CN113013545B - Soft package battery and battery module - Google Patents
Soft package battery and battery module Download PDFInfo
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- CN113013545B CN113013545B CN202110226141.5A CN202110226141A CN113013545B CN 113013545 B CN113013545 B CN 113013545B CN 202110226141 A CN202110226141 A CN 202110226141A CN 113013545 B CN113013545 B CN 113013545B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 87
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application discloses a soft package battery and a battery module, wherein the soft package battery comprises a battery core and a soft package bag, the soft package bag comprises a closed main body for accommodating the battery core and an edge sealing formed by heat sealing, the edge sealing comprises at least one weak sealing area, the edge sealing strength of the weak sealing area is smaller than that of other edge sealing areas except the weak sealing area, and the weak sealing area is arranged on the edge sealing.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery design development and application, in particular to a soft package battery and a battery module.
Background
The soft package battery is used as one of the batteries, and is widely applied to the fields of power, energy storage and the like due to the advantages of good safety, high monomer energy density, small internal resistance and the like.
In recent years, with the increase of battery energy density, the risk that a single battery is subject to thermal runaway to cause thermal runaway of a battery module and a battery system is increased; in the field of power batteries, the situation that the battery of a high-nickel 811 system is out of control to cause the heat spreading of a battery pack and finally cause the ignition and explosion of the whole vehicle is more and more.
Therefore, prevention of thermal runaway and thermal spread of the battery is an urgent issue in the industry. Currently, most technicians or businesses have developed to try to solve the problem of thermal runaway of the battery in terms of improving the thermal stability of the battery material. Meanwhile, some enterprises prevent thermal runaway of other batteries or modules caused by thermal runaway of single batteries by adding a passive heat insulation material in the process of forming a battery system by the batteries. In any way, the problems of thermal runaway and thermal spread after the thermal runaway of the battery are not well solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a soft package battery and a battery module, which can solve the problem that other batteries and modules are out of control due to heat spreading after the thermal runaway of a single battery.
To solve the above technical problem, a first aspect of the present application provides a soft pack battery, including:
a battery cell;
a soft bag;
the soft package bag comprises a closed main body for accommodating the battery cell and an edge sealing formed by heat sealing, wherein the edge sealing comprises at least one weak sealing area, and the edge sealing strength of the weak sealing area is smaller than that of other edge sealing areas except the weak sealing area.
Through setting up weak seal region in the suitable position of soft packet of bag, when the monomer soft packet of battery takes place thermal runaway, the inside gas that produces of soft packet of battery is in a large amount, and when the gas that produces reached a certain amount, the eruption thing that gas and solid particle formed was washed out from weak seal region on the soft packet of bag for pressure in the soft packet of bag obtains releasing, avoids the inside pressure of monomer soft packet of battery too big to arouse the explosion.
Preferably, the battery cell is a dry battery cell.
In a preferred embodiment, the weak sealing area is arranged on the side edge of the battery cell and/or the edge sealing corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell. The strength of the soft bag at the edge sealing corresponding to the side edge of the battery core and/or the top edge of the battery core is weak, weak sealing areas are arranged at the parts, the weak sealing areas are consistent with the explosion trend of the soft bag battery, and the process adjustment is small and easy to realize.
In a preferred embodiment, the width of the edge seal of the weak seal area is smaller than the width of the edge seal areas other than the weak seal area. The compressive capacity of the weak sealing area is reduced by shortening the edge sealing width, so that the weak sealing area is formed, and the directional eruption of the soft-packaged battery during thermal runaway is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the weak seal area is provided with at least one notch arranged along the outer edge of the seal. Preferably, the weak seal area is a pit.
In a preferred embodiment, the weak seal area is provided with at least one hollow structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the weak seal region has a package strength gradient.
Preferably, the package strength increases from the center to both sides at the center of symmetry of the weak seal area. Through setting up the encapsulation intensity gradient, realize that when preliminary unusual appears, the soft bag appears little gas vent, guarantees the normal use of electric core, and gives certain response time and carry out emergency treatment.
A second aspect of the present application provides a battery module comprising a module case and at least two pouch batteries as described in the first aspect, the pouch batteries being accommodated in the module case;
the module shell is provided with at least one explosion venting channel, one end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the battery module, and the other end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the outside;
and the explosion venting channel corresponds to the weak sealing area of the soft package battery.
