CN112983848B - Fuel cell stack and gas supply device - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack and gas supply device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112983848B CN112983848B CN202110155653.7A CN202110155653A CN112983848B CN 112983848 B CN112983848 B CN 112983848B CN 202110155653 A CN202110155653 A CN 202110155653A CN 112983848 B CN112983848 B CN 112983848B
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- expander
- air
- supply device
- air compressor
- motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/057—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/083—Sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
- F04D29/286—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors multi-stage rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/4226—Fan casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/4226—Fan casings
- F04D29/4233—Fan casings with volutes extending mainly in axial or radially inward direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/5806—Cooling the drive system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell stack and a gas supply device, wherein the gas supply device comprises a primary air compressor, a motor, an expander and a secondary air compressor. During operation, the motor starts, the rotor of motor rotates and drives the one-level air compressor machine, expander and second grade air compressor machine rotate, the air inhales from the air inlet of one-level air compressor machine, get into the second grade air compressor machine through the gas outlet of one-level air compressor machine, the air after one-level air compressor machine and the compression of second grade air compressor machine supplies the fuel cell pile, the waste gas that the fuel cell pile produced passes through the air inlet of expander and supplies the expander spiral case, promote the expander impeller and rotate, and then the expander impeller drives the rotor and rotates, expander impeller and second grade impeller arrange back to back in this scheme simultaneously, make the play work of expander directly be used for driving motor's rotor, make the air that the area energy that the battery pile produced continue to do work, reach energy recuperation's purpose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack and a gas supply device.
Background
The waste gas discharged from the outlet of the fuel cell stack is high-temperature and high-pressure air, so that the energy recovery value is high, and if the energy of the waste gas can be recovered, a good energy-saving effect can be achieved.
In the prior art, an air supply device with an energy recovery function is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, and includes a motor 01, an air compressor and an expander, wherein a first impeller 02 of the air compressor and a second impeller 03 of the expander are integrally formed to form a composite impeller. When the electric pile works, the motor is started to drive the composite impeller to rotate, air is sucked from one end, close to the air compressor, of the composite impeller, airflow flows through the motor to play a cooling role, the air enters the fuel cell electric pile after being compressed to react, air with certain temperature and pressure is discharged, the air enters the expansion machine, one end, close to the expansion machine, of the composite impeller is pushed, and energy consumption of the motor is reduced. The compressor of the air supply device with the energy recovery function disclosed in the prior art is single-stage, is only suitable for compressors with smaller pressure ratio requirements of the whole machine, and does not meet the development trend of fuel cell stacks towards large pressure ratio application.
Therefore, how to apply the air supply device with energy recovery to the fuel cell stack with large overall pressure ratio becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a gas supply device, so that the gas supply device with energy recovery is suitable for fuel cell stacks with large overall pressure ratio. The invention also provides a fuel cell stack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an air supply device comprises a primary air compressor, a motor, an expander and a secondary air compressor,
the first end of the rotor of the motor is provided with the first-stage impeller of the first-stage air compressor, the second end of the rotor is provided with the expander impeller of the expander and the second-stage impeller of the second-stage air compressor, the expander impeller is close to the motor relative to the second-stage impeller, the expander impeller and the second-stage impeller are arranged back to back, an expander air inlet which can be communicated with an air outlet of the fuel cell stack for discharging waste gas is arranged on the expander volute of the expander, and an expander air outlet communicated with the atmosphere is arranged on the expander volute.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, a first through hole is formed in a first-stage diffuser of the first-stage air compressor, and the first through hole is formed along an axis direction of the first-stage diffuser;
a second through hole communicated with the first through hole is formed in the front end cover of the motor, and the second through hole is formed in the axial direction of the front end cover;
a U-shaped cooling channel is formed in a shell of the motor, the U-shaped cooling channel is formed along the axial direction of the shell, and one linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel is communicated with the second through hole;
the side of the primary volute of the primary air compressor, which is opposite to the shell of the motor, the side of the shell of the motor, which is opposite to the primary volute, the periphery of the front end cover of the motor and the periphery of the primary diffuser form an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is communicated with the other linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel;
a first annular groove is formed in one side, opposite to the front end cover, of a primary volute of the primary air compressor, the first annular groove is matched with the front end cover to form a first cavity used for mounting a thrust disc and a thrust bearing, a groove used for communicating the annular cavity with the first cavity is formed in the front end cover, and the first cavity is communicated with a gap between a rotor and a stator of the motor through a first radial air bearing between the rotor of the motor and the front end cover of the motor and used for supplying air to the gap between the rotor and the stator;
the rear end cover of the motor is provided with a second annular groove on the side opposite to the expander volute of the expander, a third annular groove is arranged on the side opposite to the rear end cover of the expander volute, the second annular groove is communicated with the third annular groove, a second cavity is formed by the second annular groove and the third annular groove, the second cavity is communicated with a gap between the stator and the rotor through a second radial air bearing between the rotor and the rear end cover and is used for discharging cooled air into the second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with an air outlet of the expander volute.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, a third through hole is formed in the front end cover at a position corresponding to the winding end portion of the stator, the third through hole is communicated with the first cavity,
and a fourth through hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the winding end part of the stator, of the rear end cover, and the fourth through hole is communicated with the second cavity.
