CN113016939A - Application of glycocyamine in improving beef cattle production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality - Google Patents
Application of glycocyamine in improving beef cattle production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016939A CN113016939A CN202110311292.0A CN202110311292A CN113016939A CN 113016939 A CN113016939 A CN 113016939A CN 202110311292 A CN202110311292 A CN 202110311292A CN 113016939 A CN113016939 A CN 113016939A
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- beef cattle
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- MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C21 MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of feed additives, in particular to application of glycocyamine in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle. The invention provides application of guanidinoacetic acid in improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, wherein the daily dosage of the guanidinoacetic acid is 5-40 g/head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed additives, in particular to application of glycocyamine in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demand of people on meat products not only rapidly increases in quantity, but also improves the quality requirement. People no longer meet the requirements of pork and poultry meat, and beef is used as high-quality and high-nutrition meat and has increasingly large demand because of high quality. At present, beef becomes the third largest meat after pork and poultry meat in China, and compared with the pork and poultry, beef cattle have the defects of long breeding time, low breeding rate, high breeding cost and the like, so that the phenomenon of insufficient supply of beef occurs, how to shorten the breeding time, reduce the cost and improve the beef quality can be realized, and a large number of experts and scholars are continuously researching and exploring.
The nutrition regulation and control means is one of the most important and effective means for improving the production performance of beef cattle. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a novel nutritional feed additive, is the only precursor for synthesizing creatine in a vertebrate body, plays a biological function mainly through the formation of creatine through methylation in the animal body, and is a key substance for energy transfer of all living cells in the animal body. Compared with creatine, the glycocyamine has the advantages of low price, stable structure and convenient use, and researches on the glycocyamine for regulating and controlling the rumen fermentation function, the production performance, the slaughtering performance and the meat quality of beef cattle are not reported at present and are unknown about whether the production performance of beef cattle can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the application of the guanidinoacetic acid in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle, and the guanidinoacetic acid can improve the rumen fermentation function, improve the average daily gain of the beef cattle, reduce the feed-meat ratio, improve the oxidation resistance of an organism, improve the carcass weight and eye muscle area, reduce the drip loss of beef and effectively improve the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of the beef cattle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the application of the guanidinoacetic acid in improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle is realized, and the daily dosage of the guanidinoacetic acid is 5-40 g/head.
Preferably, the dosage of the guanidinoacetic acid is 20g per head per day.
The invention provides a feed composition for improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, which comprises a mixed concentrate and a coarse material which are independently packaged; the mixed concentrate comprises guanidinoacetic acid and concentrate; the concentrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of corn, 5-20% of wheat bran, 10-40% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix;
the premix comprises, based on 1kg of premix, vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
the coarse material comprises one or more of elephant grass silage, pennisetum hydridum silage, corn silage, peanut vine hay, corn straw and rice straw.
The invention provides a method for improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
and feeding beef cattle with the mixed concentrated feed and the coarse feed in turn for each meal.
Preferably, the feeding frequency of the mixed concentrate and the coarse feed is 2-3 times/d.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the glycocyamine is 2.5-20 g/head.
Preferably, the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is 0.8-1.8% of the weight of the beef cattle.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dry matters of the mixed refined material to the dry matters of the coarse material is (4-7) to (3-6).
Has the advantages that: the invention provides application of guanidinoacetic acid in improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, wherein the daily dosage of the guanidinoacetic acid is 5-40 g/head, the average daily gain of the beef cattle can be improved by utilizing the guanidinoacetic acid, the feed conversion ratio is reduced, the oxidation resistance of an organism is improved, the rumen fermentation function is improved, the carcass weight and the eye muscle area are improved, the drip loss of beef is reduced, and the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of the beef cattle are effectively improved.
In addition, the glycocyamine disclosed by the invention has no toxic or side effect, is environment-friendly, is a very good antibiotic substitute, and avoids the problems of drug residues and the like existing in the conventional antibiotics.
