CN113020621B - Additive manufacturing method and device based on discharge - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method and device based on discharge Download PDFInfo
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing method and device based on discharge, wherein the additive manufacturing method based on discharge comprises the following steps: acquiring a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be machined, and determining each layer of shape and each part of material of the workpiece to be machined according to the three-dimensional model; determining the motion parameters of the driving device according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts; and the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on the working platform according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters of the working electrode so as to obtain the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model. According to the invention, a plurality of motion parameters and a plurality of preset electrical parameters are obtained according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts, and then the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters by the working electrode so as to obtain the work with the same three-dimensional model, so that the processing precision and the processing efficiency can be set, the additive manufacturing is more intelligent, and the technical problems of gradient functional materials and high-entropy alloy printing are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method and device based on discharge.
Background
Additive manufacturing is also called 3D printing, is a manufacturing method for accumulating materials layer by layer, and can be quickly and integrally formed into a product with a complex structure. The additive manufacturing is completely opposite to the traditional processing mode of removing materials, the complex structure can be sliced layer by layer, the complex three-dimensional entity is converted into a two-dimensional slice, then a scanning path is generated according to the shape of the slice, and finally, a machine is used for stacking and fusing the raw materials layer by layer according to the generated scanning path to complete the construction of the three-dimensional entity.
Three heat sources are commonly used in a typical metal additive manufacturing method, namely a laser heat source, an electron beam heat source and a plasma beam heat source. For laser fabrication processes, high power laser devices are bulky and costly. In the manufacturing process, the size of the light spot is generally 40-500 μm, so that the micro-nano metal additive manufacturing is difficult to realize. The power of an electron beam heat source can be much higher than that of laser, and the absorption rate of the material to the energy of the electron beam is also higher than that of the laser, so that the electron beam can be used as the heat source to process some materials with higher melting points and lower laser absorption rates, such as: aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and the like. But do notThe equipment structure is complex and expensive, a vacuum bin furnace is needed, the forming precision is low, and the micro-machining of a complex structure cannot be completed. The existing additive manufacturing technology of a plasma beam (electric arc) heat source has high forming speed, and the forming volume per hour is about 300-1000 cm 3 The energy utilization efficiency is high, the operation cost is low, but the plasma beam (electric arc) heat source action area is large, the wire is mostly used as a supply mode, the diameter of the wire is about 1mm, the process characteristics determine that the precision is not high, the forming stability is poor, and the defect that the micro-nano metal additive manufacturing forming is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an additive manufacturing method based on electric discharge, which can finish the processing of a fine structure and can also design a product with larger size.
The invention further provides an additive manufacturing device based on the discharge.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a discharge-based additive manufacturing method, comprising:
acquiring a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be processed, and determining the shape of each layer and each part of material of the workpiece to be processed according to the three-dimensional model;
determining the motion parameters of a driving device according to the shapes of the layers and the materials of the parts;
and the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on the working platform according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters of the working electrode so as to obtain the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model.
The additive manufacturing method based on discharge of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: a plurality of motion parameters are obtained according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts, then the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters and the working electrode according to preset electrical parameters to obtain the workpiece with the same three-dimensional model, so that the processing precision and the processing efficiency can be automatically set, the additive manufacturing is more intelligent, and the technical problems of gradient functional materials and high-entropy alloy printing are solved.
Discharge-based additive manufacturing methods according to further embodiments of the present invention further comprise:
injecting working liquid on the working platform, and injecting metal powder on the working liquid;
the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in a processing area of the workpiece to be processed;
the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on the working platform according to the motion parameters and the working electrode according to the preset electrical parameters so as to obtain the workpiece same as the three-dimensional model, and the driving device comprises:
the driving device adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters;
and the working electrode discharges according to the preset electrical parameters to deposit the metal powder so as to finish the layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be processed, so as to obtain the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, an electric discharge-based additive manufacturing method, in which the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in a machining area of the workpiece to be machined, includes:
the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in the processing area, and the processing area is completely immersed in the working liquid;
or the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in the processing area, and the processing area is positioned on the surface of the working solution.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, in an electric discharge-based additive manufacturing method, the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on a working platform according to the motion parameter and the preset electrical parameter, so as to obtain the same workpiece as the three-dimensional model, including:
the driving device adjusts a discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the motion parameters;
and the working electrode generates discharge according to the preset electrical parameters to melt the metal wire of the wire feeding mechanism so as to finish the layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be processed, so as to obtain the workpiece same as the three-dimensional model.