When a soft package battery is out of control, the eruption generated in the soft package battery is ejected from the weak sealing area, and the ejected eruption can be rapidly discharged from the explosion venting channel of the battery module; on one hand, the problem of thermal runaway of the soft package battery is prevented from causing the spread and affecting other safe soft package batteries, and on the other hand, the accident expansion caused by the thermal runaway of the module is prevented.
In a preferred embodiment, the module housing comprises three cover units, each cover unit comprises two cover components arranged oppositely, and the three cover units form a closed space for accommodating the soft package battery;
at least one explosion venting channel is arranged on at least one cover plate component;
preferably, the at least one explosion venting channel comprises a first explosion venting channel and/or a second explosion venting channel;
at least one cover plate component which is arranged corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell is provided with a first explosion venting channel; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
and a second explosion venting channel is arranged on at least one cover plate component which is arranged corresponding to the side edge of the battery cell.
By arranging the first explosion venting channel and/or the second explosion venting channel, when one soft package battery is out of control, the eruption generated in the soft package battery can be discharged from the corresponding explosion venting channel when being ejected from the weak sealing area corresponding to the top edge and/or the side edge of the battery core, so that the soft package battery which is spread and affects other safety is avoided.
Preferably, the three cover plate units include a first cover plate unit, a second cover plate unit and a third cover plate unit; the first cover plate unit comprises a front cover plate assembly and a rear cover plate assembly which are oppositely arranged and respectively correspond to the top edge of the battery cell; the second cover plate unit comprises an upper cover plate assembly and a lower cover plate assembly which are oppositely arranged and respectively correspond to the side edges of the battery cells; the third cover plate unit comprises a left cover plate component and a right cover plate component which are oppositely arranged and respectively correspond to a side surface of the battery cell.
Preferably, one of the detachable connection or the fixed connection is arranged between the three cover plate units.
Preferably, the module housing is one of an "n" type, a "U" type, and a "mouth" type.
In a preferred embodiment, the cover plate assembly corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell comprises an end cover assembly plate, wherein the end cover assembly plate comprises an end cover and an insulating plate, and the end cover and the insulating plate are matched to form a explosion venting cavity;
the insulating plate is provided with at least one inner explosion venting opening;
the top end of the end cover is lower than the insulating plate, the insulating plate comprises at least one concave structure which is concave towards the inside of the battery module, and the top end of the end cover and the concave structure form at least one leakage explosion port;
when any one of the soft-packaged batteries is out of control, the eruption substances erupted from the weak sealing area of the sealing edge corresponding to the top edge of the battery core enter the explosion venting cavity through the internal explosion venting opening and are discharged to the upper side of the battery module from the external explosion venting opening, so that when one battery module is out of control, the other modules are not affected, and the thermal runaway is concentrated in one module to avoid diffusion.
In a preferred embodiment, the cover assembly disposed corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell further comprises a cover mounting plate, the cover mounting plate being located on a side of the end cap mounting plate adjacent to the pouch cell;
the cover plate assembly plate comprises a copper bar and a plate groove for supporting the copper bar, the copper bar is positioned on one side of the plate groove, which is close to the end cover assembly plate, and the battery cell is electrically connected with the copper bar;
the weak seal areas and the copper bars are arranged in a staggered mode;
preferably, the spraying direction of the weak sealing area is perpendicular to the plane where the copper bar is located;
preferably, the edge sealing of the weak sealing area is arranged corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell, and the battery cell tab of the soft package battery is arranged in the plate groove in a penetrating manner.
By arranging the plate groove between the copper bar and the battery core, the copper bar and the battery core can be isolated to avoid short circuit caused by contact of the copper bar and the battery core; the insulating board physically isolates the copper bars, so that the battery module can be prevented from generating electric leakage and short circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, the end cover is provided with at least one lifting hole, and the sum of the hole areas of all the lifting holes does not exceed the sum of the hole areas of all the explosion venting ports so as to realize that the eruption entering the explosion venting cavity is basically discharged from the set explosion venting port.
Preferably, the hole area of any one of the lifting holes is not more than half of the hole area of any one of the leakage explosion vents.