Detailed Description
The materials used in the present invention are all those conventionally purchased by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides an application of Glycocyamine (GAA) in improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle, wherein the daily dosage of glycocyamine is 5-40 g/head, preferably 10-40 g/head, and more preferably 20 g/head.
The guanidinoacetic acid can increase the content of creatine and ATP in animal cells, increase the energy storage of organisms, has no toxic or side effect, is environment-friendly, is a very good antibiotic substitute, and avoids the problems of drug residue and the like of the existing antibiotics; the feed conversion efficiency can be effectively improved, the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in beef cattle serum is increased, the oxidation resistance of beef cattle bodies is improved, the rumen fermentation function is improved, the carcass weight and eye muscle area are increased, the drip loss of beef is reduced, and the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle are effectively improved.
The invention provides a feed composition for improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, which comprises a mixed concentrate and a coarse material which are independently packaged; the mixed concentrate comprises guanidinoacetic acid and concentrate; the concentrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of corn, 5-20% of wheat bran, 10-40% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix, preferably 60% of corn, 10% of wheat bran, 25% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix; the premix comprises, based on 1kg of premix, vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g; the coarse material comprises one or more of elephant grass silage, pennisetum hydridum silage, corn silage, peanut vine hay, corn straw and rice straw. In the invention, the concentrate adopts a proper amount of corn and wheat bran, so that sufficient energy can be provided for beef cattle; meanwhile, the wheat bran is cheaper than the corn, and the proper amount of the wheat bran can reduce the feed cost; the soybean meal is the most important of the daily ration of livestock and poultry, is also the plant protein feed with the best quality, and provides protein and essential amino acid for beef cattle; calcium bicarbonate belongs to mineral feed and mainly provides calcium element for beef cattle; the premix mainly supplements vitamins and trace elements, and provides sufficient nutrition for the beef cattle under the coordination of the components, thereby ensuring the normal growth of the beef cattle.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the silage is preferably to knead and cut the silage plants and ferment the silage plants to obtain the silage. In the invention, the silage plants comprise one or more of grassiness, pennisetum hydridum and corn; the fermentation is preferably carried out in a silage silo; the fermentation mode is preferably anaerobic fermentation, and the specific operation is preferably that the rolled and cut silage plants obtained by rolling and cutting are placed in a silage silo, compacted and sealed for fermentation; the fermentation time is preferably 30-50 d, and more preferably 40-45 d; the fermentation temperature is preferably 10-30 ℃, and more preferably 18-25 ℃.
The invention provides a method for improving the production performance, slaughtering performance and meat quality of beef cattle, which comprises the following steps:
and feeding beef cattle with the mixed concentrated feed and the coarse feed in turn for each meal.
The beef cattle are fed with the mixed concentrated feed and the coarse feed in sequence every meal. In the invention, the feeding frequency of the concentrated feed is preferably 2-3 times/d, and more preferably 2 times/d; the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is preferably 0.8-1.8% of the weight of beef cattle, and more preferably 1.0-1.5%. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the proportion is lower the greater the weight of the beef cattle, e.g. 5.25kg (1.5%) per day of concentrate for 350kg beef cattle and 7kg (1%) per day of concentrate for 700kg beef cattle.
In the invention, the feeding amount of the glycocyamine is preferably 2.5-20 g/head, more preferably 5-20 g/head, and most preferably 10-15 g/head; the guanidinoacetic acid is available from Shandong Feiyi GmbH.
In the invention, the mode of feeding the concentrated feed and the coarse feed is preferably that the coarse feed is fed after the beef cattle eat the concentrated feed, so that the beef cattle eat all the concentrated feed, and the glycocyamine completely enters the beef cattle, thereby ensuring that the glycocyamine can achieve the effect of improving the production performance of the beef cattle.