According to further embodiments of the invention, the discharge-based additive manufacturing method further comprises:
and after the metal powder is injected into the working solution, a stirring device is used for stirring the working solution.
Discharge-based additive manufacturing methods according to further embodiments of the present invention further comprise:
when the metal powder in the working liquid needs to be replaced, the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder from floating upwards;
the filtering system extracts the metal powder on the surface of the working solution and then filters the metal powder;
and re-injecting the metal powder into the working solution according to the corresponding material of each part.
According to further embodiments of the present invention, the preset electrical parameter of the working electrode is determined according to a current type of a power input and a related current parameter, the current type including: regulated dc and pulsed current.
According to further embodiments of the invention, the method of electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing comprises: the driving device adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters, and comprises:
the vertical driving mechanism adjusts a discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the motion parameters;
and the horizontal driving mechanism controls the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides an electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition module, a processing module and a processing module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be processed and determining the shape of each layer and each part of material of the workpiece to be processed according to the three-dimensional model;
the calculation module is used for determining motion parameters according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts;
the working electrode is used for processing the workpiece to be processed according to preset electrical parameters;
and the driving device is used for driving the position of the working electrode according to the motion parameters so as to enable the workpiece to be machined into a workpiece corresponding to the three-dimensional model.
The additive manufacturing device based on discharge of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: a plurality of motion parameters and a plurality of preset electrical parameters are obtained according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts, and then the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters so as to obtain the same work of a three-dimensional model, so that the processing precision and the processing efficiency can be set, and the additive manufacturing is more intelligent.
According to further embodiments of the present invention, an electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus further comprises: the working platform is internally provided with working liquid and metal powder, and the working platform is internally provided with a stirring device for stirring the working liquid.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram of one embodiment of a discharge-based additive manufacturing method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart diagram of another embodiment of a discharge-based additive manufacturing method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another embodiment of a discharge-based additive manufacturing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of an electrical discharge based additive manufacturing apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another embodiment of a discharge-based additive manufacturing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another embodiment of a discharge-based additive manufacturing method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method for discharge-based additive manufacturing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method for discharge-based additive manufacturing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of an electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of another embodiment of an electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 100. a controller; 110. an acquisition module; 120. a calculation module; 200. a working platform; 300. a working electrode; 400. an electromagnet module; 500. a drive device; 510. a vertical drive mechanism; 520. a horizontal driving mechanism; 530. a switching mechanism; 600. a stirring device; 700. a workpiece to be processed; 800. a powder supply mechanism; 900. a filtration system; 1000. and a wire feeding mechanism.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, if an orientation description is referred to, for example, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If a feature is referred to as being "disposed," "secured," "connected," or "mounted" to another feature, it can be directly disposed, secured, or connected to the other feature or be indirectly disposed, secured, connected, or mounted to the other feature.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, if "a number" is referred to, it means one or more, if "a plurality" is referred to, it means two or more, if "greater than", "less than" or "more than" is referred to, it is understood that the number is not included, and if "greater than", "lower" or "inner" is referred to, it is understood that the number is included. If reference is made to "first" or "second", this should be understood to distinguish between features and not to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of indicated features or to implicitly indicate the precedence of the indicated features.
Additive manufacturing has experienced a rapid development period, and there are dozens of additive manufacturing methods that have emerged worldwide, and the materials that can be applied in additive manufacturing are also quite broad. Wherein additive manufacturing of metals is an important component of the technology. In a typical metal additive manufacturing method, three heat sources are commonly used: laser heat sources, electron beam heat sources and plasma beam heat sources are combined with different supply modes, and various metal additive manufacturing process methods appear.
