, and the method is one of main barrier factors for restricting agricultural production and is also an important factor for influencing the ecological environment. Coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in coastal areas of China, has high content of chloride salt in soil, viscous soil and poor air permeability, is difficult to grow general plants, is mostly light land and has severe ecological environment, and the development of regional agriculture and the construction of habitable environment are severely restricted. But the saline-alkali soil is an important land reserve resource. Scientific utilization of saline-alkali land resources is an urgent need for supplementing cultivated land resources, guaranteeing national food safety and improving economic, social and ecological benefits of saline-alkali areas. Therefore, the reasonable development and utilization of saline-alkali soil is a hot problem which is always concerned and researched by many scholars at home and abroad.

In the aspect of saline-alkali soil improvement, scholars at home and abroad make a great deal of research, and measures such as engineering, chemistry, biology, physics and the like are applied and have certain effects. However, the measures have the defects of large engineering quantity, long period, slow effect, high cost and the like.

Measures for improving saline-alkali soil by using a single material or a combination of multiple materials to prepare an improver have also been widely applied, and the number of related patents is not small, for example, a special improver for viscous saline-alkali soil and an improvement method thereof (201610546755.0), a saline-alkali soil improver and an application method thereof (201611236934.0), a high-efficiency saline-alkali soil improver based on organic fertilizer and river sand (201711341468.7), a saline-alkali soil improver based on coastal beach and an application thereof (2015104206370) and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the modifier uses few raw materials, is cheap in raw material price and is easy to obtain, but through scientific experiments and result demonstration, the modifier has an effective effect on improving coastal saline soil with the salt content of 0.6-3%.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight, wherein the total salt mass content W of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is 0.6% -3%: 158 portions of organic fertilizer 118-.

Preferably, the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 140 portions of organic fertilizer 130-140 portions, 1.33-1.8 portions of calcium superphosphate, 1.2-1.5 portions of urea and 0.015-0.018 portion of polyvinyl alcohol

Preferably, when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than 1%, the modifier is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 118 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.33 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.67 parts of urea and 0.017 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

Preferably, when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 1% and less than 2%, the modifier is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 158 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 0.013 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

Preferably, when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, the modifier is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 158 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.67 parts of urea and 0.02 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 60-70% of cow dung, 20-30% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared from termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces falciparum, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the ratio of 3:3:3:3:21, the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Compared with the prior art, the modifier has the advantages of simple raw material composition, selection of only four raw materials, wide raw material source, low price, convenient acquisition, low cost and good modification effect. Experiments prove that the cost of improving the heavy saline-alkali land by the conditioner is 180-900 yuan per mu, the annual survival rate of planted plants reaches more than 80 percent, the soil desalination rate of the heavy saline-alkali land reaches 30 to 50 percent, the organic matter is improved by 20 to 30 percent, and the purpose of co-survival of common plants and salt can be achieved.

The invention also provides a low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver for improving the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, and the technical scheme is as follows:

in addition, the invention also provides an application method of the low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver for improving the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, and when the improver is used for raw soil greening and facility agricultural planting, the application method of the improver comprises the following steps: when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than 1%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 200kg-400 kg; when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 1% and less than 2%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 500kg-700 kg; when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 800kg-1000 kg.

Preferably, when the amendment is used in facility agriculture, the method for improving soil when planting plants with shallow roots is as follows: firstly, uniformly spreading the modifying agent on the coastal heavy saline-alkali land, then turning over for 20-30 cm, ridging, planting plants on two sides of the ridge, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering; or, deep ploughing and then ridging, applying the modifying agent on the ridges in a furrow manner, properly reducing the using amount of the modifying agent by 30-50%, then blending and uniformly mixing the modifying agent and soil, leveling, planting plants on two sides of the ridges, and carrying out drip irrigation to supply water;

the method for improving the soil during planting of the deep root system plants comprises the following steps: deep ploughing 40-50 cm, ridging, sowing the same ridge with the plant with the shallow root system, then spreading or performing hole application on the ridge, uniformly mixing with soil during hole application, then planting the plant, and watering by drip irrigation.

