CN113016951A

CN113016951A - Feed additive and feed for improving pig yellow fat meat, and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113016951A
Application number: CN201911346808.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐杰; 李知洪; 熊涛; 吴朝晖; 胡骏鹏; 戴晋军; 陈中平; 王建林; 聂琴
Original assignee: Angel Yeast Co Ltd
Current assignee: Angel Yeast Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-24
Filing date: 2019-12-24
Publication date: 2021-06-25

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed additive for improving pig yellow fat meat, a feed, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises 50-150 parts by weight of yeast selenium, 500-3000 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and 100-1500 parts by weight of active dry yeast. The feed comprises basic daily ration and the feed additive, wherein the addition amount of the yeast selenium in each ton of the feed is 50-150 g, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls in each ton of the feed is 500-3000 g, and the addition amount of the active dry yeast in each ton of the feed is 100-1500 g. The feed additive and the feed have strong safety and stability, can be produced in a large scale quickly, effectively improve the problem of the yellow fat meat of fattening pigs and improve the economic value of pork in the market.

Description

Feed additive and feed for improving pig yellow fat meat, and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of feeds, mainly relates to the field of growing-finishing pig feeds, and particularly relates to a feed additive and a feed for improving pig yellow fat meat, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The pork fat is white normally, but some pork subcutaneous fat is found to have an abnormal yellow dyeing phenomenon in the slaughtering process and post-slaughter quarantine of live pigs, and is light yellow or yellow, and the yellow dyed pork is collectively called as 'yellow fat meat'. Except that subcutaneous fat of the pig yellow fat is yellow, the pig yellow fat is sometimes accompanied by loose, weak and unrootable or abnormal fishy smell, the appearance is poor in economic value, the problem of the pig yellow fat in a plurality of provinces of China in recent years is solved, and the frequency of the pig yellow fat in high-temperature seasons in southern regions is higher particularly because aged corns are frequently used. The pig yellow fat meat generally causes mass development through mass feeding, is not easy to find before slaughter, seriously influences the sale of the pork and the culture of the live pigs, and causes huge loss to live pig farms or feed enterprises.

The related factors of the pig yellow fat meat and the feed are mainly the oxidation rancidity of the feed and the mildew of the feed, and in addition, genetic factors and pigment metabolism dysfunction can also cause the phenomenon. Research shows that when a large amount of raw materials with high unsaturated fatty acid content such as aged corn, fish meal, DDGS and the like are fed and the antioxidant content in the feed is insufficient, yellow fat meat is easily formed; in addition, mycotoxins in the feed, such as aflatoxin, zearalenone and T2 toxin, can promote the formation of free radicals, consume antioxidants in vivo and accelerate lipid oxidation.

The invention patent with application number 201711092493.6 provides a fattening pig premix which is added into aged corn to form a pig feed, wherein the adding amount of the pig feed is 1-5 wt% of the amount of the aged corn, and the premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of vitamin E, 5-15 parts of vitamin C, 0.02-0.1 part of yeast selenium, 0.01-0.05 part of yeast chromium, 5-10 parts of tea polyphenol, 5-15 parts of baking soda, 10-15 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.5-2 parts of sweetening agent, 1-3 parts of flavoring agent and 40-60 parts of tea powder. The premix and the aged corn are prepared into the pig feed, so that the production performance and the slaughter rate can be improved, and the risk of the yellow fat meat is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventor finds that in the prior art, the prevention of the yellow fat meat is generally controlled by adjusting the composition of feed raw materials and additives and strictly closing the processing and storage processes of the feed. The addition of antioxidants and vitamin E supplementation to the feed is common, but the antioxidants only reduce the fat intake of pigs and cannot eliminate free radicals in the body and slow down the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the body; the stability of vitamin E is influenced by the type and water content of the feed, the storage time, temperature, humidity, light, minerals, the type of carrier (diluent), the processing technology and other factors, and the actually exerted effect has certain fluctuation. In addition, neither of these two approaches directly addresses the potential promotion of mycotoxins to the yellow fat meat problem. The inventor considers that the pork quality is influenced by various factors such as heredity, feeding management, nutrition, transportation, slaughtering and the like. Among these factors, the nutritional level and absorption efficiency are critical to meat quality. The prior art only solves the problem of the yellow fat meat from the aspect of directly reducing the oxidation reaction, and the meat quality can be influenced to a certain extent by neglecting the nutrition balance and the absorption utilization rate, and the generation of the yellow fat meat is indirectly influenced.

