CN113004284A - 作为血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂的四环类化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
作为血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂的四环类化合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113004284A CN113004284A CN201911334263.5A CN201911334263A CN113004284A CN 113004284 A CN113004284 A CN 113004284A CN 201911334263 A CN201911334263 A CN 201911334263A CN 113004284 A CN113004284 A CN 113004284A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种结构新颖、活性好、选择性高的四环类血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂化合物,可广泛用于涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性相关的疾病的预防或治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对血浆激肽释放酶具有选择性抑制活性的四环类化合物及其用途。
背景技术
血浆激肽释放酶(plasma kallikrein,PK)属丝氨酸蛋白酶家族的一员,最早是在哺乳动物的血浆中被发现。它由位于4q35染色体上的单个基因(KLKB1)编码,主要在肝脏中合成并以血浆激肽释放酶原(PPK)形式大量存在于血液循环中,PPK进一步通过凝血因子XIIa剪切其内在的Arg-IIe键激活转化成PK。PK是激肽释放酶-激肽系统(KKS)的一个关键酶,可作用于高分子量激肽原(KH),从而使其活化释放小分子缓激肽(BK),进而通过作用于缓激肽受体参与凝血、纤维蛋白溶解、补体激活以及炎症发生等生物学过程。
近年来,随着对血浆激肽释放酶的基因学、分子学和药理学的研究更加深入,人们对其生理和病理角色有了深入的认识。研究表明,血浆激肽释放酶与炎症性疾病、肿瘤、心血管疾病、肾病、中枢神经系统疾病、视网膜病以及糖尿病视网膜疾病等多种疾病密切相关。例如遗传性血管水肿(HAE),它是一种常染色体显性遗传,主要是由于患者体内C1-INH缺乏,导致其对血浆激肽释放酶的抑制作用减弱,不受控制的激活KKS系统,释放血管活性物质,使血管通透性增加引起典型的肿胀。目前已有艾卡拉肽和Lanadelumab等大分子血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂上市,在临床上用于治疗遗传性血管水肿,疗效显著。又例如,在糖尿病黄斑水肿患者眼部玻璃体中,发现其KKS系统过度激活,导致视网膜血管通透性增加和视网膜增厚。最近已有多项公开资料表明血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂可以降低视网膜血管通透性,用于治疗糖尿病视网膜疾病和糖尿病黄斑水肿。目前已有小分子和多肽类血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂用于治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿进入临床研究。
然而,现有报道的多肽和小分子类血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂又存在诸多限制。如艾卡拉肽被报道存在引起过敏性反应的风险。而现有报道的绝大部分小分子血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂具有高极性和可离子化的胍基或脒基官能团,这被认为难以透过生物膜导致口服生物利用度非常差(Tamie,J.et al.ASP-634:an oral drug candidate for diabeticmacular edema.ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract,2012,53,2240)。Biocryst开发了口服的血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂BCX4161(Collis,P.et al.,BCX4161,an oral kallikreininhibitor:safety and pharmacokinetic results of a Phase 1study in healthyvolunteers.J.Allergy Clin.Immunol 2014,133,Volume 133,Issue 2,Supplement,2014,AB39),其结构中的药效团苯甲脒基,可能导致化合物理化性质较差进而影响了药物的生物利用度,因此需以较大剂量给药,临床给药剂量达到了400mg每次,且每日需三次。此外现有的血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂还存在对相关酶如KLK1、凝血酶和其他丝氨酸蛋白酶选择性较差的问题。至今还没有小分子的血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂被批准上市。因此,研究新型、作用力更强、副作用更小的选择性血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂仍有需求。
发明内容
本发明涉及血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂化合物、所述化合物的药物组合物、所述化合物的制药用途以及化合物的治疗方法。
在某一方面,本发明提供式(I)的化合物,其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药:
其中,
A选自芳环或芳杂环,所述芳杂环含有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,所述芳环或芳杂环任选地被下述取代基取代:卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、OH、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
或者A选自稠合的6,5-或6,6-芳杂双环,所述芳杂双环含有N和任选的另外1-2个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子,所述芳杂双环任选地被下述取代基取代:卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、OH、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
L1选自(CR3R4)m,其中m为0、1、2;
X1为CR5或N,其中R5选自H、OH、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、环烷基、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
-C-D-选自-NH-CH2-、-N=CH-、-NCH3-CH2-、-NHCO-、-CH=CH-或-CH2-CH2-;
R1和R2独立地选自H和烷基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基;
R3和R4独立地选自H和烷基,或者R3和R4与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基。
R6、R7、R8、R9、R10独立地选自H、OH、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、环烷基、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