Preferably, in the method for improving the soil during planting of the shallow root system plants and the method for improving the soil during planting of the deep root system plants, the ridge shoulder width is 40cm-60cm, the ridge height is 20cm-30cm, and the ridge distance is 120 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the saline-alkali soil modifier is simple in raw material composition, agricultural wastes such as cow dung, straw and mushroom slag are used as raw materials, the raw materials are convenient to obtain and low in cost, the saline-alkali soil is effectively modified, resource utilization of the agricultural wastes is realized, the organic fertilizer is fermented by low-temperature compound bacteria consisting of termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, the compound bacteria have low-temperature starting and strong cellulose degradation capability, can quickly decompose rice straws, solves the problem that the rice straws are not easy to decompose, is more suitable for northern areas with low temperature in winter and spring, and can realize that the rice straws harvested in the same year are decomposed in the same year.

2. The invention respectively selects three material types of the modifying agent and finally strictly tests the optimal dosage of the four materials, and makes a horizontal group and a control group to analyze the test result and finally confirm the mass parts of the material components of the modifying agent, and the data has higher scientificity and persuasion.

3. The formula of the conditioner comprises a material for providing exchangeable calcium ions, a material for providing organic matters, a material for providing nitrogen and a material for improving the soil structure, so that the salinity of the soil can be reduced, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the aim of comprehensively improving the soil of the saline-alkali soil can be fulfilled; the desalting rate of the soil can reach 30-50 percent, and the organic matter is improved by 20-30 percent.

4. The application method of the modifier is simple, only the four raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion and then are broadcast, the mechanical operation is convenient, the use cost is reduced, and the cost for improving the coastal heavy saline-alkali land per mu by using the modifier is 900 yuan.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the improving agent of example 1 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 6 on the salinity of soil.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the amendment of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the present invention on the nutrient content of soil.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the improving agent of example 1 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 6 on the volume weight of soil.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effects of the improving agents of example 1 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 6 on the plant height and biomass of sesbania.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effects of the improving agents of example 2 and comparative examples 7 to 9 of the present invention on the plant height, biomass and soil physicochemical properties of sesbania.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effects of the improving agents of example 3, comparative example 10 and comparative example 11 of the present invention on the plant height, biomass and physicochemical properties of soil of sesbania.

FIG. 7 shows the effect of the material combination of the mild and moderate saline-alkali soil on the growth index of wheat in example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows the effect of the moderate saline-alkali soil material combination on the wheat growth index in example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows the effect of the combination of materials in severe saline-alkali soil on the growth index of wheat in example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows the physicochemical properties of soil microorganisms under the ridging action in example 7 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 118 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1.67 parts of urea and 0.02 part of polyvinyl alcohol. The calcium superphosphate is prepared from calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca (H)₂PO₄)₂And gypsum CaSO₄·2H₂O composition, effective P₂O₅The content is more than or equal to 18 percent, the calcium content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the calcium is purchased from the market; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by a microbial agent: cow dung70 percent of rice straw, 20 percent of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Comparative example 1

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of cow dung and 30% of mushroom residue.

Comparative example 2

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of chicken manure and 30% of mushroom residue.

Comparative example 3

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of chicken manure and 30% of rice straw.

Comparative example 4

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of cow dung and 30% of rice straw.

Comparative example 5

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of sheep manure and 30% of rice straw.

Comparative example 6

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 1, and is different in that the organic fertilizer is formed by stacking the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by using a microbial agent: 70% of sheep manure and 30% of wood dust.