The projection of the inner explosion venting opening on the end cover is not overlapped with the lifting hole, so that the spray material can not be directly sprayed out through the lifting hole after entering the inner explosion venting opening.
In a preferred embodiment, the cover plate assembly corresponding to the side edge of the battery cell includes a first outer plate and a side assembly plate attached to the first outer plate, and the side assembly plate is disposed on one side of the first outer plate, which is close to the soft package battery;
the first outer plate is provided with a first perforation, the side assembly plate is provided with a second perforation, and the first perforation is communicated with the second perforation and forms the second explosion venting channel.
Preferably, the second explosion venting channel is arranged on the upper side surface of the battery module, and preferably, the second cover plate unit comprises an upper cover plate assembly; and when any soft package battery is out of control, discharging the eruption from the weak sealing area of the sealing edge corresponding to the side edge of the battery core to the upper side of the battery module through the second explosion venting channel.
Preferably, the side assembly plate comprises a flexible circuit board and a support plate, and the flexible circuit is arranged on one side of the support plate, which is close to the soft package battery; the supporting plate is provided with a limiting structure for fixing the flexible circuit board; and the flexible circuit board is provided with a temperature acquisition sheet and a voltage acquisition sheet.
The connection modes of the temperature acquisition sheet and the voltage acquisition sheet with the flexible circuit board and the selection of the setting positions are known in the art, and a technician can select according to the assembly requirements of the battery module, and preferably, the connection can be performed in a welding mode.
Preferably, the left cover plate component and the right cover plate component of the third cover plate unit respectively comprise a second outer plate and a heat insulation plate, and the heat insulation plate is arranged on one side of the second outer plate, which is close to the soft package battery. By arranging the heat insulation plate, the influence of high temperature generated in the welding process on the soft package battery when the battery module is assembled and formed by the three cover plate units can be avoided.
Preferably, the heat insulation plate is made of high temperature resistant material, preferably mica sheet or aerogel with heat insulation effect, and can resist high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a short time and resist high temperature of more than 500 ℃ for a long time.
Preferably, the battery module further comprises foam cotton arranged between two adjacent soft package batteries; and or, foam between the soft package battery and the module shell.
Preferably, the foam material includes, but is not limited to, PU, CR, EVA, and PE.
The foam has low hardness and high resilience, and can absorb the bulge stress of the soft-package battery to play a role in buffering; meanwhile, when the soft package battery is out of control, the foam can play a role in heat insulation, inhibit heat diffusion and delay accidents.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that:
the present embodiment provides a soft pack battery including: a battery cell; a soft bag; the soft package battery comprises a sealed main body for accommodating a battery cell and a sealed edge formed by heat sealing, wherein the sealed edge comprises at least one weak sealing area, the sealed edge strength of the weak sealing area is smaller than that of other sealed edge areas except the weak sealing area, and the weak sealing area is arranged on the sealed edge;
the embodiment also provides a battery module, which comprises a module shell and at least two soft package batteries as described in the first aspect, wherein the soft package batteries are accommodated in the module shell; the module shell is provided with at least one explosion venting channel, one end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the battery module, and the other end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the outside; the explosion venting channel corresponds to a weak sealing area of the soft package battery; therefore, after the thermal runaway of one soft-packaged battery is sprayed, the rapid discharge of sprayed objects can be realized through the preset explosion venting channel, so that the influence of the sprayed objects on other soft-packaged batteries in the module and the battery module can be avoided, and the thermal spread protection measures can be realized on the battery system level;
it should be noted that, the present application only needs to achieve at least one of the above technical effects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flexible battery in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of another flexible battery in embodiment 2;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of yet another flexible battery in embodiment 3;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery module according to embodiment 4;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an end cap fitting plate in embodiment 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an insulating plate in embodiment 4;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cover mounting plate in embodiment 4;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the plate slot structure in embodiment 4.