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: in the feed additive in the prior art, the antioxidant can not eliminate free radicals in vivo, the stability of vitamin E is influenced by multiple factors, the actually exerted effect fluctuates, and the potential promotion effect of mycotoxin on the problem of the yellow fat meat can not be directly solved.

The purpose of the invention is: the feed additive and the feed can better play the role of oxidation resistance in vivo by adding the yeast selenium, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast, and can improve the pig yellow fat meat in three aspects of solving the problem of oxidation rancidity of the feed, relieving the feed mildew and improving the feed digestibility.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a feed additive and a feed, and the method for adding yeast selenium, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast into the feed is used for improving the pig yellow fat meat in three aspects of fatty acid oxidation, feed mildew alleviation and feed digestibility improvement.

Specifically, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the feed additive for improving the pig yellow fat meat is characterized by comprising 50-150 parts by weight of yeast selenium, 500-3000 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and 100-1500 parts by weight of active dry yeast.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium yeast accounts for 100-150 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the yeast cell wall is 500 to 2000 parts by weight, more preferably 1000 to 2000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the active dry yeast is 100 to 1000 parts by weight, more preferably 500 to 1000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium yeast accounts for 120-150 parts by weight, and more preferably 150 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the yeast cell wall is 1500 to 2000 parts by weight, more preferably 2000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the active dry yeast is 800 to 1000 parts by weight, and more preferably 1000 parts by weight. Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium yeast accounts for 50-150 parts by weight, the yeast cell wall accounts for 500-2000 parts by weight, and the active dry yeast accounts for 100-1000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium yeast accounts for 100-150 parts by weight, the yeast cell wall accounts for 500-2000 parts by weight, and the active dry yeast accounts for 100-1000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium yeast accounts for 150 parts by weight, the yeast cell wall accounts for 500-2000 parts by weight, and the active dry yeast accounts for 100-1000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the yeast selenium is 150 parts by weight, the yeast cell wall is 2000 parts by weight, and the active dry yeast is 1000 parts by weight.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the selenium content in the selenium yeast is 1600-2300mg/kg, and is preferably 2000 mg/kg; wherein, the selenium in the form of selenomethionine accounts for more than 55 percent of the total selenium, preferably more than 99 percent of the total selenium.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae contains mannan, beta-glucan, protein and chitin, wherein the content of the mannan is more than or equal to 20%, and the content of the beta-glucan is more than or equal to 20%.

Preferably, in the feed additive, the content of mannan in cell walls of saccharomyces cerevisiae is 20-50%, and the content of beta-glucan is 20-70%.

Preferably, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is extracted from yeast cells, and the solubility is 30-50%.

The invention also provides a feed for improving the pig yellow fat meat, which is characterized by comprising basic daily ration and the feed additive, wherein the addition amount of the yeast selenium in each ton of the feed is 50-150 g, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall in each ton of the feed is 500-3000 g, and the addition amount of the active dry yeast in each ton of the feed is 100-1500 g.

Preferably, in the feed, the addition amount of the selenium yeast in each ton of the feed is 100-150 g.

Preferably, in the feed, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls in each ton of the feed is 500-2000 g, and more preferably 1000-2000 g.

Preferably, the addition amount of the active dry yeast in each ton of the feed is 100-1000 g, more preferably 500-1000 g.

Preferably, the addition amount of the selenium yeast in each ton of the feed is 120-150 g, and more preferably 150 g.

Preferably, in the feed, the yeast cell wall is 1500-2000 g, more preferably 2000g per ton of feed.

Preferably, in the feed, the active dry yeast is 800-1000 g, more preferably 1000g, per ton of the feed.

Preferably, in the feed, each ton of the feed contains 50-150 g of the selenium yeast, 500-2000 g of the cell walls of the yeast and 100-1000 g of the active dry yeast.

Preferably, in the feed, each ton of the feed contains 100-150 g of the selenium yeast, 500-2000 g of the cell walls of the yeast and 100-1000 g of the active dry yeast.

Preferably, in the feed, each ton of the feed contains 150g of the selenium yeast, 500-2000 g of the cell walls of the yeast and 100-1000 g of the active dry yeast.

Preferably, in the feed, each ton of the feed contains 150g of the yeast selenium, 2000g of the yeast cell walls and 1000g of the active dry yeast.

