CN112986137A - T-shaped welding part press-breaking device, press-breaking method and pipe flattening method - Google Patents
T-shaped welding part press-breaking device, press-breaking method and pipe flattening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112986137A CN112986137A CN202110202865.6A CN202110202865A CN112986137A CN 112986137 A CN112986137 A CN 112986137A CN 202110202865 A CN202110202865 A CN 202110202865A CN 112986137 A CN112986137 A CN 112986137A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The application provides a T-shaped welding part press-breaking device, a T-shaped welding part press-breaking method by utilizing the press-breaking device, and a flattening method after pipe machining. The T-shaped welding part press-breaking device comprises a bottom plate, a door frame, a lifting device and a driving device. The portal is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate. The lifting device is fixed on the bottom plate and located below the gantry, and the top end of the lifting device is further provided with a bearing table for fixing the T-shaped weldment. The driving device is connected with the lifting device and used for driving the lifting device to rise to a preset height. After the T-shaped weldment borne by the lifting device is lifted to a preset height, the T-shaped weldment is pressed to be broken under the extrusion of the bearing table and the gantry. This application can conveniently break T type fillet weld. The pressure breaking device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing, low cost, safety and reliability in use, high working efficiency and the like, can meet the pressure breaking requirement of a pressure breaking sample, and can be used for a flattening process after other pipes are processed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mechanical devices, in particular to a T-shaped welding part press-breaking device, a press-breaking method and a pipe flattening method.
Background
In many important welded structures in shipbuilding, weakening of the strength of the welded joint, insufficient toughness or weld defects at the root of the weld can lead to premature failure of the entire welded structure with catastrophic consequences. For an important T-shaped welding structure, a T-shaped fillet welding test board needs to be welded under the condition close to actual production before production, the various performances of a welding joint are sampled and verified, and the designed welding process is evaluated according to the standard specifications of relevant classification society and supervision units. After the test plate is welded and passes the nondestructive test, the mechanical property detection of the welded joint is carried out, wherein the detection comprises various performance detection methods such as pressure break, bending, tearing and the like.
For example, the T-shaped non-penetration fillet weld needs to be subjected to pressure break (damage) detection, wherein checking whether the weld root has defects such as cracks, unfused, slag inclusion, pores and the like is an important index for inspecting whether the T-shaped fillet weld is qualified. Normally, the T-shaped component is welded, and according to the requirements of relevant classification society sample processing dimensions, after the fillet weld on one side surface is removed, the T-shaped component is sawed into small sections with the length of 150 mm so as to be convenient for pressure fracture test detection. And (3) placing the processed press-broken sample on a special hydraulic press workbench, starting the large hydraulic press to press the reverse side of a wing plate on one side of the fillet weld, and breaking the web plate and the wing plate of the T-shaped welding sample from the position of the fillet weld so as to observe the quality of the root part of the weld. However, the press-breaking test method needs large hydraulic equipment, has high purchasing cost, high energy consumption and complex operation, occupies space and cannot be used when power is cut off, so that a simple and convenient device for press-breaking the T-shaped welding part is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a T-shaped welding part pressing and breaking device which is convenient for the T-shaped structure fillet weld to be pressed and broken so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for T-shaped weldment press-breaking comprising:
a base plate;
the door frame is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate;
the lifting device is fixed on the bottom plate and positioned below the gantry, and a bearing table for fixing the T-shaped weldment is further arranged at the top end of the lifting device;
the driving device is connected with the lifting device and used for driving the lifting device to be lifted to a preset height;
after the lifting device bears the T-shaped welding part and rises to a preset height, the T-shaped welding part is broken under the extrusion of the bearing table and the gantry.
In one embodiment, the lifting device is a hydraulic cylinder, the driving device is a booster pump, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the booster pump through a hydraulic oil pipe; the plummer is fixed the free end of the piston of pneumatic cylinder when the booster pump pressurizes, the pneumatic cylinder drives the plummer rises during the booster pump pressure release, the pneumatic cylinder is in descend gradually under the action of gravity of T type weldment.
In one embodiment, the lifting device is a rack and pinion structure, the rack and pinion structure comprises a gear and a rack, the rotational motion of the gear is converted into a linear motion of the rack, and the bearing platform is connected to the rack;
the driving device is a gear reduction structure, and the gear reduction structure comprises a plurality of gear sets for increasing input rotation torque;
the gear with the maximum torque in the gear reduction structure is connected with the gear in the gear rack structure through a transmission shaft, and the driving device transmits the input torque to the rack to drive the bearing table to ascend or descend.