R1和R2独立地选自H和烷基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,R8为NH2或者C(R1)(R2)NH2,其中R1和R2独立地选自H和C1-3的烷基。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,R8为NH2。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,R8为CH2NH2。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,R6、R7、R9、R10独立地选自H、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,R6、R7、R9、R10独立地选自H、卤素或者CH3。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,A选自:
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,A选自异喹啉,其中异喹啉任选地被卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2取代;
R1和R2独立地选自H和烷基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,A选自异喹啉,其中异喹啉任选地被卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和氨基取代。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,A选自:
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,L1选自键、CH2、(CH2)2O。
在另一实施方案中,在式(I)的化合物中,L1选自CH2。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物中,X1为CR5,其中R5选自H、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基和(CH2)1-3OR1。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物中X1为CR5,其中R5选自H、CH3、CF3、CH2OCH3。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物中-C-D-选自-NH-CH2-、-N=CH-和-CH=CH-。
在另一实施方案中,式(I)的化合物选自:
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含本发明第一目的所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的第三目的在于提供本发明第一目的所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,在制备用于治疗或预防涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病或病症的的药物中的用途。
在另一实施方案中,涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为炎症。
在另一实施方案中,涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病选自视力受损、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病黄斑水肿、遗传性血管水肿、糖尿病、胰腺炎、脑出血、肾病、心肌病、神经病、炎性肠病、关节炎、感染性休克、低血压、癌症、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、弥散性血管内凝血、心肺旁路手术和外科手术后出血。
在另一实施方案中,涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病是与糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病黄斑水肿相关的视网膜血管通透性疾病。
在另一实施方案中,涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为糖尿病黄斑水肿。
在另一实施方案中,涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为遗传性血管水肿。
本发明的化合物可以与其他的治疗剂联合施用。联合施用疗法包括式(I)化合物和一种或多种其他的治疗剂,其他的治疗剂选自:抑制血小板衍生因子(PDGF)的治疗剂,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),整联蛋白α5β1,类固醇,抑制血浆激肽释放酶的其他治疗剂以及其他的炎症抑制剂。
当采用联合疗法时,本发明化合物和所述联用的治疗剂可以存在于相同或不同的药物组合物中,并且可以单独地、顺序地或同时地施用。
另一方面,本发明的化合物可以联合视网膜的激光治疗给药。激光光凝联合抗VEGF药物(如雷珠单抗)治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿为本领域所熟知且被验证疗效显著。
定义
如本文所用,术语“烷基”自身或作为另一取代基的部分意指(除非另外说明)具有指定碳原子数目的饱和直链或支链烃基。包括:至多10个碳原子(C1-C10),或至多6个碳原子(C1-C6),或至多4个碳原子(C1-C4)的直链基团;或者3至10个碳原子(C3-C10),或至多7个碳原子(C3-C7),或至多4个碳原子(C3-C4)的支链基团。烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基。
如本文所用,“烷氧基”代表通过氧桥连接的具有特定数目碳原子的上述烷基。包括:1至6个碳原子(C1-C6),或1至4个碳原子(C1-C4)的直链基团;-3至6个碳原子(C3-C6),或3至4个碳原子(C3-C4)的支链基团。烷氧基的实例包括但不限于:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基和S-戊氧基。
如本文所用,“环烷基”是3至7个碳原子的单环饱和烃基。环烷基可以含有3至7个碳原子或3至6个碳原子或3至5个碳原子或3至4个碳原子。单环环烷基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
如本文所用,“卤代烷基”是如上述的烷基上氢原子部分或全部被卤素原子取代形成的基团;除非另有说明,卤素选自Cl、F、Br和I。
如本文所用,术语“芳环”是指单环、双环或多环芳烃基团,例如苯、萘。术语“芳基”还包括具有两个或多个环系,其中两个或多个碳为两个相邻环共用(所述环为“稠合环”),其中至少一个环为芳族烃,其他的环可以是如环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。在某些实施例中,术语“芳基”是指苯基基团。在某些实施例中,“芳基”具有6至10个碳原子。
如本文所用,术语“芳杂环”是指单环、双环和多环芳族基团,在环结构中具有3至12个总原子,其中包括一个或多个杂原子,如氮、氧或硫。示例性芳杂环团包括氮杂吲哚基、苯并(b)噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并恶二唑基、呋喃基、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、吲哚基、吲哚啉基、吲唑基、异吲哚啉基、异恶唑基、异噻唑基、异喹啉基、恶唑基、嘌呤基、吡喃基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶基、吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、三唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、四氢吲哚基、四唑基、噻二唑基、噻吩基、硫代吗啉基、三唑基或托烷基等等。术语“芳杂环”还包括具有两个或多个环的多环系,其中两个或多个碳为两个相邻环共用(所述环是“稠合环”),其中至少一个环是在环结构中具有一个或多个杂原子的芳族基团,例如,其他的环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。
