CN113003731B - Ecological -based aquatic organism habitat restoration method - Google Patents

Ecological -based aquatic organism habitat restoration method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113003731B
CN113003731B CN202110273745.5A CN202110273745A CN113003731B CN 113003731 B CN113003731 B CN 113003731B CN 202110273745 A CN202110273745 A CN 202110273745A CN 113003731 B CN113003731 B CN 113003731B
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ecology
carrier
module
limiting
submerged plant
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CN113003731A (en
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彭成荣
李敦海
毕永红
汪志聪
李根保
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an aquatic organism habitat restoration method based on ecology , which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a region with a flat water body base to be restored, and building an ecology by using logs, stone bars or cement piles, wherein block stones are piled at the bottom of the ecology ; (2) 4-5 structures are selected from the ecology to install limiting piles, and limiting ropes are arranged on the limiting piles; (3) a hygrophyte module is formed by configuring hygrophytes on the hygrophyte carrier and is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope; (4) submerged plants are configured on the submerged plant carrier to form a submerged plant module, the module is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope, and a biological membrane carrier is fixed below the submerged plant carrier. The method is characterized in that a hygrophyte module, a submerged plant module and a biomembrane carrier are configured on the basis of ecology , a habitat environment is provided for aquatic organisms such as fishes, aquatic plants, attached algae, zooplankton, benthonic animals and the like, and the overall restoration of biodiversity and biological integrity is realized through the restoration of a habitat.

