CN112998029A - Functional agricultural composition containing lecithin - Google Patents
Functional agricultural composition containing lecithin Download PDFInfo
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- CN112998029A CN112998029A CN202110297225.8A CN202110297225A CN112998029A CN 112998029 A CN112998029 A CN 112998029A CN 202110297225 A CN202110297225 A CN 202110297225A CN 112998029 A CN112998029 A CN 112998029A
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- chitosan oligosaccharide
- lecithin
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- agricultural composition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
Abstract
The invention provides a functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, which comprises an active component A, an active component B and an auxiliary component C, wherein the active component A is the lecithin, the active component B is one or the combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the auxiliary component C is the compound of a speckle rhizopus chinensis whole plant extract and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The tests of the inventor prove that the active components have a certain synergistic effect when used in a compounding way, and the composition is applied to crops such as rice, wheat, watermelons, apples and the like in a certain proportion range, has the functions of promoting plant growth, improving stress resistance of the crops and increasing economic yield, and can prevent and control crop diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural compositions, relates to a functional agricultural composition, and particularly relates to a functional agricultural composition containing lecithin.
Background
Under the condition of low temperature or drought, the crops can be in the condition of life stagnation or death, and the yield and the economic benefit are seriously influenced. For example, rice can stop growing at low temperatures, resulting in seedling damage and dysplasia; the low temperature can lead wheat lipid to be overoxidized, the plasma membrane structure is damaged to cause the reduction of photosynthesis efficiency, the obstruction of energy generation and substance synthesis, and meanwhile, in order to maintain normal metabolic activity, the respiration of plants is enhanced, the energy consumption is increased, the normal growth and development of wheat can be seriously inhibited, and even the death of the plants is caused. The low-temperature freezing injury and the high-temperature drought are common natural disasters in agricultural production and seriously affect the normal growth and development and the economic yield of crops, so that an agricultural pharmaceutical composition capable of improving the stress resistance of the crops and increasing the economic yield of the crops is urgently needed.
Lecithin (also known as Lecithin), which is also called Lecithin, is a "third nutrient" juxtaposed to proteins and vitamins. Is a natural surfactant, comprises choline Phospholipid (PC), ethanolamine Phospholipid (PE), inositol Phospholipid (PI), serine Phospholipid (PS) and the like, is mainly present in animal and plant cells, and is a main component forming a biological membrane.
The chitosan oligosaccharide is called chitosan oligosaccharide and oligomeric chitosan, and is an oligosaccharide product with the polymerization degree of 2-20 obtained by degrading chitosan through a special biological enzyme technology. The molecular weight is less than or equal to 3200Da, and the water-soluble chitosan/chitosan composite material has the characteristics of good water solubility, large functional effect and high biological activity. The research proves that the chitosan oligosaccharide is applied to the fields of medicine, food and the like, can improve the immunity of human bodies, inhibit the growth of cancer cells, promote the formation of liver and spleen antibodies and promote the absorption of calcium and mineral substances.
The acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is a product obtained by acetylating chitosan oligosaccharide through three methods of chemical, physical and enzymatic degradation, and has more excellent chemical properties than chitosan oligosaccharide, so the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is widely applied to the fields of food, medicine and the like.
The natural product chitosan oligosaccharide has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, is nontoxic to people and livestock, and can induce plants to generate disease resistance, so that the chitosan oligosaccharide can be developed into a safe and efficient novel biological pesticide. At present, the compound use of chitosan oligosaccharide and other pesticide active components is also recorded more. For example, patent CN201310399449.5 discloses a pesticide composition containing chitosan oligosaccharide, an insecticide and use thereof, the patent mixes chitosan oligosaccharide with other bactericidal active components and insecticidal active components to prepare the bactericide and the insecticide, which not only has synergistic effect, but also can improve the stress resistance of crops and increase the crop yield. Patent CN201110125705.2 discloses a bactericide pesticide composition containing chitosan oligosaccharide, which is prepared by mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with other bactericides, and can reduce the usage amount of the bactericides, overcome or delay the drug resistance of the bactericides and improve the stress resistance and yield of crops.