In one embodiment, the portal frame comprises two stand columns and a cross beam, the cross beam is erected on the two stand columns, the cross beam is provided with an extrusion plane, and the area of the extrusion plane is larger than the vertical projection area of the T-shaped weldment.
In one embodiment, a first internally threaded oil hole is formed in the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder, a second internally threaded oil hole is formed in the lower end face of the booster pump, and the first internally threaded oil hole and the second internally threaded oil hole are connected through the hydraulic oil pipe.
In one embodiment, the lower end face of the booster pump is provided with a one-way valve for controlling the booster pump to be in a pressurization or pressure relief state.
In one embodiment, the upper end surface of the booster pump is provided with a pedal, a spring, a pull rod and a rotating shaft, the pedal is connected with the booster pump through the pull rod and the rotating shaft, the spring is positioned between the pedal and the upper end surface of the booster pump, and the spring is sleeved on the pull rod; the pressure breaking device drives the pull rod to move up and down to pressurize the booster pump through the rotation of the pedal around the rotating shaft, and the spring is used for resetting the pedal and the pull rod.
In one embodiment, four corners of the lower surface of the bottom plate are respectively provided with a small moving wheel for moving the press-breaking device.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for performing T-shaped weldment press-breaking by using the press-breaking device, including:
placing the T-shaped weldment on a bearing table of the lifting device, enabling wing plates and web plates of the T-shaped weldment to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the bearing table in a herringbone mode and to be located at the center of the bearing table, and ensuring that the T-shaped weldment is located in the vertical projection of the gantry;
starting a driving device, enabling the lifting device to bear the T-shaped welding piece to be lifted, and continuing to drive the lifting device to lift when the T-shaped welding piece props against the portal frame until the T-shaped welding piece is broken under the extrusion of the bearing table and the portal frame, and the web plate and the wing plate are pressed together;
the lifting device is enabled to bear the T-shaped welding piece to descend, and the bearing table of the lifting device and the T-shaped welding piece return to the original position.
The device is also used for flattening other pipes after being processed.
The method for flattening the pipe by using the press-breaking device comprises the following steps:
placing a pipe on a bearing table of the lifting device, enabling the pipe to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the bearing table and to be positioned in the center of the bearing table, and enabling the pipe to be positioned in the vertical projection of the portal;
reserving a deformation space for the pipe to be still in the vertical projection of the portal after being flattened around the pipe;
starting a driving device, enabling the lifting device to bear the pipe to be lifted, and continuing to drive the lifting device to be lifted when the pipe props against the portal until the pipe is flattened under the extrusion of the bearing table and the portal;
and enabling the lifting device to bear the pipe to descend until the bearing table of the lifting device returns to the original position.
As described above, the present application has the following advantageous effects:
according to the T-shaped fillet weld breaking device, the T-shaped fillet weld can be broken, particularly, the mode, the condition and the like of a T-shaped section bar breaking test are improved, when a large hydraulic machine cannot work or is lack of the large hydraulic machine due to power failure, the T-shaped fillet weld can be broken conveniently, and the quality of the root of the weld after the T-shaped fillet weld is broken can be guaranteed through the breaking mode. The pressure breaking device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing, low cost, safety and reliability in use, high working efficiency and the like, can meet the pressure breaking requirement of a pressure breaking sample, and can be used for a flattening process after other pipes are processed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a T-shaped weldment;
in the figure:
1 gantry 2 bottom plate
3T type weldment 4 hydraulic cylinder
5 moving small wheel 6 bearing table
11 hydraulic oil pipe 20 rotating shaft
21 booster pump 22 one-way valve
23 pull rod 24 spring
25 pedal 31 wing
32 web
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a T-shaped welding member press-breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application. The lifting device comprises a portal 1, a bottom plate 2, a lifting device and a driving device. The gantry 1 is disposed on an upper surface of the base plate 2. The lifting device is fixed on the bottom plate 2 and is positioned below the gantry 1, and the top end of the lifting device is also provided with a bearing table 6 for fixing the T-shaped welding part 3. The driving device is connected with the lifting device and used for driving the lifting device to rise to a preset height. After the lifting device bears the T-shaped welding part 3 and rises to a preset height, the T-shaped welding part 3 is broken by the extrusion of the bearing table 6 and the gantry 1.