The modifier in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 6 is used for 7 saline-alkali soil areas with the same area, wherein the surface layer of the soil in the Tanshan city Cao Fei Dian region has the salt content of 0.7 to 3 percent, the volume weight of 1.55 to 2.27 and the organic matter content of 5.12 to 13.65 g/kg; the same application method was used: firstly, turning the soil with a hook machine to a depth of 50cm, then smashing soil blocks with a rotary cultivator, leveling the soil, wherein the area of each soil block is 3.6 x 9m²＝32.4m²The soil areas are separated from each other by a drainage ditch, and the width of the ditch is 50 cm. Ridging and planting in a soil area, wherein the width of ridge shoulders is 40cm, the height of ridges is 30cm, the ridge distance is 120cm, applying a modifying agent in a furrow on the ridges, turning over for 2 times to mix the modifying agent into the soil with the thickness of 0-30cm, performing drip irrigation to supply water uniformly, ensuring that the water supply amount of each soil area is consistent, and planting plants are sesbania. And setting another group of soil areas as blank control, and adding no modifier into the soil, wherein the rest methods are the same as the above.

The modifiers of comparative example 1, comparative examples 2-6 are labeled F1-F7, respectively, and the blank is labeled CK;

by comparing the change of the soil salt rejection rate in the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the mature stage, the result is shown in figure 1, except for the blank control, the soil with the residual improver is reduced in the soil full salt content in the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the mature stage, the treatment salt rejection rate of the improver applied in the seedling stage is 15.43-56.80%, the F2 treatment salt rejection rate is the highest, the blank control has the salt return phenomenon, and the full salt content is increased by 2.35% on the contrary; the desalination rate of all treatments in the flowering period is 24.17-83.16%, the blank control desalination rate is the lowest, and the F2 treatment desalination rate is the highest; the desalting rates of all treatments in the maturation period are 25.60-78.27%, and are the lowest in comparison and the highest in F2 treatment.

FIG. 2 shows the change of soil nutrients (available phosphorus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter) after different modifying agents are applied, and it can be seen that the change regularity is not strong in all treatments, the content of the alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen and the available potassium in all the treatments shows the trend of small decrease in seedling stage and straight increase in flowering stage and mature stage, and the increase range difference among the treatments is not obvious; the content of the quick-acting phosphorus and the organic matters in all the treatments shows a small increase in the seedling emergence period, a large increase in the flowering period and a trend of partial treatment in the maturation period to decrease, wherein F2 and F6 are obviously increased, and particularly in the aspect of the content of the organic matters, F2 reaches the highest point in the maturation period. It can be seen that F2 has a better effect on increasing soil nutrients.

According to the analysis of the influence of different types of improving agents on the volume weight of the soil, the result (figure 3) shows that compared with the original soil, the volume weight of most of the treatments except the blank control is reduced to some extent in the sesbania anthesis period, and the volume weight of the soil treated by most of the treatments is increased to a mature period in different degrees. The treatment F2 and the treatment F5 have little change, the effect is relatively durable, and the soil performance is relatively tight.

TABLE 1 second national survey of soil and results of relevant standards

Rank of	1	2	3	4	5	6
							Numerical range	>1.0	1.0-1.25	1.25-1.35	1.35-1.45	1.45-1.55	<1.55
Properties	Guo Song	Is suitable for	Biased tight	Compact and firm	Over compact	Is firm and solid

By investigating the plant height and biomass of sesbania in the mature period of each treatment, as shown in FIG. 4, the biomass is not changed greatly and is not different significantly, and F2 and F6 are higher than those of the rest treatments; in the aspect of plant height, the change among treatments is large, wherein the plant heights of F2, F3, F4 and F6 are high, and the treatment of F2 (cow dung, rice straw and mushroom residue) and F6 (sheep dung, rice straw) is better comprehensively seen.

Example 2

The low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 140 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.33 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 parts of urea and 0.018 part of polyvinyl alcohol. The calcium superphosphate is prepared from calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca (H)₂PO₄)₂And gypsum CaSO₄·2H₂O composition, effective P₂O₅The content is more than or equal to 18 percent, the calcium content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the calcium is purchased from the market; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by a microbial agent: 65% of cow dung, 25% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Comparative example 7

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil modifier of the comparative example is the same as that in example 2, except that the material for providing exchangeable calcium ions is phosphogypsum, and the weight part is 53.2 parts.