Additive manufacturing processes each suffer from different drawbacks. With high power lasers being bulky and costly for laser fabrication processes. In the manufacturing process, the metal additive manufacturing of 40-500 mu m can be realized generally only under the constraint of the diameter of the light spot, and the metal additive manufacturing of the micro-nano level is difficult to realize. The power of the electron beam heat source can be much higher than that of laser, and the absorption rate of the material to the energy of the electron beamAlso higher than lasers. Therefore, the electron beam can be used for processing some materials with higher melting points and low laser absorptivity for a heat source, such as: aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and the like. However, the equipment structure is complex and expensive, a vacuum bin furnace is needed, the forming precision is low, and the micro-machining of a complex structure cannot be completed. The existing additive manufacturing technology of a plasma beam (electric arc) heat source has high forming speed, and the forming volume per hour is about 300-1000 cm 3 The energy utilization efficiency is high, the operation cost is low, but the plasma beam (electric arc) heat source action area is large, the wire is mostly used as a supply mode, the diameter of the wire is about 1mm, the process characteristics determine that the precision is not high, the forming stability is poor, and the defect that the micro-nano metal additive manufacturing forming is difficult to realize.
Based on the above, the present application discloses an additive manufacturing method and device based on discharge, which can complete the processing of fine structure and can also design larger and relatively larger products.
In a first aspect, referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an additive manufacturing method based on discharge, including:
s100, obtaining a three-dimensional model of the workpiece to be processed, and determining the shape of each layer and each part of material of the workpiece to be processed according to the three-dimensional model;
s200, determining motion parameters of a driving device according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts;
s300, the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on the working platform according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters of the working electrode so as to obtain the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model.
When a workpiece to be machined is machined, a three-dimensional model of the workpiece to be machined, namely a three-dimensional model of what shape the workpiece to be machined needs to be formed, is acquired, then scattered section data are determined according to the three-dimensional model, and then each layer of shape to be machined and each part of material needed by each part in each layer of shape are acquired according to the section data. Because the working electrode processes the workpiece to be processed according to different preset electrical parameters and the distance between the working electrode and the workpiece to be processed affects the processing quality of the workpiece to be processed, the motion parameters of the driving device need to be determined according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts, and the electrical parameters of the working electrode, which need to be discharged, are mainly manually and automatically set to determine the preset electrical parameters. Therefore, the driving device processes the workpiece to be processed on the working platform according to the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters by the working electrode so as to obtain the workpiece with the same three-dimensional model. After the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters are determined, the driving device can complete the processing of a fine structure according to the motion parameters and the working electrode according to the preset electrical parameters and can also complete the design of products with larger sizes, so that the additive manufacturing operation is intelligent and simple.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, since the working electrode generates an electric spark according to preset electrical parameters, each part of the material in the working fluid reacts to form a metal mixture deposit due to the high temperature caused by the electric spark generated by the working electrode, and then the metal mixture deposit is superposed on the workpiece to be machined to form the workpiece identical to the three-dimensional model in a layer-by-layer operation. If the material of each part is metal powder, the discharge-based additive manufacturing method further comprises the following steps:
s400, injecting working liquid on the working platform, and injecting metal powder on the working liquid;
s500, restraining metal powder in a machining area of a workpiece to be machined by an electromagnet module;
and step S300 includes:
s310, adjusting a discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed by the driving device according to the motion parameters;
and S320, discharging the working electrode according to preset electrical parameters to deposit metal powder to finish layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be machined so as to obtain the workpiece identical to the three-dimensional model.
The movement parameters and preset electrical parameters formed by the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts are determined, the driving module adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the movement parameters, the workpiece to be machined is arranged on the working platform, and the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform is adjusted, namely the discharge gap between the working electrode and the workpiece to be machined is adjusted. After the discharge gap between the working electrode and the workpiece to be processed is determined, the working electrode punctures the working medium according to preset electrical parameters corresponding to the discharge gap to generate electric sparks so as to cause high temperature to react with metal powder in a processing area to form metal mixture deposition. Wherein the working medium comprises a mixture of metal powder and liquid. And processing each part of the workpiece to be processed according to the movement parameters and preset electrical parameters formed by the shapes of the layers and the materials of each part until the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model is processed.