In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide is also reported to improve stress resistance of crops at low temperature. For example, Yi Yajie et al studied the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on the growth and stress resistance of rice seedlings, and found that when proper chitosan oligosaccharide is applied at low temperature, the relative conductivity of rice leaves is significantly reduced, which is equal to that of a normal condition control group, and simultaneously, the content of malondialdehyde is also reduced, which indicates that the chitosan oligosaccharide can reduce the damage of low temperature to plants (see: Yi Yajie et al, the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on the growth and stress resistance of rice seedlings [ J ]. journal of biology, 2021, 38 (01): 77-80.). For another example, Wangmeng et al studied the protection of wheat seedlings under low temperature stress and the influence of related metabolites, and the results showed that chitosan oligosaccharide has the function of enhancing the cold resistance of wheat (see: Wangmeng et al. the protection of wheat seedlings under low temperature stress and the influence of related metabolites by chitosan oligosaccharide [ J ]. Messaging, 2016, 36 (05): 653-.
The research of the inventor finds that the chitosan oligosaccharide and the lecithin are compounded for use, so that the compound has a remarkable functional effect, and the stress resistance and the economic yield of crops can be effectively improved. And the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is used as an acetyl derivative of the chitosan oligosaccharide, has more excellent chemical properties, and the invention obtains unexpected effects by compounding lecithin and one or two of the chitosan oligosaccharide and the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide. And the composition is not found in the known literature, it is difficult for one of ordinary skill in the art to know what beneficial effects the composition would produce when applied to crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of economic yield reduction caused by the stagnation or death of crops due to natural disasters such as low-temperature freezing damage, high-temperature drought and the like, and provides a functional composition capable of improving stress resistance and economic yield of crops.
In view of the above objects, the present invention provides a functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, which comprises an active component a and an active component B, wherein the active component a is lecithin, and the active component B is one or a combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide.
One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the combined use or combination of multiple pesticides is one of the leading trends in the agrochemical market in order to improve the efficacy of agricultural compositions and avoid the development of resistance to plants by repeated application of pesticides, but it is unpredictable whether synergistic effects can be produced between the active ingredients of the pesticides in the case where the mechanism and mechanism of each component in the agricultural composition are unknown. The tests of the inventor prove that the composition shows a synergistic effect in a certain proportioning range.
Further, in the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the lecithin to the chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 30: 1-1: 50; preferably, the mass ratio of the lecithin to the chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 10: 1-1: 10.
Further, in the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the lecithin to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 20: 1-1: 15; preferably, the mass ratio of the lecithin to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 10: 1-1: 1.
Further, in the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is a combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the active component A to the active component B in the composition is 15: 1-1: 20; preferably, the mass ratio of the active component A to the active component B in the composition is 5: 1-1: 5.
Further, the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide and the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the active component B is 1: 20-5: 1; preferably, the mass ratio is 1: 5-1: 1.
In order to fully exert the drug effect of the active components, an auxiliary component C is also added into the composition, and the auxiliary component C is a compound of the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus chinensis and gamma-aminobutyric acid; the mass ratio of the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus chinensis to the gamma-aminobutyric acid is 6: 1.
Wherein, the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus chinensis is water extract of the speckle rhizopus chinensis, and the specific preparation method is described in detail in patent CN 105230680A. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) belongs to a non-protein source amino acid, is a novel functional factor, is widely present in crops such as grains, beans, wheat and the like, and has the functions of reducing blood pressure, improving sleep quality, relieving diabetes, regulating various physiological information in cells and the like.
Further, the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin provided by the invention comprises the auxiliary component C10-20 parts by mass per 100 parts of the composition.
According to the actual application requirement, the composition can be prepared into one of dosage forms such as an aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspending agent, wettable powder, water dispersible granules and the like according to a method known by a person skilled in the art. The functional composition also contains an auxiliary agent required by pesticide preparation, and the auxiliary agent can be one or a mixture of more of solvent, emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting agent, stabilizer, dispersant, thickener, pH regulator, defoamer, antifreeze, filler and the like. The adjuvants of the present invention may be known substances, such as various adjuvants commonly used in pesticide preparations, and may be varied according to circumstances, and are not particularly limited.