Comparative example 8

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver of the comparative example is the same as that in example 2, except that the material for providing exchangeable calcium ions is calcium chloride, and the weight part of the material is 1.33 parts.

Comparative example 9

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver of the comparative example is the same as that in example 2, and the difference is that the material for providing exchangeable calcium ions is attapulgite, and the weight part is 3.19 parts.

The modifier in the embodiment 2 and the comparative examples 7 to 9 is used for 4 saline-alkali soil areas with the same area, wherein the surface layer of the soil in the Tanshan city Cao Fei Dian region has the salt content of 0.7 to 3 percent, the volume weight of 1.55 to 2.27 and the organic matter content of 5.12 to 13.65 g/kg; the same application method was used: firstly, turning the soil with a hook machine to a depth of 50cm, then smashing soil blocks with a rotary cultivator, leveling the soil, wherein the area of each soil block is 3.6 x 9m²＝32.4m²The soil areas are separated from each other by a drainage ditch, and the width of the ditch is 50 cm. Ridging and planting in a soil area, wherein the width of ridge shoulders is 40cm, the height of ridges is 30cm, the ridge distance is 120cm, applying a modifying agent in a furrow on the ridges, turning over for 2 times to mix the modifying agent into the soil with the thickness of 0-30cm, performing drip irrigation to supply water uniformly, ensuring that the water supply amount of each soil area is consistent, and planting plants are sesbania. And setting another group of soil areas as blank control, and adding no modifier into the soil, wherein the rest methods are the same as the above.

The modifiers of comparative example 7, comparative example 8, example 2, comparative example 9 were labeled Ga1-Ga4, respectively;

through the measurement of the physicochemical properties of the soil to which the four modifying agents are applied and the investigation of the sesbania biomass and the plant height, as shown in fig. 5, the radar patterns formed by all treatments are consistent, and the areas of the radar patterns of the Ga3 treatment and the Ga1 treatment are larger, so that the Ga3 is best in performance in view of all indexes, which shows that Ga3 (calcium superphosphate) can increase the nutrients of the soil and reduce the salt content of the soil, thereby increasing the plant height of the sesbania and finally realizing the increase of the yield of the sesbania.

Example 3

The low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 158 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 0.013 part of polyvinyl alcohol. The calcium superphosphate is prepared from calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca (H)₂PO₄)₂And gypsum CaSO₄·2H₂O composition, effective P₂O₅The content is more than or equal to 18 percent, the calcium content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the calcium is purchased from the market; (ii) a The organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by a microbial agent: 60% of cow dung, 25% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Comparative example 10

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil conditioner of the comparative example is the same as that in example 3, and is different in that the material for improving the soil structure is polyacrylamide, and the weight part is 0.015.

Comparative example 11

The coastal heavy saline-alkali soil conditioner of the comparative example is the same as that in example 3, and is different in that the material for improving the soil structure is polyethylene glycol, and the weight portion is 0.015.

The modifier in the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 10 and 11 is used for 3 saline-alkali soil areas with the same area, wherein the surface layer of the soil in the Tanshan city Cao Fei Dian region has the salt content of 0.7-3%, the volume weight of 1.55-2.27 and the organic matter content of 5.12-13.65 g/kg; the same application method was used: firstly, turning the soil with a hook machine to a depth of 50cm, then smashing soil blocks with a rotary cultivator, leveling the soil, wherein the area of each soil block is 3.6 x 9m²＝32.4m²The soil areas are separated from each other by a drainage ditch, and the width of the ditch is 50 cm. Ridging and planting in a soil area, wherein the width of ridge shoulders is 40cm, the height of ridges is 30cm, the ridge distance is 120cm, and a modifying agent is applied to the ridges in a furrow mannerAnd (3) after 2 times of backward turning, mixing the modifier material into the soil with the thickness of 0-30cm, and performing drip irrigation to supply water uniformly, so that the water supply of each soil area is consistent, and the planted plants are sesbania. And setting another group of soil areas as blank control, and adding no modifier into the soil, wherein the rest methods are the same as the above.