The preset electrical parameters of the adopted working electrode are set manually, but the type of the working electrode needs to be replaced according to the requirements of the workpiece to be processed. Therefore, while the driving device drives the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform, the driving device is provided with a switching mechanism for switching the working electrode, so as to switch the type of the working electrode according to the shape switching structure of each layer. The conversion mechanism is a wheel disc conversion mechanism, the gripper of the wheel disc conversion mechanism clamps working electrodes of different material attributes, the wheel disc conversion mechanism is rotated through the transmission mechanism, and therefore the working electrodes of different materials participate in the processing process, and gradient printing of all layers of shapes is completed.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, and fig. 6, in some embodiments, the step S500 includes:
s510, the electromagnet module restrains metal powder in a processing area, and the processing area is immersed in working liquid;
or the like, or, alternatively,
s520, the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in a processing area, and the processing area is located on the surface of the working liquid.
200 is a working platform, 300 is a working electrode, and 400 is an electromagnet module; controlling the metal powder to be controlled in a processing area, wherein the processing area is an area to be processed by the workpiece to be processed each time, and controlling the metal powder to be controlled in the processing area before the metal powder can react with the metal powder through electric sparks generated by the working electrode to generate metal mixture deposition. However, the setting of the processing area can be different, if the processing area is completely immersed in the working liquid, the working liquid in the working platform can not move along with the movement of the working electrode on the driving device, and the whole processing process is carried out in the working liquid, so that the preparation time before processing is greatly reduced. If the metal powder is in the processing area, and the processing area floats on the surface of the working solution, the high temperature generated by the electric spark formed by the working electrode can be conveniently reacted with the metal powder. The processing area floats on the surface of the working liquid, so that the processing area moves along with the movement of the working electrode, and the liquid level of the working liquid also moves along with the position of the working electrode so as to keep the metal powder floating on the surface of the working liquid to be always positioned in the processing area of the workpiece to be processed. Therefore, when the driving device moves the working electrode according to the motion parameters to adjust the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform, the liquid level height of the working liquid is correspondingly adjusted according to the motion parameters. The working liquid is located in the working liquid through the machining area, the liquid level of the working liquid does not need to be changed according to the position of the working electrode, the machining area is arranged on the surface of the working liquid, the surface of the working liquid is correspondingly adjusted while the position of the working electrode is controlled to change, so that the metal liquid is always located in the machining area, and therefore two different metal liquid distribution modes are set, and a user can conveniently set the metal liquid according to actual requirements.
The electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in a processing area of a workpiece to be processed, and the electromagnet module participates in controlling the forming quality of a product, for example, the downward magnetic field generated by the electromagnet module can increase the sinking of molten metal, improve the deposition efficiency and the compactness of the formed workpiece, and control the shape and the function of electric sparks.
In some embodiments, the preset electrical parameters of the working electrode are determined from the current type of the power input and the related current parameters, and the current types include regulated direct current and pulsed current, wherein the related current parameters relate to a variety of electrical parameters and are set autonomously by the user. If the current type is stabilized direct current, the power supply is in a direct current stabilized voltage mode, and if the current type is pulse current, the power supply is in a pulse power supply mode. Under the power supply of a direct current voltage stabilization mode, continuous electric sparks are generated between the working electrode and a workpiece to be processed, and the electric sparks cause high temperature to enable metal powder suspended in working liquid to react with the working electrode to form metal mixture deposition. In the mode, the machining efficiency is higher, and the workpiece forming machine can be used for forming workpieces with relatively larger sizes. If in the pulse power mode, a working electrode with a finer size can be adopted, thereby completing the metal additive manufacturing process of a fine structure. Meanwhile, different anode and cathode access methods can be set according to the requirements of the processed product, and then the preset electrical parameters of the working electrode are set so as to enable more metal lost by the working electrode to be mixed and deposited with the metal in the suspension.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 7, the driving device includes: a vertical driving mechanism and a horizontal driving mechanism, and step S310 includes
S311, the vertical driving mechanism adjusts a discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the motion parameters;
and S312, controlling the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters by the horizontal driving mechanism.