如本文所用,“芳杂双环”指双环芳族基团,在环结构中具有3至12个总原子,其中包括一个或多个杂原子,如氮、氧或硫。示例性芳杂双环包括氮杂吲哚基、苯并(b)噻吩基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并恶二唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、吲哚基、吲哚啉基、吲唑基、异吲哚啉基、异恶唑基、异噻唑基、异喹啉基、吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶基、吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶、吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶基、喹啉基、喹唑啉等等。术语“芳杂环”还包括具有两个或多个环的多环系,其中两个或多个碳为两个相邻环共用(所述环是“稠合环”),其中至少一个环是在环结构中具有一个或多个杂原子的芳族基团,例如,其他的环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。
如本文所用,术语“被取代的”是指特定原子上的任意一个或多个氢原子被取代基取代,可以包括重氢和氢的变体,只要特定原子的价态是正常的并且取代后的化合物是稳定的。当取代基为羰基(即=O)时,意味着两个氢原子被取代。羰基取代不会发生在芳香基上。术语“任选地被下述取代基取代”是指可以被取代,也可以不被取代,除非另有规定,取代基的种类和数目在化学上可以实现的基础上可以是任意的。
如本文所用,在化学结构中与键相交的波浪线指示键的附连点,其在化学结构中的波浪键与分子的其余部分相交。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的盐”,包括衍生自无机酸或有机酸的盐,所述无机酸或有机酸包括但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、乙醇酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、萘-2-磺酸和其他酸。药学上可接受的盐包括化合物碱与盐的分子摩尔比例不是1:1的情形。作为一个实例,盐可以包含相对于每个碱分子有两个分子的有机酸或者无机酸。作为另一个实例,盐可以包含相对于每个碱分子有1/2个分子的有机酸或者无机酸。
如本文所用,“溶剂化物”是指本申请的化合物与一个或多个溶剂分子的物理缔合;该物理缔合涉及各种程度的离子键和/或共价键,其包括氢键;在某些情况下,例如当将一个或多个溶剂分子引入到结晶固体的晶格中时,溶剂化物将能够被分离;“溶剂化物”涵盖溶液相和可分离的溶剂化物;合适的溶剂非限制性实例包括但不限于异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺等;“水合物”为其中溶剂分子为H2O的溶剂化物。
除非另有规定,本文所描绘的结构也意味着包括该结构的所有异构(例如对映异构、非对映异构和几何异构(或构象异构))形式;例如每一不对称中心的R与S构型,(Z)与(E)双键异构体,和(Z)与(E)构象异构体。因此,这些化合物的单一立体化学异构体以及对映异构、非对映异构和几何异构(或构象异构)混合物都属于本发明的范围。除非另有规定,本发明化合物的所有互变异构形式都属于本发明的范围。
本发明包括所有可药用的同位素标记的化合物,即式(I)化合物中一或多个原子被具有相同原子数但通常与自然形成的原子质量或质量数不同的原子替代。本发明化合物中适合的同位素实例包括但不限于:氢的同位素,例如2H和3H;碳的同位素,例如11C、13C和14C;氯的同位素,例如36Cl;氟的同位素,例如18F;碘的同位素,例如123I和125I;氮的同位素,例如13N和15N;氧的同位素,例如15O、17O和18O;磷的同位素,例如32P;和硫的同位素,例如35S。
如本文所用,“前药”是指在体内通过代谢方式(例如,通过水解、还原或氧化)而可转化成本发明化合物的化合物。
术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指能够递送本发明有效量活性化合物、不干扰活性化合物生物活性并且对宿主或者患者无毒副作用的任何制剂或载体介质,包括任何本领域普通技术人员已知的溶剂、分散介质、包衣材料、表面活性剂、抗氧剂、防腐剂(例如抗菌剂、抗真菌剂)、等张剂、吸收延迟剂、盐、防腐剂、药物、药物稳定剂、粘合剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、染料等及其组合。
术语“赋形剂”在本文中用来描述不同于本发明的化合物的任何成分,其可以对所述制剂赋予功能性(如药物释放速率控制)和/或非功能性(如加工助剂或稀释剂)。赋形剂的选择很大程度上取决于诸如具体给药方式、赋形剂对溶解度和稳定性的影响、以及剂型的性质等因素。示例性的赋形剂可以包括但不限于缓冲剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、湿润剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、不透明剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、增甜剂、芳香剂、调味剂、稀释剂和其它已知的添加剂中的一种或多种。
本发明化合物可以以任何便利的使用形式被施用,如片剂、粉末、胶囊、溶液、分散体、悬浮液、糖浆剂、喷雾剂、栓剂、凝胶剂、乳剂、贴剂等。此类组合物可以包含药物制剂中常规的组分,如稀释剂、载体、pH调节剂、增甜剂、填充剂和另外的活性剂。本发明的活性化合物也可以被配制成持续释放的剂型。
本发明化合物可以通过任何合适的方式施用,包括口服、局部(包括颊部和舌下)、直肠、阴道、透皮、肠胃外、皮下、腹膜内、肺内、皮肤内、鞘内和硬膜外以及鼻内,并且,如果需要用于局部治疗,病灶内施用。肠胃外输注包括肌肉内、静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、大脑内、眼内、病灶内或皮下施用。
对于病症如与糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病黄斑水肿相关的视网膜血管通透性疾病的治疗,本发明的化合物可以以适于注射到患者眼内部区域的形式,尤其是,以适于玻璃体内注射的形式施用。
本发明化合物术语“治疗有效的量”指引起患者生物学或医学反应的本发明化合物的量,所述反应为例如降低或抑制酶或蛋白活性或者改善症状、缓解病症、减慢或延迟疾病发展或者预防疾病等。在一个非限制性实施方案中,术语“治疗有效的量”指当给药于细胞或组织或非细胞性生物学物质或介质时,本发明化合物的量能够至少部分降低或抑制血浆激肽释放酶活性;或至少部分降低或抑制血浆激肽释放酶表达。化合物、药用组合物或结合的治疗有效剂量取决于患者的种属、体重、年龄和个体情况、疾病或病症或者需要治疗的严重性。被理解的是,本发明化合物和组合物总的每日用量将由主治医师在合理的医学判断范围内决定。
化合物经手工或者Chemdraw软件命名,市售化合物采用供应商目录名称。
与现有技术相比,本发明的主要优点在于:
提供了一系列结构新颖、活性好、选择性高的的四环类血浆激肽释放酶抑制剂化合物,可广泛用于涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性相关的疾病的预防或治疗。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。实施例(制备)中描述的化学反应可按照本领域熟知的方法制备本发明的其它化合物,并且用于制备本发明化合物的其他方法属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
步骤a):2-氨基-2-(羟基亚氨基)乙酸乙酯的制备