The invention also provides application of the functional agricultural composition in the aspects of promoting plant growth, improving crop stress resistance, increasing crop yield and preventing and treating crop diseases. As mentioned above, within a proper dosage proportion range, the composition can effectively improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of crops such as wheat, rice, watermelon, apple and the like, improve the economic yield and prevent and treat diseases. The functional agricultural composition and the preparation thereof have various application modes, the invention is not particularly limited, and one or a combination of various application modes such as spraying, root irrigation, root soaking, seed soaking, broadcasting, furrow application, hole application and the like can be adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the invention provides a functional agricultural composition containing lecithin, which comprises an active component A, an active component B and an auxiliary component C, wherein the active component A is the lecithin, the active component B is one or the combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the auxiliary component C is the compound of a speckle rhizopus chinensis whole plant extract and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The tests of the inventor prove that the active components have a certain synergistic effect when used in a compounding manner, the composition is applied to crops such as rice, wheat, watermelons, apples and the like in a certain proportion range, and not only has the functions of promoting plant growth, improving stress resistance of the crops and increasing economic yield, but also has a certain bactericidal effect and the function of preventing and treating diseases of the crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Formulation example 1
This example provides for the preparation of a 30% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide suspension.
The suspending agent comprises, by mass, 15 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 12 parts of extract of the whole plant of rhizopus bambusicola, 2 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5 parts of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 parts of lignosulfonate, 20 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.5 part of butanol, 0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol and 26.7 parts of sterile water per 100 parts of the suspending agent.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide, the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizoma bambusae, gamma-aminobutyric acid, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, lignosulfonate, butanol and polyvinyl alcohol into a grinding kettle, grinding to a certain fineness, transferring the materials into a stirring kettle, adding the rest dibutyl phthalate and sterile water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the 30% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent.
Formulation example 2
This example provides the preparation of 45% lecithin/chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules.
Every 100 parts of lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules comprise 30 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15 parts of extract of the whole plant of the rhizopus bambusicola, 2.5 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 2 parts of lignosulfonate, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5 parts of sodium sulfate, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol and 22.5 parts of kaolin by mass.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, then crushing the materials by a jet mill, sieving the materials by a 600-mesh standard sieve, adding the materials into a kneading machine to be kneaded into plastic materials, finally putting the plastic materials into an extrusion granulator to be extruded and granulated, and drying and sieving the granules to obtain the 45% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granule.
Formulation example 3
This example provides the preparation of a 30% lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspension.
Every 100 parts of lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent comprises, by mass, 25 parts of lecithin, 5 parts of acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, 10.2 parts of extract of the whole plant of rhizopus bambusicola, 1.7 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5 parts of calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2.6 parts of polycarboxylate, 16 parts of dimethyl phthalate, 0.5 part of octanol, 0.6 part of white carbon black and 33.4 parts of sterile water.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding lecithin, acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, a speckle rhizoma bambusae seven whole plant extract, gamma-aminobutyric acid, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, polycarboxylate, octanol and white carbon black into a frosted kettle, grinding to a certain fineness, transferring the materials into a stirring kettle, adding the rest dimethyl phthalate and sterile water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the 30% lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent.
Formulation example 4
This example provides the preparation of 45% lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules.
Every 100 parts of lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules comprise, by mass, 30 parts of lecithin, 15 parts of acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, 16.8 parts of extract of the whole schizophyllum pratense, 2.8 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 3 parts of polycarboxylate, 2.5 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.8 part of ammonium sulfate, 1.8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 27.3 parts of kaolin.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, then crushing the materials by a jet mill, sieving the materials by a 600-mesh standard sieve, adding the materials into a kneading machine to be kneaded into plastic materials, finally putting the plastic materials into an extrusion granulator to be extruded and granulated, and drying and sieving the granules to obtain the 45% lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granule.