Referring to fig. 4, the vertical driving mechanism is 510, the horizontal driving mechanism is 520, the vertical driving mechanism is connected to the converting mechanism, and the converting mechanism is 530 in fig. 4. The vertical driving mechanism adjusts the conversion mechanism to move up and down according to the motion parameters so as to adjust the vertical distance between the working electrode and the working platform and further adjust the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform. The horizontal area mechanism is arranged on the working platform to drive the working platform to move left and right in the horizontal direction, so as to control the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed, and the horizontal distance is also the distance of the X axis and the Y axis. The vertical driving mechanism adopts a closed-loop control method, the closed-loop control method mainly comprises measurement, comparison, amplification, execution and adjustment, and the discharge gap between the vertical driving mechanism and the working platform is obtained through measuring the speed of the vertical driving mechanism and calculating, so that the speed of the vertical driving mechanism is adjusted to adjust the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform. After the discharge gap of the working electrode is determined, the working electrode can discharge according to preset electrical parameters so as to process the workpiece to be processed. In the process of machining the working electrode, the horizontal driving mechanism also adjusts the horizontal distance between the workpiece to be machined and the working electrode according to the motion parameters so as to control the shape of the workpiece to be machined. Therefore, the discharge distance between the working electrode and the workpiece to be machined and the shape of the workpiece to be machined are adjusted simultaneously according to the motion parameters through the vertical driving mechanism and the horizontal driving mechanism, and then the working electrode discharges according to preset electrical parameters to machine the workpiece to be machined so as to obtain the workpiece corresponding to the three-dimensional model, so that the additive manufacturing of the workpiece is simple and easy.
In some embodiments, the discharge-based additive manufacturing method further comprises:
s600, after the metal powder is injected into the working liquid, the stirring device stirs the working liquid.
After the metal powder is injected into the working liquid, the electromagnet module controls the electromagnetic field and utilizes the gradient magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field, and the generated electromagnetic field can better cover the vicinity of the working platform so as to maintain a certain metal powder concentration near the working electrode and improve the processing efficiency and the product quality. But the gravity of the metal powder can sink, so the stirring device is arranged to stir the working solution to prevent the metal powder from depositing under the action of the gravity. The stirring device is arranged on the working platform and is positioned in the working liquid, so that the working liquid is stirred more uniformly, and the metal powder is gathered in the working area by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet module.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 8, the discharge-based additive manufacturing method further comprises:
s700, when metal powder in the working solution needs to be replaced, the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder to float upwards;
s800, extracting metal powder on the surface of the working solution by a filtering system and then filtering;
and S900, refilling the metal powder into the working solution according to the materials of all the parts.
Since each part of the workpiece to be processed is different in material, the metal powder in the working fluid needs to be replaced when the material of each part is switched. When changing metal powder, the electromagnet module controls the metal powder to float through the magnetic field, so that the metal powder is located on the surface of the working liquid, then the filtering system extracts the metal powder on the upper surface of the working liquid to filter the metal powder of the working liquid, and the powder supply mechanism injects the metal powder corresponding to another material of each part into the working liquid again. Therefore, when parts made of different materials are machined, the original metal powder needs to be filtered out again by adopting a filtering system, and then the metal powder which is not corresponding to the currently machined metal powder is added into the working solution again for machining so as to form a workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 9 and 10, step S300 further includes:
s310', the driving device adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the motion parameters;
s320', the working electrode generates discharge according to preset electrical parameters to melt the metal wire of the wire feeding mechanism so as to finish layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be processed, and the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model is obtained.
Referring to fig. 10, 1000 in fig. 10 is a wire feeder, 510 is a vertical driving mechanism, 520 is a horizontal driving mechanism, 300 is a working electrode, and 200 is a horizontal platform.