Description

Ecological -based aquatic organism habitat restoration method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic organism habitat restoration, and particularly relates to an aquatic organism habitat restoration method based on ecology , which is suitable for quickly constructing and restoring aquatic organism habitats in various water bodies (such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and the like).
Background
In recent years, the concern for the conservation of aquatic organism diversity has increased dramatically throughout the world, and more scholars and environmental managers recognize the irreplaceability of aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystem, but the global aquatic organism diversity is still losing at an accelerated rate. From the viewpoint of protecting biology, the most effective method for protecting the diversity of aquatic organisms is to protect the habitat of the aquatic organisms. However, in most damaged aquatic ecosystems, the preservation of aquatic habitat cannot effectively alleviate the loss of aquatic diversity, mainly because the destruction of aquatic habitat by human activity is mainly manifested by three aspects of environmental loss, habitat disruption and habitat degradation, and the aquatic habitat preservation can only alleviate the influence of habitat disruption and habitat degradation. Therefore, a method for restoring aquatic habitat is urgently needed in the aspect of aquatic diversity protection.
Water ecosystem restoration is a common problem faced by most developing countries in the world, and the existing restoration technology and method are mainly based on water quality target regulation and management, and neglect biodiversity and integrity of water ecosystem. A healthy water ecosystem is necessarily composed of both biotic and abiotic factors, with biotic factors being highly habitat dependent. Therefore, a method for restoring aquatic habitat is also needed in aquatic ecosystem restoration.
the Chinese language refers to the use of firewood in water to catch fish, which indicates that ancient Chinese people find that fish like to gather around the firewood in water, i.e. the firewood in water provides a suitable habitat for fish. Therefore, we define ecology as: natural or artificial objects artificially placed in a water body for the construction and restoration of various aquatic habitat. The ecological is used for restoring the habitat of various aquatic organisms, and can provide a suitable habitat for various aquatic organisms such as fishes, attached algae, zooplankton, benthonic animals and the like in a short period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing water ecological restoration technology and the requirement of aquatic organism diversity protection, the invention aims to provide an aquatic organism habitat restoration method based on ecology , which has low construction cost, does not need long-term maintenance, gives consideration to various aquatic organism habitat requirements and can realize organic unification of landscape and functions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aquatic organism habitat restoration method based on ecology comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a flat area for repairing a water body substrate, constructing ecology by using logs, stone bars or cement piles, wherein the distance between structures is 2-3m, the depth of the lower end of the structures inserted into the substrate is more than 1m, the upper end of the structures is 0.5-1m lower than the normal water level, and the bottom of the ecology is stacked with lump stones;
(2) 4-5 structures are selected from the ecology to install limiting piles, and limiting ropes are arranged on the limiting piles;
(3) configuring a hygrophyte on the hygrophyte carrier to form a hygrophyte module, wherein the module is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope;
(4) submerged plants are configured on the submerged plant carrier to form a submerged plant module, the module is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope, a biological membrane carrier is fixed below the submerged plant carrier, and a balance weight is hung at the lower end of the biological membrane carrier.
Further, if the annual average wind speed of the target area of the water body to be restored is larger than 3m/s, a wave dissipation wall is constructed, the height of the wave dissipation wall is 0.5-1m lower than the water depth of the target area, and the distance between the wave dissipation wall and the ecology 2-3 m.
Preferably, the inner spatial or adjacent area of the ecology has a thickness of 5-10m2The water surface is empty.
Preferably, the hygrophytes include one or more of Canna indica (Canna indica), Gracilaria piniperi (Cyperus involveatus), Lolium perenne (Lolium perenne), Iris pseudacorus (Iris pseudoacacia), Acorus calamus (Acorus calamus), Oenanthe javanica (Oenanthe javanica), Nymphaea tetragona (Nymphaea tetragona), and Ipomoea aquatica.
Preferably, the submerged plant comprises one or more of eel grass (Vallisneria natrans), curly pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), Cremastra major (Najas marina), Cremastra minor (Najas minor), Potamogeton gracilis (Potamogeton wrightii), Potamoxifen maackianus, Ricinus communis (Stuckenia pictae).
The existing water ecological restoration technology and method are mainly based on water quality target regulation and management, and relate to biological diversity and ecological system integrity targets less. The invention is based on ecology to configure a hygrophyte carrier, a submerged plant carrier and a biomembrane carrier, provides a habitat for aquatic organisms such as fishes, aquatic plants, attached algae, zooplankton, benthonic animals and the like, and realizes the overall restoration of biodiversity and biological integrity through the restoration of the habitat.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. can realize the rapid restoration of the habitats of various aquatic organisms such as fish, aquatic plants, attached algae, zooplankton, benthonic animals and the like.
2. Can better realize the goal of restoring biological diversity and the integrity of an ecological system.
3. Simple and convenient configuration, low operation and maintenance cost and lasting effect.
4. The method can be applied in various scenes and has strong universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ecological -based aquatic habitat restoration method
Wherein, the device comprises 1-wave dissipating wall, 2-hygrophyte, 3-hygrophyte carrier, 4-limiting rope, 5-limiting pile, 6-submerged plant, 7-submerged plant carrier, 8-ecology , 9-biomembrane carrier, 10-biomembrane carrier counterweight and 11-rock block.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
an aquatic organism habitat restoration method based on ecology comprises the following steps:
1. when the annual average wind speed of a target area of a water body to be restored is more than 3m/s, broken stones, steel wire gabions and the like are adopted to construct the wave dissipating wall, the height of the wave dissipating wall is 0.5-1m lower than the depth of water of the target area, and the distance between the wave dissipating wall and the ecology 2-3 m.
2. The area with the relatively flat base of the target area is selected and the ecology is constructed from logs (alternatively, battens or cement piles). The logs are randomly distributed, the depth of the lower end of the log inserted into the substrate is more than 1m, the upper end of the log is slightly lower than the normal water level by 0.5-1m, the pitch of the logs is 2-3m, and the internal space area or the adjacent area of the ecology is ensured to be 5-10m2The water surface is empty. The lump stones are piled under the log, the grain diameter of the lump stones is 0.2-0.3m, and the piling thickness is 0.3-0.6 m.