The marks in the figure: 100-soft package batteries, 10-soft package bags, 21-first sealing edges, 22-second sealing edges, 23-third sealing edges, 1-first weak sealing areas, 2-second weak sealing areas, 200-battery modules, 210-module shells, 30-front cover plate assemblies, 31-end cover assembly plates, 311-end covers, 3111-lifting holes, 312-insulating plates, 313-concave structures, 32-cover plate assembly plates, 321-copper bars, 322-plate grooves, 110-battery core lugs, 40-upper cover plate assemblies, 50-right cover plate assemblies, 61-first explosion venting channels, 611-explosion venting cavities, 612-internal explosion venting ports, 613-explosion venting ports and 62-second explosion venting channels.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "vertical," "parallel," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As the battery energy density increases, so does the risk of thermal runaway of the pouch battery. The soft-packed battery generally adopts a soft-packed bag to form a sealed closed main body for wrapping the dry battery core by heat sealing, the battery can produce a large amount of gas at the beginning of thermal runaway, and the aluminum plastic film closed body can expand rapidly until the closed body explodes; along with the explosion of the closed body, the eruption material composed of high-temperature high-pressure gas and particulate matters is erupted instantly, and the ignition phenomenon occurs after the air is encountered, so that the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cells is further initiated, and finally the thermal runaway of the whole module is caused.
Based on the above phenomena, according to the ideal gas state equation: pv=nrt; (wherein P is the pressure in the enclosure, V is the volume of the enclosure, n is the amount of the substance of the gas, T is the gas temperature); under the condition that V, n and R are constant, P is proportional to T, and the pressure of the closed body increases with the rise of temperature. Therefore, when the pressure P of the closed body increases rapidly after thermal runaway, the burst breaks the pouch to cause damage to the pouch battery when the pressure P reaches the strength of the pouch. Because the edge seal is formed by heat sealing, the strength of the edge seal is the smallest in the whole soft bag and is most easily damaged after thermal runaway.
Once there is a thermal runaway of the soft pack battery, heat spreading of other soft pack batteries and the whole battery module will be caused, and this embodiment provides a soft pack battery and a battery module to solve the problem, which can effectively avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks.
The pouch battery and the battery module will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a soft package battery 100, where the soft package battery 100 includes a battery cell (not shown) and a soft package bag 10, the battery cell is a dry battery cell, and the soft package bag 10 is integrally made of an aluminum plastic film.
The pouch 10 includes a closed body that houses the battery cells and a sealed edge formed by heat sealing. In particular, to improve the stability and simplify the production process, the sealed soft bag is usually regular in shape, and preferably has a rectangular projection on a horizontal plane.
The seal comprises at least one weak seal area, and the seal strength of the weak seal area is smaller than that of other seal areas except the weak seal area.
In this embodiment, the edge seals include a first edge seal 21 and a second edge seal 22 corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell, respectively, and a third edge seal 23 corresponding to the side edge of the battery cell. In this embodiment, the first weak seal area 1 is disposed on the first seal edge 21, the second weak seal area 2 is disposed on the second seal edge 22, and the third weak seal area (not shown) is disposed on the third seal edge 23. The length of the weak sealing area is 1-2mm. A first weak seal area 1, a second weak seal area 2 and a third weak seal areaThe edge sealing strength P of the sealing area is smaller than that of other sealing areas except the weak sealing area 0 . The soft bag has weaker edge sealing strength corresponding to the side edges and the top edge of the battery cell, and weak sealing areas are arranged at the parts, so that gas generated by thermal runaway in the battery cell can be sprayed out from the two top edges and the upper side edges of the front top end and the rear top end, and the influence on other battery cells in the module is reduced.
In this embodiment, in order to make the edge sealing strength smaller than that of the edge sealing areas other than the weak sealing area, the edge sealing width of the weak sealing areas of the first edge sealing 21, the second edge sealing 22, and the third edge sealing 23 is smaller than that of the edge sealing areas other than the weak sealing area. The compressive capacity of the weak sealing area is reduced by shortening the edge sealing width, so that the weak sealing area is formed, and the directional eruption of the soft-packaged battery during thermal runaway is realized.
The specific scheme adopted by the embodiment is as follows: the widths of the first weak sealing area 1, the second weak sealing area 2 and the third weak sealing area are not more than 8mm, and the widths of other edge sealing areas are not less than 10mm.
Specifically, the first sealing edge 21, the second sealing edge 22 and the third sealing edge 23 are respectively provided with at least one notch along the outer edge of the sealing edge to form a first weak sealing area 1, a second weak sealing area 2 and a third weak sealing area. The shape of the notch is not limited in this embodiment, and may be circular, semicircular, rectangular, triangular, or any regular or irregular shape. The notch in this embodiment is specifically a pit.