Preferably, in the feed, the basic ration is one or more than two of the following components: energy component, protein component, mineral component, and vitamin component.

Preferably, in the feed, the basic ration further comprises montmorillonite, lysine and xylanase, wherein the added mass of the montmorillonite accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the basic ration, the added mass of the lysine accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the basic ration, and the added mass of the xylanase accounts for 0.03-0.05% of the basic ration.

Preferably, in the feed, the energy component accounts for 77.0-82.0% of the basic ration by mass.

Preferably, in the feed, the protein component accounts for 15-20% of the basic ration by mass, and preferably 15.5-17.5%.

Preferably, in the feed, the mineral component accounts for 2.0-2.5% of the basic ration by mass.

Preferably, in the feed, the vitamin component accounts for 0.45-0.55% of the basic ration by mass.

Preferably, in the feed, the energy component is one or more than two of corn, wheat, bran, wheat middling, rice bran and soybean oil; the protein component is selected from one or more than two of soybean meal, expanded soybean, fish meal and miscellaneous meal raw materials; the mineral components are selected from one or more of salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, stone powder, bone meal and calcium hydrophosphate; the vitamin component is selected from one or more of choline chloride, folic acid, biomass, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid or compound multivitamin.

Wherein the miscellaneous meal raw material is selected from one or more than two of cotton meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, corn germ meal, rapeseed meal or sesame meal.

Preferably, in the feed, the energy component comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-80.5% of corn, 12-17% of rice bran, 6.5-7.0% of bran and 0.60-0.65% of soybean oil.

Preferably, in the feed, the protein component comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-82% of soybean meal and 18-25% of cottonseed meal.

Preferably, in the feed, the mineral components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 38-45% of stone powder, 16-18% of salt and 39-44% of calcium hydrophosphate.

Preferably, in the feed, the compound vitamins include vitamins and/or minerals, and the vitamins are selected from one or more of the following components: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, and biotin; the mineral is selected from one or more of the following components: copper, iron, manganese, selenium, iodine and calcium.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and fully mixing the raw materials containing the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast to obtain the feed additive.

Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

and fully mixing the raw materials comprising basic ration, selenium yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast to obtain the feed.

The invention also provides the feed additive or the application of the feed in the field of animal feed.

The invention has the advantages that: (1) the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast related by the invention are functional biological feed products, and have the advantages of clear functional mechanism, high bioavailability, strong safety and stability, rapid large-scale production and the like;

(2) the yeast product combination scheme provided by the invention effectively improves the problem of yellow fat meat of fattening pigs and improves the economic value of pork in the market;

(3) the three yeast products provided by the invention not only play a role in improving the in vivo antioxidant level of the pig and removing free radicals, but also effectively relieve the potential promotion effect of feed mildew on the problem of the yellow fat meat, and improve the utilization rate of the pig on the feed nutrition; overcomes the defects that the oxidation of lipid in a pig body can not be completely relieved by antioxidant or vitamin E in the prior technical scheme aiming at the problem of the yellow fat meat, the stability is not good, and the problem of feed mildew can not be solved.

Detailed Description

In view of the fact that the effect of the feed additive and the feed on the improvement of the pig yellow fat meat is yet to be enhanced at present, the invention provides the feed additive and the feed, wherein the feed additive comprises selenium yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast, the feed comprises basic ration and the feed additive, and the invention further provides the application of the feed additive and the feed in the improvement of the yellow fat meat problem. The results of the preparation of the feed and the growing-finishing pig tests show that the feed provided by the invention can improve the oxidation resistance of growing-finishing pigs and better improve the problem of the yellow fat meat of the pigs.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a feed additive comprising a yeast product characterized by comprising selenium yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast.

Preferably, the feed additive comprises 50-150 parts by weight of selenium yeast, 500-2000 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and 100-1000 parts by weight of active dry yeast.

The invention also provides a feed which is characterized by comprising basic ration and the yeast product combination, namely the feed comprises the basic ration, yeast selenium, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast.

Preferably, the yeast selenium, the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and the active dry yeast are all of yeast origin.

Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium yeast is 1600-2300mg/kg, preferably 2000 mg/kg.

Preferably, the selenium in the form of selenomethionine in the yeast selenium accounts for more than 55% of the total selenium.

Preferably, the content of mannan in the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than 20%, the content of beta-glucan is more than 20%, and the solubility is 30-50%.