将水(110mL)缓慢加入氰基甲酸乙酯(30.0g,0.303mol)、盐酸羟胺(31.6g,0.455mol)和碳酸钠(80.3g,0.758mol)的乙醇(200mL)混合液中,加毕,反应液20℃搅拌反应10h,反应结束后减压蒸除溶剂,残余物以乙酸乙酯(200mL×3)萃取,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,得2-氨基-2-(羟基亚氨基)乙酸乙酯,收率65.0%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.66-9.12(m,1H),5.79-5.31(m,2H),4.07-3.97(m,2H),1.18-1.13(m,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):133.2[M+H]+。
步骤b):3-(((1-氨基-2-乙氧基-2-氧亚乙基)氨基)氧基)丙烯酸叔丁酯的制备
将2-氨基-2-(羟基亚氨基)乙酸乙酯(9.0g,68.120mmol)、丙炔酸叔丁酯(8.59g,68.120mmol)、三乙胺(10.4mL,74.932mmol)和乙醇(90mL)加入反应瓶中,35℃搅拌反应10h,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,残余物加水(150mL)稀释,用乙酸乙酯(150mL×3)萃取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,所得粗品经硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1),得3-(((1-氨基-2-乙氧基-2-氧亚乙基)氨基)氧基)丙烯酸叔丁酯,收率62.5%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.56(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.37(br s,2H),4.39(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.47(s,9H),1.42-1.37(m,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):297.2[M+K]+。
步骤c):1H-咪唑-2-甲酸乙酯-4-甲酸叔丁酯的制备
将3-(((1-氨基-2-乙氧基-2-氧亚乙基)氨基)氧基)丙烯酸叔丁酯(2.0g,7.744mmol)和二甲苯(15mL)加入反应瓶中,155℃微波反应3h,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=3/1),得黄色固体,收率89.2%,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85-7.57(m,1H),4.41-4.32(m,2H),1.51(d,J=2.4Hz,9H),1.38-1.32(m,3H)。步骤d):4-(叔丁基)2-乙基-1-((1-硝基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸的制备
将1H-咪唑-2-甲酸乙酯-4-甲酸叔丁酯(2.5g,10.405mmol)、2-(溴甲基)-1-硝基萘(3.6g,13.527mmol)、碳酸铯(10.17g,31.215mmol)和KI(172mg,1.040mmol)的DMF(50mL)溶液中,室温反应反应8h,反应结束后,反应液用冰水(100mL)稀释,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液(80mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,所得粗品经硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=4/1),得4-(叔丁基)2-乙基-1-((1-硝基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸,收率80.6%,ESI-MS(m/z):426.2[M+H]+。
步骤e):4-(叔丁基)-2-乙基-1-((1-氨基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸的制备
在25℃将锌粉(4.6g,70.520mmol)加入4-(叔丁基)2-乙基-1-((1-硝基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸(3.0g,7.052mmol)和氯化铵(3.8g,70.520mmol)的乙醇(40mL)混合液中,25℃继续搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得4-(叔丁基)-2-乙基-1-((1-氨基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸,收率57.0%,无需纯化直接用于下一步反应。
将4-(叔丁基)-2-乙基-1-((1-氨基萘-2-基)甲基)-1H-咪唑-2,4-二羧酸(1.5g,3.793mmol)、叔丁醇钾(553mg,4.931mmol)和DMF(25mL)加入反应瓶中,25℃搅拌反应2h,反应结束后,反应液在0℃用氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取,合并有机层,依次用水(30mL×2)、饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸干,得12-氧代-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸叔丁酯,粗品收率90.6%,无需纯化直接用于下一步反应,ESI-MS(m/z):350.2[M+H]+。
在0℃将BH3.THF(8.6mL,8.586mmol)滴加至12-氧代-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸叔丁酯(1.0g,2.862mmol)的四氢呋喃(20mL)溶液中,50℃反应4h,加甲醇(200mL)淬灭,减压浓缩,所得粗品经硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1/1),得12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸叔丁酯,收率86.3%;ESI-MS(m/z):336.2[M+H]+。
将12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸叔丁酯(800mg,2.385mmol)和8N盐酸(30mL)加入反应瓶中,升温至50℃反应2h,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,制备HPLC纯化,得12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸,收率59.0%;ESI-MS(m/z):280.2[M+H]+。
将12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸(100mg,0.358mmol)、5-(氨甲基)-4,6-二甲基吡啶-2-二胺二盐酸盐(80mg,0.358mmol)、HBTU(190mg,0.501mmol)、三乙胺(0.17mL,1.253mmol)和DMF(5mL)加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌反应3h,反应结束后,减压浓缩,残余物经制备HPLC纯化,得N-((6-氨基-2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺,收率36.9%;ESI-MS(m/z):413.3[M+H]+。
实施例2
将12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸(100mg,0.358mmol)、(4-(氨甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(127mg,0.537mmol)、HBTU(204mg,0.537mmol)、三乙胺(80mg,0.573mmol)和DMF(3mL)加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,反应液加水稀释,以乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机层,依次用水(10mL×2)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(10mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得浅黄色固体,无需纯化直接用于下一步反应;ESI-MS(m/z):498.3[M+H]+。