The pressing and breaking device in the embodiment drives the lifting device to work through the driving device, so as to drive the bearing table 6 and the T-shaped welding part 3 to ascend, and after the T-shaped welding part 3 contacts the portal frame, the lifting device is continuously driven, so that the T-shaped welding part 3 is pressed and broken under the extrusion of the bearing table 6 and the portal frame 1.
The pressure breaking device in the embodiment is driven manually, does not need electric energy driving or electric energy assistance, and can replace a large hydraulic machine when the large hydraulic machine cannot work due to power failure. Compared with a large hydraulic press with high price, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost, and can replace the large hydraulic press with high price in single or small-batch production.
In one embodiment, the lifting device is a hydraulic cylinder 4, the driving device is a booster pump 21, and the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected with the booster pump 21 through a hydraulic oil pipe 11; the plummer 6 is fixed at the free end of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 4, when the booster pump 21 pressurizes, the hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the plummer 6 to ascend, and when the booster pump 21 decompresses, the hydraulic cylinder 4 descends gradually under the gravity action of the T-shaped weldment 3.
The lifting device and the driving device of the embodiment adopt hydraulic structures. Various elements of the hydraulic transmission can be conveniently and flexibly arranged according to requirements; the hydraulic structure has the advantages of light weight, small volume, compact structure, simple operation, convenient adjustment and control, easy realization of overload protection and the like.
In one embodiment, the gantry 1 comprises two columns and a beam, the beam is erected on the two columns, the beam is provided with an extrusion plane, and the area of the extrusion plane is larger than the vertical projection area of the T-shaped weldment 3. The extrusion plane can ensure that the extrusion force borne by the T-shaped welding part is uniform, avoid the deformation of the T-shaped welding part caused by stress concentration, and ensure the quality of the welding seam after pressure fracture.
In one embodiment, the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is provided with a first internally threaded oil hole, the lower end surface of the booster pump 21 is provided with a second internally threaded oil hole, and the first internally threaded oil hole and the second internally threaded oil hole are connected through the hydraulic oil pipe 11. The hydraulic cylinder and the booster pump are connected with the hydraulic oil pipe in a threaded oil hole mode, the structure is simple and reliable, and oil leakage and pressure reduction events can be effectively prevented.
In one embodiment, the lower end surface of the booster pump 21 is provided with a check valve 22 for controlling the booster pump 21 in a pressurized or depressurized state. The one-way valve has simple and reliable structure and is convenient to control the pressurizing or pressure releasing state of the booster pump.
In one embodiment, the upper end surface of the booster pump 21 is provided with a pedal 25, a spring 24, a pull rod 23 and a rotating shaft 20, the pedal 25 is connected with the booster pump 21 through the pull rod 23 and the rotating shaft 20, the spring 24 is positioned between the pedal 25 and the upper end surface of the booster pump 21, and the spring 24 is sleeved on the pull rod 23; the pressure breaking device drives the pull rod 23 to move up and down to pressurize the booster pump 21 by the rotation of the pedal 25 around the rotating shaft 20, and the spring 24 is used for resetting the pedal 25 and the pull rod 23. This scheme adopts traditional mechanical structure, and is simple reliable, drives the pull rod through the motion repeatedly of footboard, can give the booster pump pressure boost fast effectively.
In one embodiment, moving small wheels 5 are respectively installed at four corners below the bottom plate 2 for moving the press-breaking device.
In one embodiment, the lifting device is a rack and pinion arrangement comprising a gear and a rack, the rotational movement of the gear being converted into a linear movement of the rack, the carrier table 6 being connected to the rack. The drive device is a gear reduction structure including a plurality of gear sets that increase input rotational torque. The gear with the maximum torque in the gear reduction structure is connected with the gear in the gear rack structure through a transmission shaft, and the driving device transmits the input torque to the rack to drive the bearing platform 6 to ascend or descend.
The gear rack structure and the gear reduction structure are the most traditional mechanical structures, and have the advantages of accurate transmission, higher stability, high efficiency, reliable work and long service life.
The device is mainly used for breaking the fillet weld of the T-shaped welding part, and the welding quality of the root of the weld can be conveniently checked after the fillet weld is broken.