In the invention, the feeding frequency of the coarse material is preferably 2-3 times/d, and more preferably 2 times/d. In the invention, the mass ratio of the dry matters of the mixed refined material to the coarse material is preferably (4-7) to (3-6), and more preferably 4: 6.
In order to further illustrate the invention, the use of guanidinoacetic acid according to the invention for improving the performance properties of beef cattle in meat production, slaughter and meat quality is described in more detail below with reference to the examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly stirring 2.5g of guanidinoacetic acid and the concentrate fed by each meal of beef cattle to obtain a mixed concentrate; the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is 1.5 percent of the weight of the beef cattle; wherein the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of corn, 10% of wheat bran, 25% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix; the premix is as follows: per kilogram of premix contains: vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
(2) feeding the mixed concentrate obtained in the step (1) and then feeding the coarse feed to the beef cattle at each meal, wherein the mass ratio of the dry matter of the mixed concentrate to the dry matter of the coarse feed is 4: 6; feeding for 2 times a day; wherein the coarse material is grassiness silage, and the preparation method of the grassiness silage comprises the following steps: mowing elephant grass in sunny days, keeping the height of stubble at 10cm, then kneading and cutting elephant grass, putting the elephant grass into a silage silo, compacting and sealing, and fermenting at 25 ℃ for 42 days to open the silo for utilization.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly stirring 5g of guanidinoacetic acid and the concentrate fed by each beef cattle per meal to obtain a mixed concentrate; the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is 1.5 percent of the weight of the beef cattle; wherein the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of corn, 10% of wheat bran, 25% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix; the premix is as follows: per kilogram of premix contains: vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 1mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
feeding the mixed concentrate obtained in the step (1) and then feeding the coarse feed to the beef cattle at each meal, wherein the mass ratio of the dry matter of the mixed concentrate to the dry matter of the coarse feed is 4: 6; feeding for 2 times a day; wherein the coarse material is grassiness silage, and the preparation method of the grassiness silage is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly stirring 10g of guanidinoacetic acid and the concentrate fed by each beef cattle per meal to obtain a mixed concentrate; the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is 1.5 percent of the weight of the beef cattle; wherein the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of corn, 10% of wheat bran, 25% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix; the premix is as follows: per kilogram of premix contains: vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
feeding the mixed concentrate obtained in the step (1) and then feeding the coarse feed to the beef cattle at each meal, wherein the mass ratio of the dry matter of the mixed concentrate to the dry matter of the coarse feed is 4: 6; feeding for 2 times a day; wherein the coarse material is grassiness silage, and the preparation method of the grassiness silage is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 4
(1) Uniformly stirring 20g of guanidinoacetic acid and the concentrate fed by each beef cattle per meal to obtain a mixed concentrate; the daily dosage of the concentrated feed is 1.5 percent of the weight of the beef cattle; wherein the concentrate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% of corn, 10% of wheat bran, 25% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix; the premix is as follows: each kilogram of concentrate contains: vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
feeding the mixed refined material obtained in the step (1) and then feeding the coarse material to the beef cattle at each meal, wherein the mass ratio of the dry matter of the mixed refined material to the dry matter of the coarse material is 4: 6; feeding for 2 times a day; wherein the coarse material is grassiness silage, and the preparation method of the grassiness silage is the same as that of the example 1.
Application example 1
Influence of feed supplement glycocyamine on beef cattle production performance and nutrient digestibility
(1) Design of experiments
Adopting a single-factor experimental design, randomly dividing 45 malpighian yellow cattle into 5 groups according to the level of guanidinoacetic acid addition, and taking 1 group as a control group, namely basic daily ration +0g/d GAA; group 2 was the feeding regimen of example 1, i.e. basal diet +5g/d GAA; group 3 was the feeding regimen of example 2, i.e. basal diet +10g/d GAA; group 4 was the feeding regimen of example 3, i.e. basal diet +20g/d GAA; and 5, group: the feeding regimen of example 4, i.e. basal diet +40g/d GAA. Each set of 3 replicates, each replicate 3 heads.