Preferably, in the air supply device, the U-shaped cooling passage is close to an axis of the housing with respect to the water cooling passage of the housing.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, the U-shaped cooling passage is integrally formed with the housing.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, a distance between the closed end of the U-shaped cooling channel and the rear end cap is 30 to 50mm.
Preferably, in the air supply device, the number of the U-shaped cooling passages is one or more, and the U-shaped cooling passages are distributed along the circumferential direction of the housing, and the number of the U-shaped cooling passages is equal to the number of the second through holes.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, the expander diffuser of the expander, the secondary diffuser of the secondary air compressor and the sealing disk between the expander diffuser and the secondary diffuser are of an integrally formed structure, and the expander diffuser, the sealing disk and the secondary diffuser are formed of the integrally formed structure, the secondary volute of the secondary air compressor and the expander volute are connected.
Preferably, in the above air supply device, a compression ring is arranged between the expander impeller and the secondary impeller, the compression ring is sleeved on the rotor, the integrally formed structure is sleeved on the compression ring, the expander impeller, the compression ring and the secondary impeller are tightly pressed on the rotor through a locking nut,
the inner ring of the integrated structure is provided with sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth are in clearance fit with the pressure ring;
or the outer wall of the compression ring is provided with the sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth are in clearance fit with the inner ring of the integrated forming structure.
A fuel cell stack comprising a gas supply device as described in any of the above aspects,
an air outlet of the fuel cell stack for discharging waste gas is communicated with an air inlet of an expander volute of an expander of the air supply device,
and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack for supplying compressed air is communicated with the air outlet of the secondary volute of the secondary air compressor of the air supply device.
According to the technical scheme, the air supply device comprises a primary air compressor, a motor, an expansion machine and a secondary air compressor. During operation, the motor starts, the rotor of motor rotates and drives the one-level air compressor machine, expander and second grade air compressor machine work, the air inhales from the air inlet of one-level air compressor machine, get into the second grade air compressor machine through the gas outlet of one-level air compressor machine, the air after one-level air compressor machine and the compression of second grade air compressor machine supplies the fuel cell pile, the waste gas that the fuel cell pile produced passes through the air inlet of expander and supplies the expander spiral case, promote the expander impeller and rotate, and then the expander impeller drives the rotor and rotates, expander impeller and second grade impeller arrange back to back in this scheme simultaneously, make the play merit of expander directly be used for driving the rotor, reduce the extra mechanical loss that transmission process brought, reduce the energy consumption of motor, reach energy recuperation's purpose.
The gas supply device disclosed by the scheme not only can realize energy recovery, but also has a two-stage air compressor, and is more suitable for a fuel cell stack with a large overall pressure ratio compared with a single-stage air compressor in the prior art.
The scheme also discloses a fuel cell stack which comprises a gas supply device, wherein the gas supply device is the gas supply device described in any one of the schemes. Specifically, an air outlet of the fuel cell stack for discharging waste gas is communicated with an air inlet of an expander volute of an expander of the air supply device, the expander can recover energy in the waste gas discharged by the fuel cell stack, and an air outlet of a secondary air compressor of the air supply device is communicated with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack for supplying high-pressure air to the fuel cell stack.
Since the gas supply device has the technical effects, the fuel cell stack with the gas supply device also has the same technical effects, and the details are not repeated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gas supply apparatus provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a gas supply apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a gas path diagram of a gas supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial gas path diagram of a gas supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a front end cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
01. a motor 02, a first impeller 03, a second impeller 03,
1000. the air supply device comprises an air supply device 1, a rotor 2, an expander impeller 3, a secondary impeller 4, an expander volute 5, a primary diffuser 51, a first through hole 6, a front end cover 61, a second through hole 62, a third through hole 63, a fifth through hole 64, a groove 7, a shell 71, a U-shaped cooling channel 8, a primary volute 9, an annular cavity 10, a rear end cover 101, a fourth through hole 11, a stator 12, an integrally formed structure 13, a primary impeller 14, a secondary volute 15, a connecting pipe 16, a primary volute air inlet 17, an air outlet 18, a first radial air bearing 19, a second radial air bearing 20, a thrust disc 21, a thrust bearing 22, a pressure ring 23 and a locking nut.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses an air supply device, which is suitable for a fuel cell stack with a large overall pressure ratio. The invention also discloses a fuel cell stack.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 2-6.