According to another aspect of the application, there is also provided a method for press-breaking a T-shaped weldment by using the press-breaking device: firstly, the T-shaped welding part 3 is placed on a bearing table 6 of a lifting device, so that a wing plate 31 and a web plate 32 of the T-shaped welding part 3 are tightly attached to the upper surface of the bearing table 6 in a herringbone mode and are positioned at the center of the bearing table 6, and the T-shaped welding part 3 is ensured to be positioned in the vertical projection of the portal frame 1. Then, the driving device is started to enable the lifting device to carry the T-shaped welding part 3 to be lifted, the lifting device is continuously driven to lift when the T-shaped welding part 3 is pressed against the portal frame 1 until the T-shaped welding part 3 is broken under the extrusion of the bearing table 6 and the portal frame 1, and the wing plate 31 and the web plate 32 are pressed together. Finally, the lifting device carrying the T-shaped welding part 3 descends, and the carrying platform 6 of the lifting device and the T-shaped welding part 3 return to the original position.
As shown in fig. 2, the T-shaped weldment 3 is a sample weldment, and for the convenience of the test, a weld is provided only on one side of the web 32 to weld the flange 31 and the web 32. When the T-shaped welding part 3 is broken, the side of the web 32 with the welding seam faces the pressing plane on the cross beam, and the wing plates 31 and the web 32 are placed on the bearing table 6 in a herringbone shape, as shown in fig. 1. During the pressing-off process, the wing panel 31 is pressed from the pressing plane, the pressing force is transmitted to the fillet weld, the force applied by the wing panel 31 to the fillet weld can be decomposed into a force perpendicular to the welding surface of the wing panel 31 (i.e. the plane of the welding surface of the wing panel 31) and a force parallel to the welding surface of the wing panel 31, the force perpendicular to the welding surface of the wing panel 31 is directed toward the fillet weld, the pressing force does not damage the fillet weld, and the force parallel to the welding surface of the wing panel 31 is a force separating the fillet weld from the wing panel 31. Meanwhile, the web 32 is pressed by the bearing table 6, the force applied by the web 32 to the fillet weld can be decomposed into a force perpendicular to the welding surface of the web 32 (i.e., the plane on the side of the web 32 having the weld) and a force parallel to the welding surface of the web 32, the force perpendicular to the welding surface of the web 32 is directed toward the fillet weld, the pressure does not damage the fillet weld, and the force parallel to the welding surface of the web 32 is a force separating the fillet weld from the wing panel 31. The fillet of the T-shaped weldment 3 is separated from the wing plate 31 and the web plate 32 by a force parallel to the welding surface of the wing plate 31 and a force parallel to the welding surface of the web plate 32, respectively, and the T-shaped weldment 3 is broken. The pressure-breaking scheme can prevent the fillet weld from being damaged, and ensures the quality of the weld root after the T-shaped fillet weld is broken, thereby being beneficial to observing whether the weld root has the defects of cracks, unfused, slag inclusion, air holes and the like.
For the situation that welding seams are arranged on two sides of the web 32 to weld the wing plate 31 and the web 32, the sections of the fillet welds of the two T-shaped welding pieces 3 shown in fig. 2 can be combined together, and a worker can detect and judge various defects of the root section of the notch weld after being pressed and broken according to specifications.
The method utilizes the press-breaking device to press and break the T-shaped welding part, is simple and convenient to operate, and has high practical value.
The device is also used for flattening other pipes after being processed.
A method for flattening a pipe by using the pressure breaking device comprises the following steps: firstly, a pipe is placed on a bearing table 6 of a lifting device, the pipe is made to cling to the upper surface of the bearing table 6 and be positioned at the center of the bearing table 6, and the pipe is made to be positioned in the vertical projection of a portal 1; and a deformation space in which the pipe is still in the vertical projection of the portal 1 after being flattened is reserved around the pipe. Then, the driving device is started to enable the lifting device to bear the pipe to be lifted, and the lifting device is continuously driven to ascend when the pipe props against the gantry 1 until the pipe is flattened under the extrusion of the bearing table 6 and the gantry 1. Finally, the lifting device bearing pipe descends until the bearing platform 6 of the lifting device returns to the original position.
The method utilizes the pressure breaking device to flatten the pipe, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively flatten the pipe when the pipe flattening equipment fails, or can be used in single or small-batch production, and has high practical value.
In conclusion, the T-shaped welding part press-breaking device and the method can solve the problem that the T-shaped welding part cannot be pressed-broken under the condition that no large hydraulic press exists or power failure occurs, so that test detection is difficult; the method for flattening the pipe by using the press-breaking device can solve the problem that the pipe cannot be flattened when the pipe flattening equipment fails, and can be used in single or small-batch production, so that the production cost is reduced. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art, thereby having high use value in the field of industrial tools.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A device for T-shaped welding part press-breaking is characterized by comprising:
a base plate (2);
the door frame (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate (2);
the lifting device is fixed on the bottom plate (2) and is positioned below the gantry (1), and the top end of the lifting device is also provided with a bearing table (6) for fixing the T-shaped weldment (3);
the driving device is connected with the lifting device and used for driving the lifting device to be lifted to a preset height;
after the lifting device bears the T-shaped weldment (3) and rises to a preset height, the T-shaped weldment (3) is broken under the extrusion of the bearing table (3) and the gantry (1).