In this embodiment, the width of the weak seal area is reduced by providing a notch in the weak seal area, so that the adhesive strength of the weak seal area is reduced. When the soft package battery is heated and expanded, the soft package battery is firstly opened from the weak edge sealing structure; therefore, the weak edge sealing structure can be opened to release the high-temperature and high-pressure explosion substance of the sealing body before the sealing body is expanded and exploded for explosion before the battery is in thermal runaway, and the harm of thermal runaway of the single battery is reduced.
The above-described manner of adjusting the edge seal strength is merely an exemplary illustration, and any method that does not depart from the spirit of the application can be used in the present application.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a soft package battery 100, which includes a battery cell (not shown) and a soft package bag 10, wherein the battery cell is a dry battery cell, and the soft package bag 10 is integrally made of an aluminum plastic film. The specific structure of the pouch battery 100 in this embodiment is similar to that of the pouch battery of embodiment 1, and differs only in that: in this embodiment, at least one hollow structure is disposed on the first seal edge 21, the second seal edge 22 and the third seal edge 23 to form a first weak seal area 1, a second weak seal area 2 and a third weak seal area, so as to realize that the seal width of the weak seal area is smaller than the width of other seal areas except the weak seal area. Specifically, the hollow structure is specifically a dot-shaped hollow.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a soft package battery 100, which includes a battery cell (not shown) and a soft package bag 10, wherein the battery cell is a dry battery cell, and the soft package bag 10 is integrally made of an aluminum plastic film. The specific structure of the pouch battery 100 in this embodiment is similar to that of the pouch battery of embodiment 1, and differs only in that: the weak sealing area has a packaging strength gradient, and preferably, the packaging strength is increased from the center to two sides at the symmetrical center of the weak sealing area; through setting up banding intensity gradient for gas can slowly escape in central point department when the inside gas production of soft packet of battery, aggravates when the thermal runaway degree, and the gas production increases, and weak seal of each gradient in weak seal region splits step by step, finally opens completely.
The existence of the packaging strength gradient can avoid the phenomenon that when the packaging strength of the weak sealing area is too large, the soft package battery has air blowing phenomenon, untimely response and large potential safety hazard; when the weak packaging strength is too low, a small abnormality in the soft package battery causes the soft package bag to be damaged, directly causes the module to be scrapped, and even causes leakage of liquid additives such as electrolyte, which is dangerous for a running vehicle. Therefore, the embodiment ensures the normal use of the battery cell by setting the packaging strength gradient so that the soft bag has a small gas leakage port when the primary abnormality occurs, and gives a certain reaction time to carry out emergency treatment (such as emergency braking), thereby not only ensuring the elimination of the thermal runaway risk of the battery cell, but also avoiding the reaction overstress of the battery cell to the thermal runaway risk and further ensuring the safety.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4-8, the present embodiment provides a battery module 200, wherein the battery module 200 includes a module housing 210 and at least two pouch batteries 100 as described in embodiment 1, 2 or 3, and the pouch batteries 100 are accommodated in the module housing 210.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the module housing 210 is one of an "n" type, a "U" type, and a "mouth" type. The module case 210 includes three cover units, each including two cover assemblies disposed opposite to each other, and the three cover units constitute a closed space accommodating the pouch battery 100. In this embodiment, the three cover units include a first cover unit, a second cover unit, and a third cover unit. The first cover plate unit comprises a front cover plate assembly 30 and a rear cover plate assembly (not shown) which are oppositely arranged and respectively correspond to the top edge of the battery cell; the second cover unit comprises an upper cover assembly 40 and a lower cover assembly (not shown) which are oppositely arranged and respectively correspond to the side edges of the battery cells; the third cover unit includes a left cover assembly (not shown) and a right cover assembly 50 disposed opposite to each other and corresponding to one side of the battery cell. The three cover units of the module case 210 are detachably connected, and a specific connection method refers to a detachable connection method between the left and right side plates, the upper and lower cover plates, and the front and rear side plates described in CN 111341954B.