3. 4-5 logs in the ecology are selected to be installed with limiting piles, and each limiting pile is provided with 2 limiting ropes. The limiting piles are 1-2m lower than the upper ends of the logs. The limiting rope is a nylon rope with the diameter of 5mm, the length of the limiting rope connected with the wetland plant carrier module is 3-4m, and the length of the limiting rope connected with the submerged plant carrier module is 1-2 m.
4. The wet plant carrier is provided with wet plants to form a wet plant module, the wet plant module is connected to the log through a limiting rope, and the relative position of the wet plant module is automatically adjusted by means of the buoyancy of the wet plant module and the length of the limiting rope. The carrier of the wet plant can be polyethylene foam board with density of 7-8 holes/m2The planting hole is in an inverted cylindrical shape, the diameter of the upper end of the planting hole is 30-35cm, and the diameter of the lower end of the planting hole is 10-15 cm. Selecting Canna indica and Cype piniperca (Canna indica) from hygrophyterus involveratus) was prepared for plaque formation, with a canna and plantain plant ratio of about 1: 2.
5. The submerged plant carrier is provided with submerged plants to form a submerged plant module, the submerged plant module is connected to the log through a limiting rope, and the relative position of the submerged plant module is controlled by the gravity of the submerged plant module and the length of the limiting rope. The carrier of submerged plant can be polyethylene glycol terephthalate with density of 7-8 pores/m2The planting hole is in an inverted cylindrical shape, the diameter of the upper end of the planting hole is 30-35cm, and the diameter of the lower end of the planting hole is 10-15 cm. The submerged plant is prepared by alternating herba Sonchi Oleracei (Vallisneria natans) and water caltrop (Potamogeton crispus) at a ratio of about 3: 1.
6. And a plurality of biomembrane carriers are fixed below the submerged plant carrier. The biofilm carrier is selected from biological fillers with larger specific surface area, such as rope type polyethylene brushes, artificial simulated aquatic weeds and the like. The length of a single biomembrane carrier is 0.5-1m, and the distribution density of the biomembrane carriers is 8-12 per m2. And small stone weights are hung at the lower end of the biological membrane carrier to ensure the vertical distribution state of the biological membrane carrier.
When the method is adopted to restore the aquatic habitat, the hygrophyte module and the submerged plant module mainly restore the aquatic plant community, the biomembrane carrier mainly provides an ideal substrate for the attachment of the biomembrane and the attached algae, the rock block mainly provides diversified habitat for the fish, and after the aquatic plant community, the biomembrane and the attached algae are established, the aquatic plant community, the biomembrane and the attached algae can provide a food-seeking, refuge and young-raising place for aquatic animal communities such as the fish, the zooplankton, the benthonic animal and the like, meanwhile, the rapid restoration of various aquatic organism habitats such as the fish, the aquatic plant, the attached algae, the zooplankton, the benthonic animal and the like is realized, and the biological diversity and ecological system integrity restoration targets can be better realized.
When the transparency of the water body is lower than 1.5m all the year round, the submerged plant module can be cancelled because the submerged plant can not obtain enough light for photosynthesis, the survival rate is low, and the restoration effect can not be guaranteed. Biofilm carriers are secured beneath the hygrophyte modules to restore the habitat for attached algae and zooplankton.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments, or alternatives may be employed, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. An aquatic habitat restoration method based on ecology , which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a region for repairing the water body base to construct an ecology by using logs, stone bars or cement piles, wherein the distance between structures is 2-3m, the depth of the lower end of the structure inserted into the base is more than 1m, the upper end of the structure is 0.5-1m lower than the normal water level, and the bottom of the ecology is stacked with lump stones, the grain size of the lump stones is 0.2-0.3m, and the stacking thickness is 0.3-0.6 m; if the annual average wind speed of the target area of the water body to be restored is greater than 3m/s, constructing a wave dissipation wall, wherein the height of the wave dissipation wall is 0.5-1m lower than the water depth of the target area, and the distance between the wave dissipation wall and the ecology 2-3 m;
(2) 4-5 structures are selected from the ecology to install limiting piles, and limiting ropes are arranged on the limiting piles;
(3) a hygrophyte module is formed by configuring hygrophytes on the hygrophyte carrier and is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope;
(4) submerged plants are configured on the submerged plant carrier to form a submerged plant module, the module is fixed on the ecology through a limiting rope, a biological membrane carrier is fixed below the submerged plant carrier, and a balance weight is hung at the lower end of the biological membrane carrier.
2. The ecological -based aquatic habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein the internal spatial region or the adjacent region of the ecological has a size of 5-10m2The water surface is empty.
3. The ecological -based aquatic habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein the hygrophytes include canna indica (A), (B), (C) and C)Canna indica) Pinwheel grass(Cyperus involucratus) Lolium perenne (Lolium perenne)Lolium perenne) Yellow flag rhizome (1)Iris pseudacorus) Rhizoma Acori Graminei (or rhizoma Acori Graminei)Acorus calamus) Oenanthe stolonifera (Oenanthe stolonifera)Oenanthe javanica) Water lily (a)Nymphaea tetragona) Water spinach (A. cabbages)Ipomoea aquatica) One or more of (a).
4. The ecological -based aquatic habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein the submerged plants comprise tape grass (tape grass: (L) (L))Vallisneria natans) Curly pondweed herb (curly pondweed herb)Potamogeton crispus) The algae of large arrowhead (1)Najas marina) Small arrowroot algae (1)Najas minor) Herba Phyllostachydis Henonis (herba Lysimachiae Grammicae) (herba Lysimachiae Grammicae)Potamogeton wrightii) Micro-herba Eichhorniae (herba Eichhorniae) (III)Potamogeton maackianus) Herba Equiseti Ramosissimi (semen Ricini)Stuckenia pectinate) One or more of (a).
CN202110273745.5A 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 Ecological -based aquatic organism habitat restoration method Active CN113003731B (en)

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KR101528504B1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2015-06-12 한국건설기술연구원 Ecology pool capable of observing and inhabiting fish
CN105439289B (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-08-25 郑州大学 A kind of micro- polluted river water ecological restoration device
CN107746112A (en) * 2017-09-18 2018-03-02 长江大学 Stereoscopic water Ecosystem restoration system
CN111995060A (en) * 2020-09-08 2020-11-27 浙江世润建创科技发展有限公司 Ecological floating island for purifying and restoring river water body and construction method thereof

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