Formulation example 5
This example provides the preparation of a 30% lecithin-chito-oligosaccharide-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharide suspension.
The lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent comprises, by mass, 15 parts of lecithin, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, 16.8 parts of extract of the whole plant of rhizopus bambusicola, 2.8 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 400#4 parts of agricultural emulsion, 2.6 parts of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, 18 parts of ethyl acetate, 0.6 part of hexanol, 0.3 part of white carbon black and 24.9 parts of sterile water per 100 parts of lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide, acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizoma bambusae, gamma-aminobutyric acid, Nongru No. 400, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, hexanol and white carbon black into a frosted kettle, grinding to a certain fineness, transferring the materials into a stirring kettle, adding the rest ethyl acetate and sterile water, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the 30% lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent.
Formulation example 6
This example provides the preparation of 45% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules.
Every 100 parts of lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules comprise, by mass, 30 parts of lecithin, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 12 parts of acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, 16.2 parts of extract of the whole plant of rhizopus bambusae, 2.7 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 1.8 parts of alkyl sulfonate, 2.6 parts of naphthalenesulfonate, 3.5 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 26.4 parts of kaolin.
Weighing the components according to the mass parts, adding the materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, then crushing the materials by a jet mill, sieving the materials by a 600-mesh standard sieve, adding the materials into a kneading machine to be kneaded into plastic materials, finally putting the plastic materials into an extrusion granulator to be extruded and granulated, drying and sieving the granules to obtain the 45% lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules.
Example 7
This example provides the effect of the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin and chitosan oligosaccharide on the cold resistance of rice seedlings. The test site selects a biotechnology key laboratory applied in Hongyun harbor city, and the test rice variety is 'Neiyu you 08-1'.
The test agent used in this example was a 30% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide suspension, and the specific preparation method was as described in example 1, except for the mass ratio of lecithin and chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition, and the mass ratio of lecithin and chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition used in this example is detailed in table 1. The control treatment agents used were 30% lecithin suspending agent and 30% chitosan oligosaccharide suspending agent, respectively, and the auxiliaries and preparation method thereof were the same as in example 1 for better comparison.
Soaking rice seeds for 48h, sterilizing with 10% hydrogen peroxide, accelerating germination at 28 deg.C for 12h, selecting seeds with consistent exposure, and sowing in a medicinal container, wherein the specific concentration and dosage of the medicinal preparation are shown in Table 1. Each drug concentration is treated by 100 granules, the treatment time is 1 day after 24 hours, water is supplemented to the original volume every day at regular time, and distilled water is used as a blank control. The day and night temperature was set to (25 ± 0.5) ° c/(18 ± 0.5) ° c, and the illumination (2500lx) was 12h/12h L/D. After 10 days, the plant height, the root length and other physiological indexes are measured, and the result data is recorded in a table 1. Then the cultured rice seedlings are treated for 12h at 4 ℃ (the rice seedlings suffer cold damage), then the culture is recovered for 12h under the original culture condition, the physiological indexes of the rice seedlings are detected, and the result data records are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of lecithin-containing functional agricultural compositions on Rice seedling growth Performance
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, when the mass ratio of lecithin to chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 30: 1-1: 50, the composition can improve the plant height and root length of rice seedlings. Further, when the mass ratio of lecithin to chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition is 10: 1-1: 10, the plant height of the rice seedling is increased by more than 11.1% and the root length is increased by more than 14.7% compared with a blank control. The agricultural composition containing lecithin and chitosan oligosaccharide provided by the invention can promote the growth of rice seedlings within the range of the mixture ratio. In addition, compared with the single-dose using effect of lecithin and chitosan oligosaccharide, the compound using effect is more obvious, and the compound using effect of the lecithin and the chitosan oligosaccharide is shown to have a synergistic effect.