The module housing 210 is provided with at least one explosion venting channel, one end of which is communicated with the inner cavity of the battery module 200 and the other end of which is communicated with the outside, and in this embodiment, the explosion venting channel corresponds to the weak sealing area of the soft package battery. When a thermal runaway occurs in one of the pouch cells 100, the spray generated in the pouch cell 100 is sprayed from the weak sealing area, and the sprayed spray can be rapidly discharged from the explosion venting channel of the module case 210; on one hand, the problem of thermal runaway of the soft package battery is prevented from causing the spread and affecting other safe soft package batteries, and on the other hand, the accident expansion caused by the thermal runaway of the module is prevented.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in this embodiment, at least one explosion venting channel is provided on at least one of the cover plate assemblies. Specifically, at least one cover plate component corresponding to the top edge of the battery core is provided with a first explosion venting channel 61, and at least one cover plate component corresponding to the side edge of the battery core is provided with a second explosion venting channel 62. By arranging the first explosion venting channel 61 and the second explosion venting channel 62, when one soft package battery 100 is out of control, the eruption generated in the soft package battery 100 can be discharged from the corresponding explosion venting channel when being ejected from the weak sealing area corresponding to the top edge or the side edge of the battery core, so that the situation that the other safe soft package batteries are affected due to spreading is avoided.
Of course, whether the first explosion venting channel 61 and the second explosion venting channel 62 are disposed or not and the specific disposition position may depend on the situation of the weak seal area disposed in the soft package battery, so in a specific embodiment, the module housing 210 may be disposed only with the first explosion venting channel 61 or only with the second explosion venting channel 62, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Further, referring to fig. 5 to 8, the front cap plate assembly 30 or the rear cap plate assembly, which are cap plate assemblies provided corresponding to the top edges of the battery cells, include an end cap assembly plate 31 and a cap plate assembly plate 32, wherein the cap plate assembly plate 32 is positioned on one side of the end cap assembly plate 31, which is close to the pouch cell 100, the end cap assembly plate 31 includes an end cap 311 and an insulating plate 312, and the first explosion venting channel 61 is provided on the end cap assembly plate 31 and is formed based on the end cap 311 and the insulating plate 312 in cooperation. The method comprises the following steps: the end cap 311 and the insulating plate 312 cooperate to form an explosion venting cavity 611, and the insulating plate 312 is provided with at least one internal explosion venting port 612; the top end of the end cap 311 is lower than the insulating plate 312, the insulating plate 312 comprises at least one concave structure 313 recessed toward the inside of the battery module 200, and the top end of the end cap 311 and the concave structure 313 form at least one leakage explosion port 613.
When any one of the soft pack batteries 100 is in thermal runaway, the eruption substances erupted from the weak sealing area of the edge sealing corresponding to the top edge of the battery core enter the explosion venting cavity 611 through the internal explosion venting port 612 and are discharged from the external explosion venting port 613 to the upper side of the battery module 200, so that when one battery module is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway is not influenced by other modules, and the thermal runaway is concentrated in one module to avoid diffusion.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the cap assembly plate 32 includes a copper bar 321 and a plate groove 322 supporting the copper bar 321, the copper bar 321 is located at one side of the plate groove 322 near the cap assembly plate 31, and the battery cell is electrically connected to the copper bar 321. The weak sealing areas of the soft package battery 100 are staggered with the copper bars 321, and the spraying directions of the weak sealing areas are perpendicular to the plane where the copper bars 321 are located, so that high-temperature sprayed matters sprayed from the weak sealing areas are prevented from being sprayed on the copper bars 321 to corrode the copper bars 321. In addition, the first sealed edge 21 provided with the first weak sealing area 1 and the battery cell tab 110 of the soft package battery 100 are inserted into the plate groove 322, so that the internal assembly of the battery module 200 is more compact.