2. The press-breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device is a hydraulic cylinder (4), the driving device is a booster pump (21), and the hydraulic cylinder (4) is connected with the booster pump (21) through a hydraulic oil pipe (11); plummer (6) are fixed the free end of the piston of pneumatic cylinder (4) during booster pump (21) pressurization, pneumatic cylinder (4) drive plummer (6) rise during booster pump (21) pressure release, pneumatic cylinder (4) are in descend gradually under the action of gravity of T type weldment (3).
3. The press-off device of claim 1,
the lifting device is of a gear rack structure, the gear rack structure comprises a gear and a rack, the rotary motion of the gear is converted into the linear motion of the rack, and the bearing table (6) is connected to the rack;
the driving device is a gear reduction structure, and the gear reduction structure comprises a plurality of gear sets for increasing input rotation torque;
the gear with the maximum torque in the gear reduction structure is connected with the gear in the gear rack structure through a transmission shaft, and the driving device transmits the input torque to the rack to drive the bearing table (6) to ascend or descend.
4. A press-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that said portal (1) comprises two uprights, on which said cross-beam is erected, and a cross-beam provided with a pressing plane having an area greater than the vertical projection area of said T-shaped weldment (3).
5. The pressure breaking device according to claim 2, wherein a first internally threaded oil hole is formed at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder (4), a second internally threaded oil hole is formed at the lower end surface of the booster pump (21), and the first internally threaded oil hole and the second internally threaded oil hole are connected through the hydraulic oil pipe (11).
6. The press-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower end face of the booster pump (21) is provided with a one-way valve (22) for controlling the booster pump (21) in a pressurized or pressure-relief state.
7. The press-breaking device according to claim 2, wherein a pedal (25), a spring (24), a pull rod (23) and a rotating shaft (20) are arranged on the upper end face of the booster pump (21), the pedal (25) is connected with the booster pump (21) through the pull rod (23) and the rotating shaft (20), the spring (24) is located between the pedal (25) and the upper end face of the booster pump (21), and the spring (24) is sleeved on the pull rod (23); the pressure breaking device drives the pull rod (23) to move up and down to pressurize the booster pump (21) through the rotation of the pedal (25) around the rotating shaft (20), and the spring (24) is used for resetting the pedal (25) and the pull rod (23).
8. Press-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that four corners of the underside of the base plate (2) are provided with small moving wheels (5) respectively for moving the press-breaking device.
9. A method for press-breaking a T-shaped weldment by using the press-breaking device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
placing a T-shaped weldment (3) on a bearing table (6) of the lifting device, enabling wing plates (31) and web plates (32) of the T-shaped weldment (3) to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the bearing table (6) in a herringbone mode and to be located at the center of the bearing table (6), and ensuring that the T-shaped weldment (3) is located in the vertical projection of the portal (1);
starting a driving device, enabling the lifting device to bear the T-shaped weldment (3) to be lifted, and continuing to drive the lifting device to ascend when the T-shaped weldment (3) abuts against the gantry (1) until the T-shaped weldment (3) is broken under the extrusion of the bearing table (6) and the gantry (1), and the wing plate (31) and the web plate (32) are pressed together;
the lifting device is enabled to bear the T-shaped weldment (3) to descend, and the bearing table (6) and the T-shaped weldment (3) of the lifting device return to the original position.
10. A method for flattening tubing using the press-breaking device of any one of claims 1-8, comprising:
placing a pipe on a bearing table (6) of the lifting device, enabling the pipe to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the bearing table (6) and to be positioned in the center of the bearing table (6), and enabling the pipe to be positioned in the vertical projection of the gantry (1);
reserving a deformation space for the pipe to be still in the vertical projection of the gantry (1) after the pipe is flattened at the periphery of the pipe;
starting a driving device, enabling the lifting device to bear the pipe to be lifted, and continuing to drive the lifting device to be lifted when the pipe is pressed against the gantry (1) until the pipe is flattened under the extrusion of the bearing table (6) and the gantry (1);
and enabling the lifting device to bear the pipe to descend until a bearing table (6) of the lifting device returns to the original position.
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2021
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