Preferably, the number of the yeast living cells in the active dry yeast is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 1010 cfu/g.

Preferably, the basal diet of the feed comprises an energy component, a protein component, a mineral component and a vitamin component.

Wherein the energy component is one or more of semen Maydis, semen Tritici Aestivi, testa Tritici, wheat middling, testa oryzae, and soybean oil.

The protein component is one or more than two of soybean meal, puffed soybean, fish meal, cottonseed meal or other miscellaneous meal raw materials.

The mineral components are one or more of salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, stone powder, bone powder, and calcium hydrogen phosphate.

The vitamin component is one or more of choline chloride, folic acid, biomass, nicotinic acid or compound multivitamin.

In the feed, the addition amount of the cell walls of the saccharomyces cerevisiae in each ton of feed is 500-2000 g, preferably 1000-2000 g; the addition amount of the selenium yeast in each ton of feed is 50-150 g, preferably 100-150 g; the addition amount of the active dry yeast in each ton of feed is 100-1000 g, preferably 500-1000 g.

The selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast all belong to yeast products. The product is concerned as a novel biological feed product, and a lot of researches show that the selenium yeast has the effects of enhancing the oxidation resistance of animal organisms and improving the quality of meat, eggs and milk; the yeast cell wall can adsorb mycotoxin in the feed, so that the immunity of animals is improved; the active dry yeast can improve the gastrointestinal environment and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances. The yeast product has the advantages of clear functional mechanism, high bioavailability, high safety and stability, rapid large-scale production and the like in practical culture application.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which is characterized in that the basic ration, the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are mixed conventionally at the temperature of below 40 ℃, and the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity of the feed is less than or equal to 7 percent.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the field of animal feed, in particular application in the field of growing-finishing pig feed.

Preferably, the application is the application in the fields of improving the oxidation resistance of pigs and improving the yellow fat meat.

Preferably, the application is the application in the field of improving the yellow fat meat of growing-finishing pigs.

The feed additive, feed and preparation method and application thereof for improving the yellow fat meat according to the present invention will be further described by the following specific examples. The raw material information involved in the examples is as follows:

the selenium yeast is an organic selenium product formed by organically combining yeast and selenium element and performing biological fermentation. For example, the following compounds were prepared by the method described in patent publication No. CN 101361567A:

(1) culturing selenium-enriched yeast seeds: inoculating the selenium-rich yeast strain culture solution into a seed fermentation tank which contains 10L of 20% of sugar (malt extract or molasses or a mixture of the malt extract and the molasses), has the concentration of 50-200 mu g/ml of selenium (sodium selenite), is supplemented with a proper nitrogen source (ammonia water or urea) and a phosphorus source (phosphoric acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate), has the pH of 4.0-6.5, and is cultured for 18-48 hours at the temperature of 26-35 ℃.

(2) Preparing selenium-enriched yeast: inoculating the seed culture solution into a fermentation tank containing 1 ton of sugar (starch hydrolysis sugar or molasses or a mixture of the starch hydrolysis sugar and the molasses) with the content of 20 percent, the concentration of selenium (sodium selenite) being 50-200 mug/ml, supplementing proper nitrogen sources and phosphorus sources and having the pH value of 4.0-6.5, adding selenium in batches by adopting a flow addition mode, culturing for 14-36 hours at the temperature of 26-35 ℃, centrifugally separating, removing a liquid phase, washing a solid phase with water, drying by hot air at the temperature of 90 ℃, and sieving to finally obtain the yeast selenium, wherein the content of selenium in yeast is 1600-2300mg/kg, and the proportion of selenium existing in the form of selenomethionine in the total selenium is more than 55 percent.

Wherein the determination of selenium content is performed according to the determination of selenium in GB/T13883 feed (arbitration method) or according to "NYSL-100 feed additive selenium yeast". The method for detecting the proportion of selenium in the total selenium in the form of selenomethionine is a combined method of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (a method commonly adopted by international general academy of scientific research and detection institutions).

The yeast selenium used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Angel Yeast GmbH, where the selenium content was 2000ppm and the proportion of selenium present as selenomethionine in the total selenium was more than 99%.