In the embodiment, the plate groove 322 is arranged between the copper bar 321 and the battery cell, so that the copper bar 321 and the battery cell can be isolated to avoid short circuit caused by contact between the copper bar 321 and the battery cell; and, the insulating plate 312 physically isolates the copper bars 321, which can prevent the battery module 200 from leakage and short circuit.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in order to facilitate the installation of the battery module 200 in a vehicle or the like, the end cap 311 is provided with at least one hanging hole 3111 for installation. In order to make the eruption entering the explosion venting cavity 611 basically discharged from the set explosion venting opening, the probability of the eruption being dispensed from the lifting hole 3111 should be reduced, specifically: the sum of the hole areas of all the lifting holes 3111 does not exceed the sum of the hole areas of all the leakage explosion vents 613, and the projection of the inner leakage explosion vents 612 on the end cover 311 is not overlapped with the lifting holes 3111, i.e. the inner leakage explosion vents 612 are not right opposite to the lifting holes 3111, so that when the spray enters the inner leakage explosion vents 612, the spray cannot be directly sprayed out through the lifting holes 3111.
Specifically, to control the hole area of the lifting hole 3111, the hole area of any lifting hole 3111 in this embodiment is not more than half of the hole area of any escape vent 613.
In this embodiment, the ejected material enters the first explosion venting channel 61, sequentially passes through the inner explosion venting port 612, the explosion venting cavity 611 and the outer explosion venting port 613, and the cross-sectional area of the first explosion venting channel 61 is increased in the process of entering the explosion venting cavity 611 through the inner explosion venting port 612, so as to reduce the airflow velocity of the ejected material, and reduce the impact force when the ejected material is ejected from the outer explosion venting port 613.
The cover plate component corresponding to the side edge of the battery cell comprises a first outer plate (not shown) and a side assembly plate (not shown) attached to the first outer plate, wherein the side assembly plate is arranged on one side of the first outer plate, which is close to the soft package battery, and corresponds to a third weak seal area arranged on the third seal edge 23. The first outer plate is provided with a first perforation (not shown) and the side mounting plate is provided with a second perforation (not shown), the first perforation being in communication with the second perforation and constituting a second explosion venting channel 62.
As shown in fig. 4, the second explosion venting channel 62 in this embodiment is disposed on the upper side of the module housing 210, that is, the upper cover assembly 40 included in the second cover unit. When any soft package battery is out of control, the eruption material erupted from the third weak sealing area on the third sealing edge 23 corresponding to the side edge of the battery core is discharged to the upper side of the battery module 200 through the second explosion venting channel 62, so that the heat is prevented from spreading to other modules.
Specifically, the side assembly plate includes a flexible circuit board (not shown) and a support plate (not shown), and the flexible circuit is disposed on one side of the support plate near the pouch cell 100; the support plate is provided with a limit structure (not shown) for fixing the flexible circuit board; the flexible circuit board is provided with a temperature acquisition sheet and a voltage acquisition sheet. The connection modes of the temperature acquisition sheet and the voltage acquisition sheet and the flexible circuit board and the selection of the setting positions are known in the art, and a technician can select according to the assembly requirements of the battery module, for example, the connection can be performed by a welding mode, and the embodiment does not limit the connection.
The left and right cover plate assemblies 50 of the third cover plate unit respectively include a second outer plate and a heat insulating plate, and the heat insulating plate is disposed at one side of the second outer plate, which is close to the soft pack battery. By arranging the heat insulation plate, the influence of high temperature generated in the welding process on the soft package battery when the battery module is assembled and formed by the three cover plate units can be avoided. Preferably, the heat insulation plate is made of high temperature resistant material, preferably mica sheet or aerogel with heat insulation effect, and can resist high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a short time and resist high temperature of more than 500 ℃ for a long time.
Preferably, the battery module 200 further includes foam (not shown) disposed between two adjacent pouch batteries 100 and between the pouch batteries 100 and the module case 210. The kind of foam material is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and the kind of material that can absorb the expansion of the cell and insulate heat in the prior art can be used in the present application, including but not limited to PU, CR, EVA, PE, etc. The foam has low hardness and high resilience, and can absorb the bulge stress of the soft-package battery to play a role in buffering; meanwhile, when the soft package battery is out of control, the foam can play a role in heat insulation, inhibit heat diffusion and delay accidents. For a specific design calculation method of foam, refer to CN111129386B.
According to the battery module provided by the embodiment, after one soft-pack battery in the module is subjected to thermal runaway eruption, the eruption can be rapidly discharged through the preset explosion venting channel, so that the eruption can be prevented from affecting other soft-pack batteries in the module and the battery module, and the thermal spreading protection measure can be realized on the battery system level.