将(4-((12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(150mg,0.301mmol)和盐酸(5mL,6N)加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌反应1h,反应结束后,减压浓缩,所得粗品经制备型HPLC纯化,得N-(4-(氨甲基)苄基)-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺,收率34.8%;ESI-MS(m/z):398.2[M+H]+。
实施例3
操作过程同实施例1,只是将步骤i中的5-(氨甲基)-4,6-二甲基吡啶-2-二胺二盐酸盐用6-(氨甲基)异喹啉-1-胺替代,得N-((1-氨基异喹啉-6-基)甲基)-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺;ESI-MS(m/z):435.2[M+H]+。
实施例4
步骤a):7-甲氧基-1-((4-甲氧基苄基)氨基)异喹啉-6-甲腈的制备
将1-氯-7-甲氧基异喹啉-6-甲腈(900mg,4.116mmol)、4-甲氧基苄胺(2.26g,16.464mmol)和二氧六环(1mL)加入反应瓶中,氮气保护下升温至120℃反应12h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加入甲基叔丁基醚(15mL)搅拌30min,过滤,滤饼减压真空干燥,得7-甲氧基-1-((4-甲氧基苄基)氨基)异喹啉-6-甲腈,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07-8.03(m,2H),7.41(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.01(s,1H),6.98-6.94(m,3H),5.20(brs,1H),4.77(d,J=5.2Hz,2H),4.02(s,3H),3.85(s,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):320.1[M+H]+。
步骤b):6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基-N-(4-甲氧基苄基)异喹啉-1-胺的制备
将7-甲氧基-1-((4-甲氧基苄基)氨基)异喹啉-6-甲腈(1.40g,4.384mmol)和甲醇(40mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌溶解,加入氨水(40mL)和Raney-Ni(700mg),反应液在30℃通氢气(50psi)反应12h,反应结束后,过滤,滤饼适量甲醇洗涤,合并滤液,减压浓缩,得6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基-N-(4-甲氧基苄基)异喹啉-1-胺,ESI-MS(m/z):324.2[M+H]+。
步骤c):6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基异喹啉-1-胺的制备
将6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基-N-(4-甲氧基苄基)异喹啉-1-胺(200mg,0.618mmol)和三氟乙酸(3mL)加入反应瓶中,氮气保护下升温至50℃反应5h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,加水搅拌30min,以二氯甲烷(15mL×3)萃取,水层加入浓盐酸(3mL),减压浓缩除去大部分水,再加入适量甲苯共沸除水,得6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基异喹啉-1-胺,收率78.1%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.18(brs,2H),8.50(brs,2H),8.19(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.63(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.15(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.15(s,2H),4.02(s,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):204.1[M+H]+。
以12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸和6-(氨甲基)-7-甲氧基异喹啉-1-胺为原料,操作过程同实施例1中的步骤i,得N-((1-氨基-7-甲氧基异喹啉-6-基)甲基)-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺;ESI-MS(m/z):465.3[M+H]+。
实施例5
将12-氧代-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸叔丁酯(300mg,0.859mmol)和5N盐酸(0.7mL)加入反应瓶中,升温至50℃反应5h,反应结束后,减压蒸除溶剂,所得粗品直接用于下一步反应,收率89.6%;ESI-MS(m/z):294.1[M+H]+。
将12-氧代-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸(100mg,0.341mmol)、5-(氨甲基)-4,6-二甲基吡啶-2-二胺(57mg,0.375mmol)、HATU(195mg,0.512mmol)、三乙胺(0.1mL,0.682mmol)和DMF(3mL)加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,加乙酸乙酯(30mL)稀释,饱和氯化钠水溶液(10mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残余物经制备HPLC纯化,得N-((6-氨基-2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-12-氧代-12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺,收率44.2%;ESI-MS(m/z):427.2[M+H]+。
实施例6
将12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸(200mg,0.596mmol)、MnO2(518mg,5.963mmol)和二氯乙烷(6mL)加入反应瓶中,升温至68℃反应5h,反应结束后,过滤,减压浓缩,所得粗品采用制备型HPLC纯化,得7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸,收率49.8%;ESI-MS(m/z):278.1[M+H]+。
以12,13-二氢-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸和5-(氨甲基)-4,6-二甲基吡啶-2-二胺为原料,操作过程同实施例6中的步骤b,得N-((6-氨基-2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-7H-咪唑[1,2-a]萘[1,2-e][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺,收率20.9%;ESI-MS(m/z):411.2[M+H]+。
实施例7
以2-(溴甲基)-1-硝基萘和1H-吡咯-2,4-二甲酸乙酯为起始原料,其他操作过程同实施例1中的步骤d-g,得12,13-二氢-7H-萘[1,2-e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸乙酯;ESI-MS(m/z):307.2[M+H]+。