The yeast cell wall is obtained by taking live yeast as a raw material and carrying out treatment processes such as autolysis, enzymolysis, wall breaking, purification, sterilization and the like. For example, the following compounds were prepared by the method described in patent publication No. CN 103243028A:

carrying out autolytic wall breaking on a saccharomyces cerevisiae raw material, degrading by using a compound enzyme, separating, washing, purifying and drying to obtain a yeast cell wall, wherein the compound enzyme comprises 1-3 per mill of papain, 0.2-2 per mill of nuclease and 0.1-0.3 per mill of bacterial protease, the autolytic wall breaking is carried out at 89-93 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, and the compound enzymolysis process comprises the following steps: adding 1-3 ‰ papain at 63-67 deg.C according to the mass of yeast dry matter, adjusting pH to 5.3-5.7, and reacting for 5-7 hr; adjusting pH to 5.0-5.5, adjusting temperature to 66-68 deg.C, adding nuclease 0.2-2 ‰ based on yeast dry matter mass, acting for 7-9 hr, cooling to 48-52 deg.C, adjusting pH to 5.4-5.9, adding bacterial protease 0.1-0.3 ‰basedon yeast dry matter mass, acting for 4-6 hr, and inactivating enzyme at 80-90 deg.C for 20-50 min. In the obtained yeast cell wall, the content of mannan is more than or equal to 20 percent, the content of beta-glucan is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the solubility is 30 to 50 percent.

The method for detecting mannan and beta-glucan is high performance liquid chromatography (refer to enterprise standard Q/AQJM2260-2014, and the method for detecting solubility is a dissolution separation precipitation method (refer to enterprise standard Q/AQJM 2260-2014).

The yeast cell wall used in the present invention was purchased from Angel Yeast GmbH, where the content of mannan was 25%, the content of beta-glucan was 70%, and the solubility was 40%.

The active dry yeast is prepared by taking molasses and starchiness as main raw materials, culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) through liquid fermentation and ventilation, and fermenting the Saccharomyces cerevisiae from fermented mashSeparating live yeast, dewatering and drying to obtain live yeast product capable of being added into feed. The active dry yeast used in the examples of the present invention is obtained from Angel Yeast, Inc., and the number of active cells of yeast is not less than 2 × 10¹⁰cfu/g, the detection method of the number of the yeast living cells is a microscopic counting method (refer to GB/T-22547-2008).

The information of the basic ration raw materials and the basic ration premix manufacturers used in the embodiment of the invention is shown in the following table, and the nutritional ingredients (crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, moisture, crude ash, amino acid, vitamin, trace elements and the like) are detected by the detection center (national CNAS laboratory) of Angel Yeast GmbH.

Table 1 raw material information used in examples

The instrument information involved in the examples is as follows:

a biochemical analyzer: model BS-180, manufacturer: mairi medical devices, inc.

A color difference meter: model CS-200 precision colorimeter, manufacturer: hangzhou color spectrum science and technology, Inc.

The feed additive, feed and their preparation and use according to the invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1 feed for improving pig yellow fat meat

Example 1.1

Preparing basic daily ration: 65 parts of corn, 13 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fine rice bran, 5.33 parts of bran, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of fine stone powder, 0.9 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.37 part of salt, 0.15 part of montmorillonite, 0.15 part of lysine, 0.03 part of xylanase and 0.5 part of basic ration premix. The basic ration premix provides 9000IU of vitamin A, 2500IU of vitamin D, 1.5mg of vitamin K, 11.8mg of vitamin B, 20.5mg of vitamin B, 62mg of vitamin B, 120.02mg of vitamin B, 18mg of pantothenic acid, 18mg of vitamin E18mg, 0.1mg of biotin, 18mg of nicotinic acid, 1.0mg of folic acid, 20mg of copper, 90mg of iron, 90mg of zinc, 25mg of manganese, 0.15mg of selenium, 0.35mg of iodine and 600mg of calcium for each kilogram of feeds.

Preparing a feed: adding yeast selenium, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast into basic daily ration in an amount of 50g per ton of feed, 500g per ton of feed and 100g per ton of feed respectively, and performing conventional mixing at 40 ℃, wherein the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Wherein, the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation is detected according to the method of the national standard GB/T5918-.