As known to those skilled in the art, the biological membrane is an interface structure between plant cells and the external environment, and the influence of various stresses on the cells is firstly reflected on the biological membrane, and so on the low-temperature damage. Under the low-temperature stress, the structure of the plasma membrane is changed, the function of the membrane is further damaged, the permeability of the cell membrane is increased, the electrolyte is leaked, the conductivity is increased, and the damage condition of the low-temperature adverse environment to plants can be reflected. Furthermore, CAT enzymes can decompose H2O2Referring to CAT enzyme activity, the activity of the whole protective enzyme system of a plant can be predicted. In addition, MDA acts as a membrane lipidThe oxidized final product can inhibit the activity of cytoprotective enzyme and reduce the content of antioxidant, thereby intensifying the peroxidation of membrane lipid, so that the MDA content can also be used as the judgment basis of the cold resistance of plants.
In this example, the electrolyte leakage rate was measured by air extraction, and the conductivity of the extract was (R)1) The boiling water bath has a conductivity of (R)2) Relative conductivity ═ R1/R2X 100%, units are% expressed. The Catalase (CAT) activity was measured by iodometry, and the unit of the enzyme activity was mg/(g. min). The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method, the unit being expressed in μmol/g. The physiological indexes of the rice seedlings are measured by the method before and after the freezing injury treatment, the average value of the treatment is calculated, and the obtained result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of lecithin-containing functional agricultural compositions on Cold resistance of Rice seedlings
The results in Table 2 show that the relative conductivity, CAT activity and MDA content of the rice seedlings are increased after the freezing injury compared with those before the freezing injury. Compared with a blank control, the increase of each content is reduced after the test medicament is used, and the test medicament has the effect of improving the cold resistance of the rice seedlings. But compared with the single dosage, the compound application effect of the lecithin and the chitosan oligosaccharide is better, and the compound application of the lecithin and the chitosan oligosaccharide is further shown to have the synergistic effect.
Example 8
This example provides the effect of the functional agricultural composition containing lecithin and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide on the cold resistance of winter wheat.
As known to those skilled in the art, the wheat in China is mainly winter wheat, and the planting area and the yield of the wheat account for more than 80% of the total amount of the wheat. In northern winter wheat areas of China, winter is cold and covered by few snow, and late spring cold weather often appears in early spring, and severe yield reduction of wheat is often caused by severe cold in the areas. Therefore, how to prevent and control wheat cold damage is always an important course in production and breeding.
The test is carried out in 2018 and 2019, the test site is selected from the wheat field in Datong river village in Biyashan city, Rouhe county, Heilongjiang province, and the tested wheat varieties are Dongnong winter wheat No. 1 and Jimai 22. Wherein, Dongnong winter wheat No. 1 is bred by northeast agriculture university, can tolerate the low temperature of-30 ℃ when being covered by snow, and has the green turning rate of more than 85 percent; jimai 22 is bred by a farm institute in Shandong province, has weak cold resistance and has a green return rate of less than 1 percent in Heilongjiang province.
The test agents used in this example were seed coatings containing lecithin and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide. Specifically, the test agent is a 45% lecithin-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide seed coating agent, wherein the compounding ratio of lecithin and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is shown in table 3, the rest components are auxiliary agents for playing the drug effects of the lecithin and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the used auxiliary agents comprise 12% of the speckle rhizopus bambusicola whole plant extract, 2% of gamma-aminobutyric acid and sterile water, and the content is up to 100%.
Soaking wheat seeds for two days and two nights, changing water once in the morning and evening every day, standing for 12h, draining, dressing with chemicals, and sowing in different regions with the seed dressing amount of 30m in each cell2And sowing 180g of seeds in each plot, and soaking the seeds in clear water as a blank control. And then carrying out normal water and fertilizer management in the field, counting the number of wheat seedlings in each cell after wheat seedlings emerge, counting the survival number of the wheat seedlings in each cell after the next spring return, and calculating the green return rate. After the wheat is ripe, the yield of each cell is counted, and the data recording result is shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of seed coating formulations containing lecithin and acetyl Chitosan oligosaccharide on winter wheat Cold resistance
Table 3 shows that after the seed coating agent containing lecithin or acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide or both the lecithin and the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is used, the green return rate and the yield of Dongnong winter wheat No. 1 and Jimai 22 are obviously improved, and compared with the single agent, the effect is better under the condition of compound use. The composition containing lecithin and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide is proved to have the function of improving the cold resistance and economic yield of crops.