The processing of the workpieces to be processed in steps S310 and S320 is performed in the working fluid, and the steps S310 'and S320' do not need to prepare the working fluid. The driving device is provided with a wire feeding mechanism, a metal wire of the wire feeding mechanism is fed to the working electrode through the vertical driving mechanism, and the wire feeding mechanism is wound with metal wires made of different materials. And a pulse power supply is connected between the working electrode and the working platform, the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform is driven by the horizontal driving mechanism and the vertical driving mechanism, then the working electrode generates pulse discharge according to preset electrical parameters, and the metal wire on the working electrode is directly deposited after being melted by the pulse discharge to finish the printing of the three-dimensional entity.
A discharge-based additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in one specific embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 8. It is to be understood that the following description is only exemplary, and not a specific limitation of the invention.
Through supplying in powder mechanism adds metal powder to working solution, agitating unit stirs the working solution, prevents the metal powder deposit, and the magnetic field that the electro-magnet module produced makes metal powder restraint near the machining area, and the machining area submergence completely in the working solution or set up the working area on the working solution surface. The vertical driving mechanism and the horizontal driving mechanism adjust the horizontal distance and the vertical distance between the working electrode and a workpiece to be machined according to the motion parameters, the working electrode discharges according to preset electrical parameters to cause high temperature, the high temperature enables metal powder in working liquid to react with the working electrode to form metal mixture deposition to complete machining of the workpiece to be machined, when materials of different parts need to be replaced, the electromagnet module generates a magnetic field to restrain the metal powder to be located on the surface of the working liquid, then the filtering system extracts the metal powder on the surface of the working liquid, metal powder corresponding to another material of each part is added onto the working liquid through the powder supply mechanism, the workpiece to be machined is machined through discharging of the working electrode, and the operation is repeated continuously until the workpiece to be machined is machined into a workpiece corresponding to the three-dimensional model.
In a second aspect, referring to fig. 4, 5, and 11, an additive manufacturing apparatus based on discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the machining device comprises an acquisition module 110, a calculation module 120, a working electrode 300 and a driving device 500, wherein the acquisition module 110 is used for acquiring a three-dimensional model of a workpiece 700 to be machined and determining each layer of shape and each part of material of the workpiece 700 to be machined according to the three-dimensional model; the calculation module 120 is used for determining motion parameters according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts; the working electrode 300 is used for processing the workpiece 700 to be processed according to preset electrical parameters; the driving means 500 is used to drive the position of the working electrode 300 according to the motion parameters so that the workpiece 700 to be machined is machined into a workpiece corresponding to the three-dimensional model.
The shapes of the layers are different, and the motion parameters and the preset electrical parameters corresponding to the different materials of each part are also different, so that a plurality of motion parameters and a plurality of preset electrical parameters are obtained according to the shapes of the layers and the materials of each part corresponding to the whole three-dimensional model, and the working electrode 300 processes the workpiece 700 to be processed according to the preset electrical parameters according to the plurality of motion parameters to obtain the workpiece same as the three-dimensional model. The obtaining module 110 and the calculating module 120 are integrated on one controller 100, the controller 100 obtains and calculates the control command and outputs a corresponding control command, the driving device 500 drives the discharge distance between the working electrode 300 and the working platform 200 according to the control command, and the working electrode 300 processes the workpiece 700 to be processed according to the preset electrical parameter corresponding to the discharge distance, so as to implement the processing of the fine structure and design of a product with a larger size.
An electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus further comprises: work platform 200 is equipped with working solution and metal powder in the work platform 200, is equipped with agitating unit 600 of stirring working solution in the work platform 200.