将LiOH.H2O(27mg,0.652mmol)的水溶液(1mL)加入12,13-二氢-7H-萘[1,2-e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸乙酯(100mg,0.326mmol)的甲醇(1mL)/四氢呋喃(1mL)溶液中,25℃反应12h,反应结束后,反应液冷冻干燥,所得固体以二氯甲烷/甲醇混合液(10mL,1:1)溶解,过滤除去不溶物,滤液减压浓缩,得12,13-二氢-7H-萘[1,2-e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸;ESI-MS(m/z):279.1[M+H]+。
以12,13-二氢-7H-萘[1,2-e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酸和5-(氨甲基)-4,6-二甲基吡啶-2-二胺为原料,操作过程同实施例1中的步骤i,得N-((6-氨基-2,4-二甲氧基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-12,13-二氢-7H-萘[1,2-e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂-10-甲酰胺;ESI-MS(m/z):412.3[M+H]+。
实施例8
N-((R)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(氨甲基)苄基)氨基)-1-氧代-3-苯丙基-2-基)氨基)-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)-1-氧丙基-2-基)苯甲酰胺的制备
步骤a):(R)-2-氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙酸盐酸盐的制备
将(R)-2-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙酸(2.0g,6.465mmol)置于反应瓶中,加入自制的盐酸二氧六环溶液(5.3M,50mL),室温反应3小时,过滤收集产生的白色固体,滤饼用二氧六环(20mL),石油醚(50mL),乙醚(10mL)洗涤,真空干燥得到白色固体产品,收率98.0%,ESI-MS(m/z):210.1[M+H]+。
步骤b):((苄氧)羰基)-D-苯丙氨酸的制备
将(R)-2-氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙酸盐酸盐(500mg,2.035mmol)和氢氧化钠(179mg,4.478mmol)加入反应瓶中,加水(15mL)搅拌溶解,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴加氯甲酸苄酯(382mg,2.239mmol)的二氧六环溶液(15mL),滴加完毕,室温搅拌反应过夜,反应结束后,蒸除溶剂,加水稀释(30mL),再加入乙醚(30mL)萃取,弃去有机相,水层用1N盐酸水溶液调节pH=3-4,以乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得((苄氧)羰基)-D-苯丙氨酸,收率99.0%,ESI-MS(m/z):300.1[M+H]+。
步骤c):(S)-(1-((4-(((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基)-1-氧-3-苯丙基-2-基)氨基甲酸苄酯的制备
将((苄氧基)羰基)-L-苯丙氨酸(1.39g,4.655mmol)、(4-(氨甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.0g,4.232mmol)、HATU(3.22g,8.464mmol)、三乙胺(1.77mL,12.696mmol)和干燥二氯甲烷(30mL)加入反应瓶中,氮气保护下室温搅拌反应4h,反应结束后,向反应液中加入二氯甲烷(50mL)和饱和氯化铵水溶液(100mL)萃取,水层再以二氯甲烷(50mL)萃取,合并有机层,依次用饱和碳酸钾水溶液(100mL)和饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,所得粗品分散到石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液(v/v=8:1,25mL)中,搅拌25min,抽滤,滤饼以相应的混合液洗涤,40℃减压真空干燥,得类白色固体,收率97.0%;ESI-MS(m/z):518.3[M+H]+。
步骤d):(S)-(4-((2-氨基-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯的制备
将(S)-(1-((4-(((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基)-1-氧-3-苯丙基-2-基)氨基甲酸苄酯(2.0g,3.864mmol)和甲醇(150mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌混匀,加入Pd/C(400mg),通氢气室温搅拌反应24h,反应结束后,过滤,滤饼用甲醇(100mL)洗涤,合并滤液,减压浓缩,得类白色固体,收率92.0%,ESI-MS(m/z):384.3[M+H]+。
步骤e):(4-((5R,8S)-8-苄基-5-(4-乙氧基苄基)-3,6,9-三氧代-1-苯基-2-氧-4,7,10-三氮十一烷-11-基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯的制备
将((苄氧)羰基)-D-苯丙氨酸(257mg,0.860mmol)、(S)-(4-((2-氨基-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(300mg,0.782mmol)、HATU(595mg,1.564mmol)、三乙胺(237mg,2.346mmol)和二氯甲烷加入反应瓶中(10mL)中,室温反应过夜,反应结束后,向反应液中加入二氯甲烷(100mL)稀释,依次用1N盐酸水溶液(100mL)、饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,所得粗品以石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂(9:1,v/v,50mL)打浆,过滤,减压真空干燥得类白色的固体,收率90.5%;ESI-MS(m/z):709.4[M+H]+。
步骤f):(4-(((S)-2-((R)-2-氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙氨基)-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯的制备
将(4-((5R,8S)-8-苄基-5-(4-乙氧基苄基)-3,6,9-三氧代-1-苯基-2-氧-4,7,10-三氮十一烷-11-基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(500mg,0.705mmol)和甲醇(70mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌溶解,加入Pd/C(100mg),通氢气室温反应4小时,过滤,滤饼用甲醇(50mL)洗涤,合并滤液,减压浓缩,得白色固体,收率89.1%;ESI-MS(m/z):575.4[M+H]+。
步骤g):(4-(((S)-2-((R)-2-苯甲酰氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙氨基)-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯的制备