Pre-fed 7d, positive run 45 d. During the test period, the feed is fed in equal amount twice in the sequence of first refined and then coarse at 7:00 and 17:00 every day, and the feed is tied to be fed and freely drunk. Before feeding each time, the accurately weighed GAA and the concentrate are uniformly mixed. The trough is cleaned every day, and the cowshed is cleaned.
(2) Sample collection
Feed sample: collecting fine and coarse feeds of each group on the same day in the first three days after the test is finished, taking the feeds back to a laboratory, drying the feeds in a 65 ℃ oven, keeping the feeds constant in weight, taking the feeds out, dampening the feeds at room temperature for 24 hours to prepare air-dried samples, crushing the feed samples, sieving the feed samples by a 40-mesh sieve, and storing the feed samples in a self-sealing bag for later use. Stool sample: three days before the feeding test is finished, selecting 3 test cows with similar weights for each group, continuously collecting 3-day feces samples, uniformly mixing the feces for three days, taking the feces back to a laboratory, placing the feces in a 65 ℃ oven to dry to constant weight, crushing the feces samples, sieving the crushed feces samples with a 40-mesh sieve, storing the feces samples in a self-sealing bag for later use, and storing and analyzing nutritional ingredients in the laboratory.
(3) Index measurement
Average Dry Matter Intake (ADMI). the intake and the amount of leftover material of the test cattle were accurately weighed and recorded every day, and finally the ADMI of the test cattle was calculated.
Average Daily Gain (ADG) by continuously weighing test cattle on an empty stomach at 07:00 for 2 days before the start of the official test, and taking the average value as the initial weight; after the whole test is finished, continuously weighing the test cattle on an empty stomach at 07:00 d, and taking the average value as the final weight; ADG and feed-meat ratio (F/G) were calculated from 2 weight means in combination with the number of test days.
Average Dry Matter Intake (ADMI) ═ Σ (amount of dry matter fed-amount of dry matter remaining)/number of days tested, formula I;
average Daily Gain (ADG) ═ final weight-initial weight/number of days tested, formula II;
feed to meat ratio (F/G) ═ ADMI/ADG, formula III;
the nutrient components are as follows: the daily ration and feces are measured by the method of feed analysis and feed quality detection technology, namely Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA), Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Organic Matter (OM) and crude Ash (Ash).
In the formula: n1 is the nutrient content (g/g) in the diet; n2 is the content of nutrients in the manure (g/g); a1 is the content of indicator in the diet (g/g); a2 is the content of indicator in feces (g/g).
(4) Data processing and statistical analysis
After the test data are preliminarily arranged by Excel 2010, SPSS 20.0 software is utilized to perform one-way ANOVA (one-way ANOVA) and when the difference is obvious, a Duncan method is adopted to perform multiple comparison, the result is expressed by the mean value plus or minus standard error, and the difference is obvious when P is less than or equal to 0.05. The regression analysis adopts multiple regression analysis.
Test results
1) Influence of glycocyamine on growth performance index of beef cattle
TABLE 1 Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on the growth Performance index of Huang cattle in Jinjiang
Note: the same row data symbols are marked with different letters to indicate significant difference (P <0.05), the same or no letter symbols to indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05), and the following table is the same.
As can be seen from table 1, there was no significant difference in the initial weight of beef cattle between groups before the start of the test (P >0.05), and also no significant difference in the terminal weight of beef cattle between groups after the feeding test (P > 0.05); compared with the group 1, the addition of 20g/d (example 3) and 40g/d (example 4) of glycocyamine in the feed significantly increased the Average Daily Gain (ADG) of the beef cattle (P < 0.05); compared with group 1, the addition of glycocyamine to the diet had no significant effect on average dry matter intake (ADFI) of beef cattle (P > 0.05); compared with the group 1, the feed with 5g/d (example 1), 10g/d (example 2), 20g/d (example 3) and 40g/d (example 4) of glycocyamine all significantly reduces the feed-meat ratio of beef cattle (P <0.05), wherein the group with 20g/d (namely example 3) of glycocyamine has the best effect and is significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05).