The modifiers of comparative example 10, example 3, comparative example 11 are labeled JG1-JG3, respectively;

through the measurement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil to which the three modifying agents are applied and the investigation of sesbania biomass and plant height, as shown in a radar chart of fig. 6, the differences of biomass, plant height, volume weight, quick-acting potassium and organic matters of the three treatments are not large, and only the differences exist between conductivity and quick-acting phosphorus, wherein the effect of increasing the quick-acting phosphorus is obvious when the JG3 is treated, but the conductivity is higher; the effect of the treatment JG2 on reducing the salt content of soil is obvious, and the effect of the treatment JG2 on increasing the available phosphorus is intermediate, so that the selection of JG2 (polyvinyl alcohol) is more suitable.

Example 4

The method is carried out in a greenhouse of a testing base of coastal agriculture research institute of academy of agriculture and forestry, Hebei province, the soil to be tested is saline-alkali raw soil, the total salt content is 2% -4%, the raw soil is collected from Tianxu ecological agriculture Limited company and sieved, and the raw soil and light soil are mixed to prepare heavy saline-alkali soil, medium saline-alkali soil and light saline-alkali soil, wherein the total salt content of the heavy saline-alkali soil is 2.5%, the total salt content of the medium saline-alkali soil is 1.5%, and the total salt content of the light saline-alkali soil is 0.8%; the plant is wheat.

And (4) carrying out optimization research on the using amount of the soil improvement material by adopting a pot experiment and an orthogonal experiment. Using material type as 4 factors, setting 4 horizontal groups for each factor, and adopting orthogonal table L₁₆(4⁴) Designing a test, carrying out 16 treatments (table 2), wherein the dosage of each factor is shown in table 3, uniformly mixing the modifier material and the prepared soil, putting the mixture into flowerpots with the diameter of 25cm, treating 20 pots each, separating the flowerpots from the flowerpots, carrying out drip irrigation to uniformly supply water, ensuring that the water supply amount of each pot is consistent, and planting wheat; the organic fertilizer in the modifier consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65% of cow dung, 25% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue. Investigating survival condition of wheat seedlings, investigating tillering condition, measuring plant height, testingAfter the experiment, the root length and the biomass are measured by sampling.

TABLE 2L₁₆(4⁴) Orthogonal test design sheet

TABLE 3 dosage table for various factors

The test results show that:

as shown in fig. 7, a formula of a modifier suitable for light coastal saline-alkali soil is researched from four indexes of plant height, root length, fresh weight and tiller number of wheat, wherein each index can be screened out to obtain an optimal combination, the four indexes are required to be considered for obtaining the most suitable formula of the modifier, and the optimal combination according to the plant height index is A1B3C1D 3; the optimal combination according to the root length index is A2B4C3D 4; the optimal combination according to the fresh weight index is A2B3C3D 4; the optimal combination according to the tillering number index is A2B3C3D 4; the optimal combination of the conditioner suitable for the mild coastal saline-alkali soil is A2B3C3D 3.

As shown in fig. 8, a formula of the modifier suitable for moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is researched from four indexes of plant height, root length, fresh weight and tiller number of wheat, wherein each index can be screened out to obtain an optimal combination, the four indexes are required to be considered for obtaining the most suitable formula of the modifier, and the optimal combination according to the plant height index is A1B4C1D 2; the optimal combination according to the root length index is A1B4C3D 3; the optimal combination according to the fresh weight index is A1B4C1D 4; the optimal combination according to the tillering number index is A1B3C2D 2; the optimal combination of the conditioner suitable for the moderate coastal saline-alkali soil is A1B4C1D 2.

As shown in fig. 9, a formula of the modifier suitable for severe coastal saline-alkali soil is researched from four indexes of plant height, root length, fresh weight and tiller number of wheat, wherein each index can be screened out to obtain an optimal combination, the four indexes are required to be considered for obtaining the most suitable formula of the modifier, and the optimal combination according to the plant height index is A4B4C3D 4; the optimal combination according to the root length index is A4B3C3D 4; the optimal combination according to the fresh weight index is A4B4C4D 4; the optimal combination according to the tillering number index is A1B4C4D 1; the optimal combination of the conditioner suitable for the severe coastal saline-alkali soil is A4B4C3D4 or A4B4C4D4, and the A4B4C3D4 is selected finally in consideration of cost reasons.