Example 9
This example provides a study on the alleviation effect of the composition containing lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide on watermelon drought stress.
Most varieties of watermelons have poor drought tolerance, and due to long-term manual selection, the adaptability and drought resistance of the watermelon varieties in China are generally reduced, the watermelon varieties are difficult to survive in dry land cultivation, and the yield and quality of the watermelons are seriously affected by drought, so that the improvement of the drought resistance of the watermelons has important significance.
The test site is selected from a watermelon field in Zhongwei city of Ningxia province, which belongs to a sandstone field, is drought all the year round, has poor watermelon growth condition and low yield.
The test medicament in this embodiment is 45% lecithin-chitosan oligosaccharide-acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide water dispersible granules, the preparation method is the same as that described in embodiment 6, the difference is the mass ratio of lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the composition, and the ratio of active components in the composition described in this embodiment is detailed in tables 4 and 5. In order to fully exert the test effect of the active ingredients, other auxiliary aids, which are the same as in example 6, were added in addition to the necessary active ingredients.
Selecting neat and plump watermelon seeds, soaking the seeds, sowing, uniformly managing normal water and fertilizer, irrigating roots by using the test medicament when the watermelon seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart, taking clear water as a blank control, and treating 50m of watermelon seeds every time2Each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the watermelons are ripe, randomly selecting 15 ripe watermelons in each cell, measuring the longitudinal and transverse diameters and the weight of the ripe watermelons, calculating the average value of the longitudinal and transverse diameters, and recording result data in a table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of compositions containing lecithin, Chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl Chitosan oligosaccharide on watermelon yield
Note that, in order to achieve a better contrast effect, chitosan oligosaccharide (B) in the above composition1) And acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide (B)2) The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 1.
The data in Table 4 show that the composition containing lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide can effectively improve the economic yield of watermelon, and the effect is more obvious compared with that of single dose. Preferably, when the mass ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 5: 1-1: 5, the yield is increased by more than 12.5%, and the composition containing lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide provided by the invention is proved to be capable of improving the drought resistance of dry-land watermelon and improving the economic yield of the dry-land watermelon.
In order to further clarify the influence of the ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide on the performance of the composition, a processing cell is additionally arranged to explore the influence of different compounding ratios of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide on the yield of watermelon, the specific test steps are the same as those described above, and the result data are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of compositions comprising lecithin, Chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl Chitosan oligosaccharide on watermelon yield
Note that A is lecithin, B1Is chitosan oligosaccharide, B2Is acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide.
Table 5 shows that when the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the active component B is 1: 20-5: 1, the yield of watermelon is remarkably increased. Preferably, when the mass ratio is 1: 5-1: 1, the yield increasing effect is better.
Example 10
This example explores the effect of the functional compositions provided by the present invention on apple yield. The test site is selected in an apple test base in Zhengning county, Qingyang city, Gansu province, the variety to be tested is 'Hongfushi', the tree age of the fruit tree is 7 years, the growth vigor is basically consistent, and the fields uniformly manage water and fertilizer.
The test agent is the agent described in examples 1 to 6, the control test agent is 45% of water dispersible granules containing lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide and not containing the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus bambusicola and gamma-aminobutyric acid, other auxiliary aids and the preparation method of the agent are the same as those of example 6, clear water is used as a blank control, 7 test treatments are set, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times.
Each treatment district is 15 fruit trees, and each district is provided with a protection row. After fruit trees bear fruits, the test agent is uniformly sprayed with 1000 times of liquid for 3 times at intervals of 15 days. And (3) counting the weight and yield of the single fruit in each cell in the fruit harvesting period, calculating the average value and the synergy of the fruit, and recording data in a table 6.