Example 1.2

Preparing basic daily ration: 60 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 13 parts of fine rice bran, 5.33 parts of bran, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 0.8 part of fine stone powder, 0.9 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.37 part of salt, 0.15 part of montmorillonite, 0.20 part of lysine, 0.05 part of xylanase and 0.5 part of basic ration premix. The basic ration premix provides vitamin A9000IU, vitamin D2500IU, vitamin K1.5mg, vitamin B11.8mg, vitamin B20.5mg, vitamin B62mg, vitamin B120.02mg, pantothenic acid 18mg, vitamin E18mg, biotin 0.1mg, nicotinic acid 18mg, folic acid 1.0mg, copper 20mg, iron 90mg, zinc 90mg, manganese 25mg, selenium 0.15mg, iodine 0.35mg and calcium 600mg for each kilogram of feed.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 50g of feed per ton, 2000g of feed per ton and 100g of feed per ton, and are mixed conventionally at 30 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 5%.

Example 1.3

Preparing basic daily ration: 65 parts of corn, 13 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fine rice bran, 5.33 parts of bran, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of fine stone powder, 0.9 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.37 part of salt, 0.15 part of montmorillonite, 0.15 part of lysine, 0.03 part of xylanase and 0.5 part of basic ration premix. The basic ration premix provides vitamin A9000IU, vitamin D2500IU, vitamin K1.5mg, vitamin B11.8mg, vitamin B20.5mg, vitamin B62mg, vitamin B120.02mg, pantothenic acid 18mg, vitamin E18mg, biotin 0.1mg, nicotinic acid 18mg, folic acid 1.0mg, copper 20mg, iron 90mg, zinc 90mg, manganese 25mg, selenium 0.15mg, iodine 0.35mg and calcium 600mg for each kilogram of feed.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration in an amount of 150g per ton of feed, 500g per ton of feed and 100g per ton of feed, and are mixed conventionally at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 6%.

Example 1.4

Preparing basic daily ration: 65 parts of corn, 13 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fine rice bran, 5.33 parts of bran, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of fine stone powder, 0.9 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.37 part of salt, 0.20 part of montmorillonite, 0.17 part of lysine, 0.05 part of xylanase and 0.5 part of basic ration premix. The basic ration premix provides vitamin A9000IU, vitamin D2500IU, vitamin K1.5mg, vitamin B11.8mg, vitamin B20.5mg, vitamin B62mg, vitamin B120.02mg, pantothenic acid 18mg, vitamin E18mg, biotin 0.1mg, nicotinic acid 18mg, folic acid 1.0mg, copper 20mg, iron 90mg, zinc 90mg, manganese 25mg, selenium 0.15mg, iodine 0.35mg and calcium 600mg for each kilogram of feed.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration in an amount of 50g per ton of feed, 500g per ton of feed and 1000g per ton of feed, and are mixed conventionally at 30 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Example 1.5

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration in an amount of 150g per ton of feed, 2000g per ton of feed and 1000g per ton of feed, and are mixed conventionally at 40 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Example 1.6

The basal ration was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.1.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 100g of feed per ton, 1000g of feed per ton and 1000g of feed per ton, and are mixed conventionally at 40 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Example 1.7

The basal ration was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.1.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 100g of feed per ton, 2000g of feed per ton and 500g of feed per ton, and are mixed conventionally at 40 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Example 1.8

The basal ration was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.1.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 50g of feed per ton, 3000g of feed per ton and 100g of feed per ton, and are mixed conventionally at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 5%.

Example 1.9

The basal ration was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.1.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration in an amount of 50g per ton of feed, 500g per ton of feed and 1500g per ton of feed, and are mixed conventionally at 25 ℃, wherein the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 5%.

Comparative example 1.1

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are not added, the basic daily ration raw materials are mixed conventionally at the temperature of 20 ℃, and the mixing uniformity variation coefficient of the feed is 5%.

Comparative example 1.2

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration in an amount of 50g per ton of feed and 100g per ton of feed, the cell walls of the saccharomyces cerevisiae are not added, the conventional mixing is carried out at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Comparative example 1.3

Preparing a feed: the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic ration by 500g per ton of feed and 100g per ton of feed, the yeast selenium is not added, the conventional mixing is carried out at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 7%.

Comparative example 1.4

Preparing a feed: the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the selenium of the yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 500g per ton of feed and 50g per ton of feed, active dry yeast is not added, and the conventional mixing is carried out at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 5%.

Comparative example 1.5

The basal ration was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.1.

Preparing a feed: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are respectively added into basic daily ration by 40g of feed per ton, 500g of feed per ton and 100g of feed per ton, and are mixed conventionally at 25 ℃, and the mixing uniformity coefficient of variation of the feed is 5%.