Through data analysis and cost consideration, the optimal material combination (the salt content is 0.2%) of the mild saline-alkali soil, namely A2B3C3D3 and 30g/m of calcium superphosphate²2667g/m of organic fertilizer²37.5g/m urea²Polyvinyl alcohol 0.375g/m²(ii) a Limiting factor: urea and organic fertilizer; the optimal material combination (salt content 0.5%) of moderate saline-alkali soil A1B4C1D2 and calcium superphosphate 22.5g/m²2556g/m of organic fertilizer²Urea 22.5g/m²0.3g/m polyvinyl alcohol²(ii) a Limiting factor: urea and organic fertilizer; the optimal material combination (salt content is 2%) of severe saline-alkali soil A4B4C3D4 and calcium superphosphate 45g/m²2556g/m of organic fertilizer²37.5g/m urea²Polyvinyl alcohol 0.45g/m²(ii) a Limiting factor: calcium superphosphate, organic fertilizer, urea and polyvinyl alcohol.

22.5g of the saline-alkali soil improver is used as one portion, and the formula of the saline-alkali soil improver with different degrees is as follows:

TABLE 4 saline-alkali soil improver formula with different degrees

The saline-alkali soil improver is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 158 portions of organic fertilizer 118-.

Example 5

The low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.2 parts of urea and 0.015 part of polyvinyl alcohol. The calcium superphosphate is prepared from calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca (H)₂PO₄)₂And gypsum CaSO₄·2H₂O composition, effective P₂O₅Content is more than or equal to 18 percent, calciumThe content is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the material is purchased from the market; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by a microbial agent: 65% of cow dung, 20% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Example 6

The low-cost, green and environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 135 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.35 parts of urea and 0.017 part of polyvinyl alcohol. The calcium superphosphate is prepared from calcium dihydrogen phosphate Ca (H)₂PO₄)₂And gypsum CaSO₄·2H₂O composition, effective P₂O₅The content is more than or equal to 18 percent, and the calcium content is more than or equal to 15 percent; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing the raw materials by a microbial agent: 65% of cow dung, 25% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

Example 7

Selecting coastal soil formed by piling up after the pond and the shrimp pond are retreated and returned to the field as a test field, wherein salt is mainly chloride, the total salt content of the soil is 20-40 g/kg, the pH value is 8.11, the organic matter content is 7.92-14.53 g/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 5.54-12.26 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 225.08-298.87 mg/kg, and the quick-acting nitrogen is 14.00-56.00 mg/kg. The method is carried out in 5-10 months, firstly, the soil is turned over by a hook machine with the depth of 50cm, and then, the soil blocks are smashed by a rotary cultivator, and the soil is leveled.

Two factors were set for the experiment, one being a comparison of 3 modifiers: low cost Green modifier (example 5)Modifying agent), first generation modifying agent (cow dung 7 square/mu, phosphogypsum 1500 kg/mu, corn stalk 3 square/mu and humic acid 250 kg/mu) and blank control; the second factor is 2 cultivation measures comparison: planting on flat ground and ridging. Total 6 treatments, 5 replicates, and total 30 planting areas, each area 3.6 x 9m²＝32.4m²The planting areas are separated by drainage ditches, the width of each ditch is 50cm, the modifying agent is applied to the ditches, 0-30cm of soil is mixed, uniform water supply is realized through drip irrigation, the water supply amount of each area is ensured to be consistent, the plants are planted at the bottom of 4 months, the isatis tinctoria is planted, and the seeding amount of each area is consistent.