2) Effect of glycocyamine on apparent digestibility of beef cattle nutrients
TABLE 2 Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on apparent digestibility of nutrients
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of glycocyamine at 5g/d (example 1), 10g/d (example 2), 20g/d (example 3) and 40g/d (example 4) to the diet all numerically increased the apparent dry matter digestibility, the apparent organic digestibility and the apparent crude protein digestibility (P >0.05) of the beef cattle compared to group 1; compared with the group 1, the addition of 20g/d (example 3) of guanidinoacetic acid in the diet numerically increases the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers of beef cattle (P >0.05), by 5.54% and 13.27%, respectively.
Application example 2
Influence of glycocyamine supplemented by feed on biochemical indexes of beef cattle blood
(1) Design of experiments
The experimental design was the same as in application example 1.
(2) Sample collection
Collecting blood sample in 12h fasting before the day of experiment, collecting 15mL jugular vein blood by using a vacuum anticoagulation blood collection tube, standing on a slant, standing for 30min, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 10min, subpackaging the centrifuged serum in 1.5m LEP tubes, and then placing in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ for detection.
(3) Index measurement
Determination of serum biochemical indexes: the concentrations of blood Glucose (GLU), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (ALB), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in serum were measured using the corresponding kit.
Determination of serum antioxidant index: and detecting the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum by using a corresponding kit.
(4) Data processing and statistical analysis
The data processing and statistical analysis methods are the same as in application example 1.
Test results
1) Influence of glycocyamine on biochemical indexes of beef cattle serum
TABLE 3 Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on serum biochemical indices of Huang cattle in Jinjiang
As can be seen from Table 3, the addition of glycocyamine in the diet significantly reduced the blood glucose content in beef cattle serum (P <0.05) compared with group 1, and the blood glucose content in beef cattle serum was reduced by 17.33%, 16.57%, 13.90% and 11.81% (P <0.05) in groups 2-5 compared with group 1, respectively; compared with the group 1, the effect of the glycocyamine added into the diet on the total cholesterol content in the beef cattle serum is not significant (P is more than 0.05); compared with the group 1, the effect of the glycocyamine added into the feed on the content of triglyceride in the beef cattle serum is not significant (P > 0.05); compared with the group 1, the effect of the glycocyamine added into the diet on the total protein content in the beef cattle serum is not significant (P > 0.05); compared with the group 1, the effect of glycocyamine on the albumin content in the beef cattle serum is not obvious when the glycocyamine is added into the feed (P > 0.05); compared with the group 1, the effect of the glycocyamine added into the feed on the content of high-density lipoprotein in the beef cattle serum is not significant (P is more than 0.05); compared with the group 1, the effect of the glycocyamine added into the diet on the content of low-density lipoprotein in the beef cattle serum is not significant (P is more than 0.05).
2) Influence of glycocyamine on beef cattle serum antioxidant index
TABLE 4 Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on serum antioxidant index of Huang cattle in Jinjiang
As can be seen from table 4, the addition of glycocyamine to the diet had no significant effect on the malonaldehyde content in beef cattle serum (P >0.05) compared to group 1; compared with 1, the addition of 5g/d (example 1), 10g/d (example 2) and 20g/d (example 3) guanidinoacetic acid in the diet remarkably improves the content of superoxide dismutase in beef cattle serum (P <0.05), and respectively improves 31.41%, 54.69 and 40.23% (P < 0.05); compared with group 1, the effect of glycocyamine addition in the diet on the total antioxidant capacity in beef cattle serum is not significant (P > 0.05).