Example 2 application of feed for improving yellow fat meat in improving antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing pigs

In order to evaluate the influence of the invention on the oxidation resistance of the growing-finishing pigs, a feeding test of 60 days is carried out in an animal nutrition experiment base of Angel Yeast GmbH, the test adopts completely random design, 336 Du growing-finishing pigs with the same genetic background and good body condition and weight of 62 +/-2 kg are selected, the treatment is divided into 14 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 4 times, and each treatment is repeated for 6 times. The feed rations prepared in the examples 1.1-1.9 and the comparative examples 1.1-1.5 are fed respectively. The feeds prepared in the examples 1.1 to 1.9 are respectively a test group 1 to 9, and the comparative examples 1.1 to 1.5 are respectively a blank control group, a control group 2, a control group 3, a control group 4 and a control group 5. The test grouping condition is shown in table 2, the daily feeding management is carried out according to a large-scale pig farm feeding management method, the metabolism cage and the ground are cleaned every day, and the piggery is sprayed and disinfected once a week. Other treatments were performed by conventional management procedures to expel parasites and immunize, observe and record the health of pigs daily, and feed and drink freely. After the test is finished, selecting one end of each test pig with the average weight of +/-2 kg repeatedly in each test group, collecting blood and muscle samples, respectively measuring the activity of glutathione peroxidase, and analyzing by adopting a biochemical analyzer, wherein the kit is a glutathione peroxidase detection kit and is provided by Nanjing institute of bioengineering.

Table 2 experimental grouping and treatment

Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in porcine serum and muscle was tested in each treatment group as shown in Table 3. Wherein, the Unit of GSH-Px activity value of serum 1Unit refers to the enzyme amount which can catalyze GSH (glutathione) oxidation by 1 mu mol/L in 1min, excluding non-enzymatic reaction, at 37 ℃ per 1L of serum, and the Unit of GSH-Px activity value of muscle 1Unit refers to the enzyme activity Unit (U/g) which reduces the GSH concentration by 1U mol/L per g of muscle tissue, except enzyme reaction per minute.

TABLE 3 test of the mean values of the activities (Unit) of porcine serum and muscle glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in each treatment group

Grouping	Serum	Muscle
			Blank control group	162.49	4.22
Test group 1	184.27	4.69
			Test group 2	199.41	4.77
Test group 3	248.92	5.13
			Test group 4	194.02	4.79
Test group 5	269.32	5.42
			Test group 6	225.70	5.01
Test group 7	214.63	4.87
			Test group 8	197.30	4.75
Test group 9	191.64	4.76
			Control group 2	175.33	4.45
Control group 3	164.28	4.31
			Control group 4	173.59	4.51
Control group 5	178.75	4.57

As can be seen from Table 3, after feeding for 60 days, the serum and muscle antioxidant indexes of the test pigs of different treatment groups have different degrees of difference, compared with a blank control group, each test group comprises a control group 2, a control group 3 and a control group 4 which are added with two yeast products, the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum and the muscle of the test pigs is improved in different degrees, and the result shows that the antioxidant indexes of the fattening pigs can be improved no matter yeast selenium, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and active dry yeast are added at the same time or two of the yeast products are added. Comparing the test groups with the control group 2, the control group 3 and the control group 4, it can be found that the effect of simultaneously adding the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast is better than that of singly adding the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae or simultaneously adding two products of the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast in improving the oxidation resistance of the fattening pigs. The test result shows that: the selenium yeast, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast are added with the effect of improving the oxidation resistance of the pig, have a synergistic effect and have an optimal addition range.

Example 3 application of feed for improving yellow fat meat to the improvement of yellow fat meat problems of growing-finishing pigs

In order to evaluate the improvement effect of the invention on the pig yellow fat meat problem, an evaluation test is carried out in the animal nutrition test base of Angel Yeast GmbH. 336 big-large ternary hybrid fattening pigs with good body conditions and body weights close to (76.17 +/-1.58) are selected in the test and randomly divided into 14 groups, each group has 4 repetitions, and 6 pigs are repeated, wherein the control group is fed with the ration of the comparative example 1.1, the control groups 2 to 5 are fed with the rations of the comparative examples 1.2 to 1.5, the nine test groups are fed with the rations of the examples 1.1 to 1.9, and the specific test grouping and treatment are shown in table 4. The pig back fat color level was evaluated after 30 days of the test by analyzing the back fat brightness values of the pigs of each test group with a color difference meter and using the brightness value (L), the redness value (a), and the yellowness value (B) in the LAB color model.