TABLE 6 Effect of the functional compositions provided by the present invention on apple yield
The technical personnel in the field know that the Zhengning county of Qingyang city, Gansu province is located in loess plateau, belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, has drought climate and less rainfall, and is an important factor influencing the yield of local apples. As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the compound composition provided by the invention can improve the drought resistance of apple trees and increase the yield of apples. Compared with the experimental control medicament, the medicaments in the embodiments 1 to 6 have more remarkable yield increasing effect, and show that the extract of the whole plant of the rhizopus stolonifer and the gamma-aminobutyric acid in the composition can effectively improve the drug effects of the active components of lecithin, chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and are indispensable auxiliary components of the composition.
Meanwhile, in the test process, the inventor finds that the fruit trees in the blank control cell begin to have alternaria leaf spot and part of fruits also have black spot and red spot at the fruit expanding period, and the condition of the treatment cell sprayed with the agent is relatively less. Therefore, the inventors investigated alternaria leaf spot of fruit trees and red spot and black spot of fruits in each treatment plot. Specifically, 5 fruit trees are randomly selected from each treatment district, the disease conditions of leaves and fruits are investigated, the disease index of the leaves and the fruit disease rate of the fruits are calculated, and the obtained results are shown in table 7.
The grading standard of the disease conditions of the fruit tree leaves is as follows:
level 0: no disease spots;
level 1: the lesion area accounts for less than 10% of the whole leaf area;
and 3, level: the lesion area accounts for 11 to 25 percent of the whole leaf area;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 26-40% of the whole leaf area;
and 7, stage: the lesion area accounts for 41 to 65 percent of the whole leaf area;
and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 66% of the whole leaf area.
The leaf disease index and the fruit disease rate are calculated as follows:
TABLE 7 Effect of functional compositions provided by the present invention on fruit tree and fruit disease
The data in table 7 show that the disease index of the leaves of the fruit tree and the fruit disease rate of the fruit are significantly reduced by using the functional composition of the present invention compared to the blank control. In addition, those skilled in the art know that alternaria leaf spot is also known as brown streak disease, the etiology of which is a fungus of the subdivision Deuteromycotina. The combination of the test results proves that the functional composition provided by the invention has a certain bactericidal effect and can prevent and treat crop diseases.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A functional agricultural composition containing lecithin is characterized by comprising an active component A and an active component B, wherein the active component A is lecithin, and the active component B is one or the combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide.
2. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the lecithin to the chitosan oligosaccharide in the agricultural composition is 30: 1-1: 50; preferably, the mass ratio of the lecithin to the chitosan oligosaccharide in the agricultural composition is 10: 1-1: 10.
3. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the lecithin to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the agricultural composition is 20: 1-1: 15; preferably, the mass ratio of the lecithin to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the agricultural composition is 10: 1-1: 1.
4. The agricultural composition of claim 1, wherein the active component A is lecithin, the active component B is a combination of chitosan oligosaccharide and acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the active component A to the active component B in the agricultural composition is 15: 1-1: 20; preferably, the mass ratio of the active component A to the active component B in the agricultural composition is 5: 1-1: 5.
5. The agricultural composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the active component B is 1: 20-5: 1; preferably, the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide and the acetyl chitosan oligosaccharide in the active component B is 1: 5-1: 1.
6. The agricultural composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary component C, wherein the auxiliary component C is a compound of the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus bambusicola and gamma-aminobutyric acid; the mass ratio of the extract of the whole plant of the speckle rhizopus chinensis to the gamma-aminobutyric acid is 6: 1.
7. An agricultural composition according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary component C10-20 parts by mass is contained in each 100 parts of the composition.
8. Use of the composition of any one of claims 1 to 9 for promoting plant growth, improving plant stress resistance, increasing crop yield, and controlling crop diseases.
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| CN107691507A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-02-16 | 吴文君 | A kind of bactericidal composition of the extract containing Disporopsis aspera |
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