将(4-(((S)-2-((R)-2-氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙氨基)-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(361mg,0.628mmol)、三乙胺(191mg,1.884mmol)和二氯甲烷(20mL)加入反应瓶中,搅拌混匀,缓慢滴加苯甲酰氯(106mg,0.754mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液(2mL)中,室温反应6小时,加入二氯甲烷(80mL)稀释,依次用饱和氯化铵(100mL)、饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩至5mL,冷却,过滤析出的固体,滤饼用适量乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压真空干燥,得白色固体,收率57.1%;ESI-MS(m/z):679.4[M+H]+。步骤h):N-((R)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(氨甲基)苄基)氨基)-1-氧代-3-苯丙基-2-基)氨基)-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)-1-氧代丙基-2-基)苯甲酰胺的制备
将(4-(((S)-2-((R)-2-苯甲酰氨基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)丙氨基)-3-苯丙氨基)甲基)苄基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(100mg,0.158mmol)和盐酸二氧六环溶液(3mL)加入反应瓶中,室温搅拌反应1.5h,反应结束后,减压蒸干,残余物加乙醇(2mL)超声粉碎打浆,抽滤,滤饼以少量乙醇洗涤,40℃减压真空干燥,得白色固体,收率83.0%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),8.59(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.50(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.29(s,3H),7.81-7.65(m,2H),7.51(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.46-7.33(m,4H),7.30-7.08(m,8H),6.76(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.69-4.53(m,2H),4.40-4.21(m,2H),4.04-3.85(m,4H),3.06(dd,J1=13.6Hz,J2=4.8Hz,1H),2.83(dd,J1=13.6,J2=10.0Hz,1H),2.69(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.27(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):579.3[M+H]+。
生物活性测试
1.人血浆激肽释放酶(Human PK)抑制活性测定
采用Johansen等(Johansen el al.,Int.J.Tiss.Reac.1986,8,185)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为10mM PBS,1mM EDTA,0.1%BSA,pH=7.4。向384微孔板中依次加入0.4nM人血浆激肽释放酶(商购自Enzyme Research Laboratories)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL加反应底物N-Benzoyl-pro-phe-Arg-p-Nitroanilide(商购自sigma)(500μM)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式测定405nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。并如下评定实施例中化合物对人血浆激肽释放酶抑制IC50:+(100~500nM)、++(50~100nM)、+++(10~50nM)、++++(<10nM),测试结果如表1所示:
表1
2.人凝血酶(thrombin)抑制活性测定
采用H.C.Hemker等(Handbook of Synthetic Substrates)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为50mM Tris-HCl,pH=8.3,130mM NaCl,0.5%BSA。向384微孔板中依次加入0.2nM人凝血酶(商购自Enzyme Research Laboratories)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃毕孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL 75μM反应底物BOC-Val-Pro-AFC(商购自sigma)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式于380nm激发波长,500nm发射波长处测定各孔的荧光值,与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组荧光值/空白组荧光值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。
3.胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)抑制活性测定
采用H.C.Hemker等(Handbook of Synthetic Substrates)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为200mM Tris-HCl,20mM CaCl2,pH=7.8。向384微孔板中依次加入12.5nM胰蛋白酶(商购自Biovision)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL 200μM L-BAPA(商购自sigma)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式测定405nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。
4.人凝血因子XIa(Factor XIa)抑制活性测定
采用H.C.Hemker等(Handbook of Synthetic Substrates)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为0.05M Tris/HCl,0.15M NaCl,BSA(0.1mg/ml),pH=8.0。向384微孔板中依次加入15nM人凝血因子XIa(商购自Enzyme Research Laboratories)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL 400μM反应底物N-Benzoyl-pro-phe-Arg-p-Nitroanilide(商购自sigma)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式测定405nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。
5.人凝血因子Xa(Factor Xa)抑制活性测定
采用H.C.Hemker等(Handbook of Synthetic Substrates)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为0.05M Tris,0.1M NaCl,pH=7.4。向384微孔板中依次加入3nM人凝血因子Xa(商购自Enzyme Research Laboratories)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL 400μM反应底物N-Benzoyl-Val-Gly-Arg p-nitroanilidehydrochloride(商购自Sigma)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式测定405nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。