The color data for the back fat of the pigs in each treatment group are shown in Table 5, and the color data are shown in Table 6.

Table 4 test grouping and treatment

TABLE 5 pig dorsal fat LAB color data for each treatment group

TABLE 6 meanings of LAB

Item	Name (R)	Range	Means of
				L	Brightness value	0～100	The larger the value, the brighter and whiter the representation
A	Redness value	-120～+120	The more red the + value indicates, the greener the-value indicates
				B	Yellowness index	-120～+120	The more yellow the value of + value indicates, the table of-valuesDeflection indicating blue

As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the control group, the back fat color brightness values of the test pigs of the test group are improved to different degrees, and the redness value and the yellowness value are reduced to different degrees, which shows that the feed ration provided by the invention has the effect of improving the problem of the yellow fat meat. Wherein, the comparison of the test groups 1 and 2 shows that the effect on improving the yellow fat meat problem is better along with the increase of the cell wall adding amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae; the comparison of the test groups 1 and 3 shows that the effect on improving the yellow fat meat problem is better along with the increase of the addition amount of the selenium yeast; the comparison of the test groups 1 and 4 shows that the effect on improving the yellow fat meat problem is better along with the increase of the adding amount of the active dry yeast. . In conclusion, the yeast selenium, the cell wall of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast all have the effect of improving the pig yellow fat meat problem and have the synergistic effect, wherein the yeast selenium has the largest influence on the meat quality, the optimal addition range exists in the synergistic effect of the yeast selenium, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the active dry yeast, and the pig yellow fat meat problem can be well improved by the feed provided by the invention.

Claims

1. The feed additive for improving the pig yellow fat meat is characterized by comprising 50-150 parts by weight of yeast selenium, 500-3000 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and 100-1500 parts by weight of active dry yeast.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the selenium yeast is 100 to 150 parts by weight.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the yeast cell wall is 500 to 2000 parts by weight.

4. A feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the active dry yeast is present in an amount of 100 to 1000 parts by weight.

5. A feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the selenium content of the selenium yeast is 1600 to 2300mg/kg, preferably 2000 mg/kg; wherein, the selenium in the form of selenomethionine in the selenium yeast accounts for more than 55 percent of the total selenium.

6. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall comprises mannan, β -glucan, protein and chitin, wherein the content of mannan is 20% or more, and the content of β -glucan is 20% or more.

7. A feed for improving pig yellow fat meat, which comprises a basic daily ration and the feed additive of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the addition amount of the yeast selenium in each ton of the feed is 50-150 g, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls in each ton of the feed is 500-3000 g, and the addition amount of the active dry yeast in each ton of the feed is 100-1500 g.

8. The feed of claim 7, wherein the basal ration is selected from one or more of the following: energy component, protein component, mineral component, and vitamin component.

9. The feed according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the basic ration further comprises montmorillonite, lysine and xylanase, wherein the added mass of montmorillonite is 0.15-0.20% of the basic ration, the added mass of lysine is 0.15-0.20% of the basic ration, and the added mass of xylanase is 0.03-0.05% of the basic ration.

10. The feed of claim 8 or 9, wherein the energy component comprises 77.0-82.0% by mass of the basal diet.

11. A feed according to any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein the protein component comprises from 15% to 20%, preferably from 15.5% to 17.5% by mass of the basal diet.

12. A feed as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11 wherein the mineral component is present in an amount of from 2.0% to 2.5% by mass of the basal diet.

13. The feed of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the vitamin component is present in an amount of 0.45% to 0.55% by weight of the basal diet.

14. The feed of any one of claims 8-13, wherein the energy component is selected from one or more of corn, wheat, bran, wheat middlings, rice bran, soybean oil; the protein component is selected from one or more than two of soybean meal, expanded soybean, fish meal and miscellaneous meal raw materials; the mineral components are selected from one or more of salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, stone powder, bone meal and calcium hydrophosphate; the vitamin component is selected from one or more of choline chloride, folic acid, biomass, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid or compound multivitamin.

15. A process for the preparation of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

16. A process for the preparation of a feed as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 14, comprising the steps of:

17. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or a feed according to any one of claims 7 to 14, in the field of animal feed.