All the above optional technical solutions can be combined to form an optional embodiment of the present application, and any multiple embodiments can be combined, so as to obtain the requirements of coping with different application scenarios, which are all within the protection scope of the present application, and are not described in detail herein.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A pouch battery, the pouch battery comprising:
a battery cell;
a soft bag;
the soft package bag comprises a closed main body for accommodating the battery cell and a sealed edge formed by heat sealing, wherein the sealed edge comprises at least one weak sealing area, and the sealed edge strength of the weak sealing area is smaller than that of other sealed edge areas except the weak sealing area;
the soft package battery is accommodated in a module shell of the battery module, the module shell comprises three cover plate units, and each cover plate unit comprises two cover plate components which are oppositely arranged;
the cover plate assembly corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell comprises an end cover assembly plate, wherein the end cover assembly plate comprises an end cover and an insulating plate, and the end cover is matched with the insulating plate to form a explosion venting cavity;
the insulating plate is provided with at least one inner explosion venting opening;
the top end of the end cover is lower than the insulating plate, the insulating plate comprises at least one concave structure which is concave towards the inside of the battery module, and the top end of the end cover and the concave structure form at least one leakage explosion port;
when any soft package battery is out of control, the eruption material erupted from the weak sealing area of the sealing edge corresponding to the top edge of the battery core enters the explosion venting cavity through the inner explosion venting opening and is discharged from the outer explosion venting opening to the upper side of the battery module.
2. The pouch cell of claim 1, wherein the weakened sealing is provided on a side edge of the cell and/or a top edge of the cell.
3. The pouch cell of claim 2, wherein the weak seal area has a seal width that is less than the width of the other seal areas except for the weak seal area;
the weak sealing area is provided with at least one notch arranged along the outer edge of the sealing edge; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
and the weak sealing area is provided with at least one hollow structure.
4. The pouch cell of claim 2, wherein the weak seal region has a package strength gradient.
5. A battery module comprising a module housing and at least two pouch cells according to any one of claims 1-4, the pouch cells being housed in the module housing;
the module shell is provided with at least one explosion venting channel, one end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the battery module, and the other end of the explosion venting channel is communicated with the outside;
and the explosion venting channel corresponds to the weak sealing area of the soft package battery.
6. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the three cover plate units constitute a closed space accommodating the pouch cells;
at least one explosion venting channel is arranged on at least one cover plate component;
the at least one explosion venting channel comprises a first explosion venting channel and a second explosion venting channel; the battery cell is characterized in that at least one cover plate component which is arranged corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell is provided with a first explosion venting channel, and at least one cover plate component which is arranged corresponding to the side edge of the battery cell is provided with a second explosion venting channel.
7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the cover assembly disposed corresponding to the top edge of the battery cell further comprises a cover plate assembly plate positioned on a side of the end cap assembly plate adjacent to the pouch cell;
the cover plate assembly plate comprises a copper bar and a plate groove for supporting the copper bar, the copper bar is positioned on one side of the plate groove, which is close to the end cover assembly plate, and the battery cell is electrically connected with the copper bar;
the weak seal areas and the copper bars are arranged in a staggered mode;
and the cell electrode lug of the soft package battery is penetrated in the plate groove and corresponds to the top edge of the cell and is provided with an edge sealing of the weak sealing area.
8. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein the end cap is provided with at least one lifting hole, and the sum of the hole areas of all the lifting holes does not exceed the sum of the hole areas of all the vent holes;
the projection of the inner explosion venting opening on the end cover is not overlapped with the lifting hole.
9. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein the cover plate assembly corresponding to the side of the battery cell comprises a first outer plate and a side assembly plate attached to the first outer plate, the side assembly plate being disposed on one side of the first outer plate close to the pouch cell;
the first outer plate is provided with a first perforation, the side assembly plate is provided with a second perforation, and the first perforation is communicated with the second perforation and forms the second explosion venting channel.
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| CN202110226141.5A CN113013545B (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Soft package battery and battery module |
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| CN202110226141.5A CN113013545B (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Soft package battery and battery module |
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| CN113013545B true CN113013545B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114937838B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-07-07 | 孚能科技(赣州)股份有限公司 | Battery cell assembly frame, battery cell assembly, battery module and battery pack |
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