6.人血纤维蛋白溶酶(plasmin)抑制活性测定
采用H.C.Hemker等(Handbook of Synthetic Substrates)报道的方法,并做出部分改进,反应液为0.05M Tris/HC1,0.13M NaCl,BSA(5mg/ml),pH=8.3。向384微孔板中依次加入2nM人血纤维蛋白溶酶(商购自Enzyme Research Laboratories)10μL,待测化合物溶液5μL,加毕混匀后,37℃孵育15min,向各孔加入5μL 1.2mM反应底物Tosyl-Gly-Pro-Lys-4-nitranilide(商购自Sigma)显色,用酶标仪动力学模式测定405nm处各孔的光密度(OD值),与不加待测样品的空白孔比较,计算化合物对酶的抑制率[抑制率=(1-样品组OD值/空白组OD值)x100%],在Prism GraphPad中用四参数模式计算IC50值;每个化合物每次测定2个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。
上述人凝血酶、胰蛋白酶、人凝血因子XIa、人凝血因子Xa、人血纤维蛋白溶酶抑制活性测试数据如表2:
表2
Claims (24)
1.一种式(I)所示的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药:
式中,A选自5元或6元芳环或芳杂环,所述芳杂环含有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,所述芳环或芳杂环任选地被下述取代基取代:卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、OH、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
或者A选自稠合的6,5-或6,6-芳杂双环,所述芳杂双环含有N和任选的另外1-2个独立地选自N、O和S的杂原子,所述芳杂双环任选地被下述取代基取代:卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、OH、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
L1选自(CR3R4)m,其中m为0、1、2;
X1为CR5或N,其中R5选自H、OH、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、环烷基、CN、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2;
-C-D-选自-NH-CH2-、-N=CH-、-NCH3-CH2-、-NHCO-、-CH=CH-或-CH2-CH2-;
R1和R2独立地选自H和烷基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基;
R3和R4独立地选自H和烷基,或者R3和R4与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,R8为NH2或者C(R1)(R2)NH2,其中R1和R2独立地选自H和C1-3的烷基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,R8为NH2。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,R8为CH2NH2。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,R6、R7、R9、R10独立地选自H、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,R6、R7、R9、R10独立地选自H、卤素或者CH3。
9.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,A选自异喹啉,其中异喹啉任选地被卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、COOR1、CONR1R2、NR1R2、NR1COR2、(CH2)1-3NR1R2、(CH2)1-3OR1和-C(R1)(R2)NH2取代;
R1和R2独立地选自H和烷基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳一起形成环烷基。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,A选自异喹啉,其中异喹啉任选地被卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和氨基取代。
12.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,L1选自键、CH2、(CH2)2O。
13.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,L1选自CH2。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,X1为CR5,其中R5选自H、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基和(CH2)1-3OR1。
15.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,X1为CR5,其中R5选自H、CH3、CF3、CH2OCH3。
16.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,其特征在于,-C-D-选自-NH-CH2-、-N=CH-和-CH=CH-。
18.一种药物组合物,其特征在于包含权利要求1-17中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药,和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
19.如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于预防或治疗涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性相关的疾病。
20.根据权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于所述涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为炎症。
21.根据权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于所述涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病选自视力受损、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病黄斑水肿、遗传性血管性水肿、糖尿病、胰腺炎、脑出血、肾病、心肌病、神经病、炎性肠病、关节炎、感染性休克、低血压、癌症、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、弥散性血管内凝血、心肺旁路手术和外科手术后出血。
22.根据权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于所述涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病是与糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病黄斑水肿相关的视网膜血管通透性疾病。
23.如权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于所述涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为糖尿病黄斑水肿。
24.如权利要求19所述的用途,其特征在于所述涉及血浆激肽释放酶活性的疾病为遗传性血管水肿。
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