The number of seedlings of Isatis tinctoria treated by different cultivation measures and biomass analysis are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Effect of different cultivation measures on the emergence of Isatis tinctoria and on the aboveground biomass

From the analysis of the data in table 5, it was found from the cultivation measures that the ridging treatment was better in both the number of seedlings and aboveground biomass than the flat land, and that there were significant differences in the number of seedlings, biomass at 9 and 10 months, except that there was no significant difference between the biomass at 7 months aboveground.

The number of emerged seedlings of Isatis tinctoria and biomass analysis after the application of the different modifiers are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Effect of modifying agents on the emergence of Isatis tinctoria and on the aboveground Biomass

Analyzing the data in table 6, the treatment with low-cost green improver applied was significantly higher in number of emergence than the generation improver and the blank control, with the 7 month biomass appearing as a low-cost green improver significantly higher than the remaining two treatments in terms of biomass, and the 9 and 10 month biomass appearing as two treatments with improver applied as significantly higher than the blank control, with no significant difference between the two improver treatments. It can be seen that 2 kinds of improving agents can improve the emergence rate and biomass of isatis tinctoria, but the low-cost green improving agent not only has the effects, but also has the cost lower than that of the first generation improving agent (2700 Yuan/mu).

By analyzing the salt content, the volume weight, the organic matter content and the available nitrogen content of the soil in the later growth stage of the isatis tinctoria under the ridging measure, as shown in figure 10, the results show that compared with blank treatment of photography and application of a first-generation conditioner, the salt content is reduced by 90%, the volume weight is reduced by 16%, the organic matter content is increased by 20% and the available nitrogen content is increased by 10% when the low-cost green conditioner is applied.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight, wherein the total salt mass content W of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is 0.6% -3%: 158 portions of organic fertilizer 118-.

2. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 140 portions of organic fertilizer 130-140 portions, 1.33-1.8 portions of calcium superphosphate, 1.2-1.5 portions of urea and 0.015-0.018 portion of polyvinyl alcohol.

3. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than 1%, the improver is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 118 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.33 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.67 parts of urea and 0.017 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

4. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 1% and less than 2%, the improver is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 158 parts of organic fertilizer, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 0.013 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

5. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, the improver is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 158 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.67 parts of urea and 0.02 part of polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The low-cost environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting the following raw materials in percentage by mass and fermenting and decomposing by using a microbial agent: 60-70% of cow dung, 20-30% of rice straw and the balance of mushroom residue; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding termite bacteria, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces welfare, staphylococcus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:3:2:1, and the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10⁸Per gram; the mass content of nitrogen in the urea is 46 percent; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVC24-88 powder with fineness larger than 120 meshes.

7. The low-cost green environment-friendly coastal heavy saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used for improving coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, and when the improver is used for original soil greening and facility agricultural planting, the application method of the improver is as follows: when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 0.6% and less than 1%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 200kg-400 kg; when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 1% and less than 2%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 500kg-700 kg; when the total salt mass content of the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 3%, the mu dosage of the modifying agent is 800kg-1000 kg.

8. The use of claim 7, wherein when the amendment is used in facility agriculture, the method for improving soil when planting plants with shallow roots is as follows: firstly, uniformly spreading the modifying agent on the coastal heavy saline-alkali land, then turning over for 20-30 cm, ridging, planting plants on two sides of the ridge, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering; or, deep ploughing and then ridging, applying the modifying agent on the ridges in a furrow manner, properly reducing the using amount of the modifying agent by 30-50%, then blending and uniformly mixing the modifying agent and soil, leveling, planting plants on two sides of the ridges, and carrying out drip irrigation to supply water;

the method for improving the soil during planting of the deep root system plants comprises the following steps: deep ploughing 40-50 cm, ridging, sowing the same ridge with the plant with the shallow root system, then spreading or performing hole application on the ridge, uniformly mixing with soil during hole application, then planting the plant, and watering by drip irrigation.

9. The use of claim 8, wherein the method for improving soil when planting plants with shallow roots and the method for improving soil when planting plants with deep roots have ridge shoulder width of 40cm-60cm, ridge height of 20cm-30cm and ridge spacing of 120 cm.

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