Application example 3
Influence of feed supplement glycocyamine on rumen fermentation function of beef cattle
(1) Design of experiments
The experimental design was the same as in application example 1.
(2) Sample collection
The feeding test is finishedOn the same day, 5 cattle with similar weight are respectively selected from 1 group to 5 groups, fasting is carried out before slaughter to ensure sufficient drinking water and rest, after 24 hours, the live weight of the cattle before slaughter is measured, then the test cattle is transported to a slaughter house to be slaughtered, slaughter is carried out according to the slaughter process of the slaughter house, inspection and quarantine are carried out, rumen fluid is immediately collected after slaughter, 4 layers of gauze are filtered, and part of filtrate is frozen and stored at-20 ℃ and is used for rumen fermentation parameters (pH and NH)3Determination of N and VFA).
(3) Index measurement
And (3) pH measurement: immediately after slaughtering, measuring rumen fluid filtered by four layers of gauze by using a portable pH meter;
ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH)3-N) reference von Zorelix et al (1993) determination of ammoniacal nitrogen using colorimetric method
Measuring the content of the microbial protein in the culture solution by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue method (ZINN, R.A. et al, 1986) and applying a 752 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer;
rumen fluid Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) assay: measuring with 2-ethyl butyric acid as internal standard by gas chromatography, centrifuging 2mL rumen fermentation broth at 5000 × g for 10min, collecting supernatant 1mL, placing in 2mL centrifuge tube, adding 0.2mL 25% metaphosphoric acid solution, mixing, and placing in 4 deg.C refrigerator overnight. Taking out the fermentation broth on day 2, centrifuging at 10000 Xg for 10min, collecting supernatant, placing in a sample bottle, and determining Total Volatile Fatty Acid (TVFA) and various volatile fatty acid contents in the fermentation broth by using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph. The measurement conditions were as follows: the temperature of the detection chamber is 220 ℃, the column temperature is 180 ℃, the temperature of the gasification chamber is 200 ℃, high-purity nitrogen is used as carrier gas, the pressure is 90kPa, the total flow is 37.2mL/min, the air flow is 400mL/min, the hydrogen flow is 40mL/min, the purging flow is 3mL/min, the split ratio is 50: 1, and the linear velocity is 23.4 cm/s.
(4) Data processing and statistical analysis
The data processing and statistical analysis methods are the same as in application example 1.
Test results
1) Influence of glycocyamine on biochemical indexes of beef cattle serum
TABLE 5 Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on rumen fermentation parameters of Caragana
As shown in Table 5, the feed added glycocyamine was found to have a pH value in rumen fluid and a NH ratio in comparison with group 13N, MCP, the content of total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid all have obvious influence, wherein the effect of the group added with 20g/d (example 3) of glycocyamine is most obvious, the concentration of MCP, total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid is obviously improved, and the pH and NH are obviously reduced3The concentration of N.
Application example 4
Effect of feed supplementation with glycocyamine on slaughter Performance and meat quality
(1) Design of experiments
The experimental design was the same as in application example 1.