The electromagnet module 400 is disposed in the work platform 200 to generate a magnetic field to constrain the position of the metal powder, so that the metal powder is located in the machining area. The driving device 500 includes a vertical driving mechanism 510 and a horizontal driving mechanism 520, wherein the horizontal driving mechanism 520 is disposed on the working platform 200 to drive the working platform 200 to move left and right in the horizontal direction, so as to control the workpiece 700 to be processed to move along the X and Y axes to adjust the horizontal distance between the workpiece 700 to be processed and the working electrode 300. The vertical driving mechanism 510 is connected to the working electrode 300, and the vertical driving mechanism 510 drives the working electrode 300 up and down to adjust the vertical distance between the working electrode 300 and the working platform 200. The working platform 200 is provided with a powder supply mechanism 800, and metal powder is injected into the working solution through the powder supply mechanism 800. The stirring device 600 is disposed in the work platform 200, and the work liquid is stirred by the stirring device 600 to prevent the deposition of the metal powder due to the gravity. Work platform 200 side is equipped with filtration system 900, and when the metal powder on the working solution that needs to be changed, electromagnet module 400 produces the magnetic field in order to retrain metal powder at the working solution surface, then filtration system 900 extraction working solution filters with the metal powder on the working solution surface, then adds new metal powder through supplying powder mechanism 800. Electric sparks are instantly formed by contact of the tool electrode with the workpiece 700 to be machined, and the working electrode 300 reacts with suspended metal powder in the working fluid and cracked substances in the working fluid, such as carbon, by using the high temperature generated by the electric sparks to form molten metal deposition, thereby completing layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece corresponding to the three-dimensional model. The whole processing process is carried out in working solution, and the preparation time before processing is greatly shortened. Meanwhile, the machining precision and the machining efficiency can be determined according to the thickness of the working electrode 300 and the setting of the power supply form, the tool electrode can be set to be extremely small to complete the machining of a fine structure, and the tool electrode can also be designed to be larger to complete the machining of a product with a relatively larger size.
The specific operation process of the discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus refers to the discharge-based additive manufacturing method of the first aspect, and is not described herein again.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e. may be located in one place, or may also be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (6)
1. A method of discharge-based additive manufacturing, comprising:
obtaining a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be processed, and determining the shape of each layer and each part of material of the workpiece to be processed according to the three-dimensional model;
determining the motion parameters of a driving device according to the shapes of the layers and the materials of the parts;
injecting working liquid on a working platform, and injecting metal powder on the working liquid;
the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in a processing area of the workpiece to be processed;
the driving device adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters;
and the working electrode discharges according to preset electrical parameters to deposit the metal powder so as to finish the layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be processed, so as to obtain the workpiece which is the same as the three-dimensional model.
2. The electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing method of claim 1 wherein the electromagnet module constrains the metal powder in a machining region of the workpiece to be machined, comprising:
the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in the processing area, and the processing area is completely immersed in the working liquid;
or the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder in the processing area, and the processing area is positioned on the surface of the working solution.
3. The electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing method of claim 1, further comprising:
and after the metal powder is injected into the working solution, a stirring device is used for stirring the working solution.
4. The discharge-based additive manufacturing method of claim 3, further comprising:
when the metal powder in the working solution needs to be replaced, the electromagnet module restrains the metal powder to float upwards;
the filtering system extracts the metal powder on the surface of the working solution and then filters the metal powder;
and re-injecting the metal powder into the working solution according to the corresponding material of each part.
5. The electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the driving device comprises: the driving device adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters, and comprises:
the vertical driving mechanism adjusts the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform according to the motion parameters;
and the horizontal driving mechanism controls the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters.
6. An electrical discharge-based additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition module, a processing module and a processing module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a three-dimensional model of a workpiece to be processed and determining the shape of each layer and each part of material of the workpiece to be processed according to the three-dimensional model;
the calculation module is used for determining motion parameters according to the shapes of all layers and materials of all parts;
the working electrode is used for processing the workpiece to be processed according to preset electrical parameters;
the working platform is used for being provided with working liquid and metal powder, and a stirring device for stirring the working liquid is arranged in the working platform;
the electromagnet module is used for restraining the metal powder in a processing area of the workpiece to be processed;
the driving device is used for adjusting the discharge gap between the working electrode and the working platform and the forming shape of the workpiece to be processed according to the motion parameters;
the working electrode is also used for discharging according to preset electrical parameters to enable the metal powder to be deposited so as to finish layer-by-layer accumulation of the workpiece to be machined, and therefore the workpiece identical to the three-dimensional model can be obtained.
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