(2) Sample collection
Splitting a slaughtered beef carcass into halves, collecting two parts of 12-13 rib back longissimus meat samples of the left carcass, and storing 200g of one part in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for conventional muscle nutrient component analysis; and putting another 500g of the meat sample into a 4 ℃ acid discharge room, and measuring indexes of drip loss, cooked meat rate, shearing force and the like of the meat sample after 24 hours, wherein the detection results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
(3) Index measurement
Carcass weight: discharging blood of cattle after being subjected to corona, removing heads, furs, hoofs, tails and internal organs, cutting along the central line of the back, and respectively weighing carcass weights at two sides;
backfat thickness: measuring the subcutaneous fat thickness (excluding the skin thickness) perpendicular to the back at the 12 th to 13 th ribs of the carcasses on the left side by using a vernier caliper, repeating the measurement twice at each position, and taking the average value of the four measurement values as the backfat thickness;
eye muscle area: drawing a longest rib back cross section graph of 12-13 carcasses by using transparent parchment paper, wherein the area drawn by the graph is the eye muscle area;
slaughter rate: (carcass/live weight 100), formula v;
and (3) beef pH determination: the pH value of the longissimus muscle sample after slaughtering for 45min and discharging acid at 4 ℃ for 24h is respectively measured by a portable pH meter. Each sample was measured three times and the mean value was taken;
and (3) meat color determination: the flesh color of the eye muscle after slaughter was measured by a colorimeter, and the brightness value (lightness, L.), the redness value (redness, a) and the yellowness value (yellowness, b) of each sample were recorded by the CIE chromaticity system. Each sample was measured 3 times and the average value was taken;
drip loss (calculation formula: Honikel1998): drip loss [ (initial weight-final weight)/initial weight ]. 100%, formula VI;
cooking loss (calculation formula refer to Honikel1998): the cooking loss is [ (initial weight-final weight)/initial weight ]. 100%, formula VII;
and (3) shear force measurement: measuring the meat sample after cooking loss, and cutting into three strips 1 x 3cm according to the muscle fiber direction3The shear force of the meat strip was measured in the direction perpendicular to the muscle fibers by a muscle tenderness meter. Taking the average value of each sample by 6 times;
determining the indexes of the nutritional ingredients of the meat: the water content is measured according to GB/T9695.15-2008 'moisture content measurement of meat and meat products' protein according to GB/T9695.11-2008 'nitrogen content measurement of meat and meat products'; fat is measured according to GB/T9695.7-2008 'determination of total fat content of meat and meat products'.
TABLE 6 influence of guanidinoacetic acid on the slaughtering Performance and carcass quality index of Huang cattle in Jinjiang province
TABLE 7 influence of guanidinoacetic acid on the longissimus dorsi muscle quality index of Huang cattle in Jinjiang
As can be seen from the experimental data reported in tables 6 and 7, in slaughter performance, live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, slaughter rate, backfat thickness and eye muscle area were improved in 2-5 groups compared with 1 group; in the meat quality indexes, compared with 1 group, 2-5 groups have reduced pH value, brightness value L, dripping loss and shearing force of the longissimus muscle meat sample after slaughtering for 45min and 24h at 4 ℃, and the redness value a, the yellowness value b and the cooking loss are improved; it can be seen that the addition of glycocyamine to the diet had a significant effect on the slaughter performance and meat quality of the beef cattle compared to group 1.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Application of guanidinoacetic acid in improving production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle is characterized in that the daily dosage of the guanidinoacetic acid is 5-40 g/head.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of guanidinoacetic acid used per day is 20g per head.
3. A feed composition for improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle is characterized by comprising independently packaged mixed concentrate and coarse material; the mixed concentrate comprises guanidinoacetic acid and concentrate; the concentrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of corn, 5-20% of wheat bran, 10-40% of soybean meal, 1% of calcium bicarbonate and 4% of premix;
the premix comprises, based on 1kg of premix, vitamin A150000 IU, vitamin D320000IU, vitamin E3000 IU, Fe 3200mg, Mn 1500mg, Zn 2000mg, Cu 650mg, I35 mg, Se 10mg, Co 10mg, Ca 130g and P30 g;
the coarse material comprises one or more of elephant grass silage, pennisetum hydridum silage, corn silage, peanut vine hay, corn straw and rice straw.
4. A method for improving the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding beef cattle with the mixed concentrate and the coarse feed of claim 3 in sequence for each meal.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the feeding frequency of the mixed concentrate and the coarse feed is 2-3 times/d.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the glycocyamine is fed in an amount of 2.5-20 g/head per time.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentrate is used in an amount of 0.8-1.8% per day based on the weight of the beef cattle.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the dry matter of the mixed concentrate to the dry matter of the coarse material is (4-7) to (3-6).
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Application publication date: 20210625 |