The invention discloses an air supply device 1000 which comprises a primary air compressor, a motor, an expansion machine and a secondary air compressor.
As shown in fig. 2, the primary air compressor includes a primary volute 8, a primary impeller 13 and a primary diffuser 5, and the primary impeller 13 is fixedly installed on the rotor 1 and is disposed between the primary volute 8 and the primary diffuser 5. The inside of the first-stage volute 8 is provided with a first-stage pressurizing cavity, the center of the first-stage volute 8 is provided with a first-stage volute air inlet 16, the side wall of the first-stage volute 8 in the circumferential direction is provided with a first-stage volute air outlet, air enters from the first-stage volute air inlet 16, enters the first-stage pressurizing cavity after passing through the first-stage impeller 13 and is further pressurized under the action of the first-stage diffuser 5, and the pressurized air is discharged through the first-stage volute air outlet of the first-stage volute 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the secondary air compressor has the same structure as the primary air compressor, and includes a secondary volute 14, a secondary impeller 3 and a secondary diffuser, and the working principle is also the same. The air inlet of the second-stage volute 14 is communicated with the air outlet of the first-stage volute 8 through a connecting pipe 15, and the air outlet 17 of the second-stage volute 14 is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the expander includes an expander impeller 2, an expander scroll 4, and an expander diffuser, and the expander impeller 2 is sealingly installed in the expander scroll 4 through the expander diffuser. An expander air inlet and an expander air outlet are formed in the circumferential outer wall of the expander volute 4, the expander air inlet of the expander volute 4 can be communicated with a discharge port of the fuel cell stack, which is used for discharging waste gas, and the expander air outlet of the expander volute 4 is communicated with the atmosphere. And a sealing disc is arranged between the expander diffuser and the secondary expander.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the motor includes a housing 7, a stator 11, and a rotor 1. The rotor 1 is arranged coaxially with the housing 7, and the stator 11 is mounted on the housing 7. A thrust disc 20 and a thrust bearing 21 are arranged between the front end cover 6 and the first-stage diffuser 5. A water cooling device formed by a water cooling channel is arranged in the shell 7, and the water cooling channel is spirally formed along the circumferential direction of the shell 7 and is used for cooling the shell 7 of the motor.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a first end of the rotor 1 in the axial direction is provided with a first-stage impeller 13 of the first-stage air compressor, a second end of the rotor 1 in the axial direction is provided with an expander impeller of the expander and a second-stage impeller of the second-stage air compressor, and the expander is located between the casing 7 and the second-stage air compressor. The rotor 1 is supported by a first radial air bearing 18 and a second radial air bearing 19 mounted in the front end cover 6 and the rear end cover 10.
Preferably, the bearings used in the scheme are all radial air bearings.
During operation, the motor starts, the rotor rotates and drives the one-level air compressor machine, expander and second grade air compressor machine rotate, the air inhales from the air inlet of one-level air compressor machine, get into the second grade air compressor machine through the gas outlet of one-level air compressor machine, the air after one-level air compressor machine and the compression of second grade air compressor machine supplies the fuel cell galvanic pile, the waste gas that the fuel cell galvanic pile produced passes through the air inlet of expander and supplies expander spiral case 4, promote expander impeller 2 and rotate, and then expander impeller 2 drives rotor 1 and rotates, expander impeller 2 arranges back to back with second grade impeller 3 in this scheme simultaneously, make the play merit of expander directly be used for driving rotor 1, reduce the extra mechanical loss that the transmission process brought, reduce the energy consumption of motor, reach energy recuperation's purpose.
The gas supply device 1000 disclosed by the scheme not only can realize energy recovery, but also is provided with a two-stage air compressor, and is more suitable for a fuel cell stack with a large overall pressure ratio compared with a single-stage air compressor in the prior art.
In addition, in the scheme, the primary impeller of the primary air compressor, the rotor of the motor, the expander impeller of the expander and the secondary impeller of the secondary air compressor are arranged on the same rotor 1, so that the structure of the air supply device 1000 is simplified, the weight of the motor is reduced, and the volume of the air supply device 1000 is reduced.
The air supply device 1000 disclosed by the scheme is provided with a cooling structure for cooling the thrust bearing 21, the first radial air bearing 18, the second radial air bearing 19, the stator 11 and the rotor 1 of the motor, so that the effective cooling of the air supply device 1000 is realized.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a first through hole 51 is formed in the first-stage diffuser 5 of the first-stage air compressor, and the first through hole 51 is communicated with the first-stage volute 8 of the first-stage air compressor;
a second through hole 61 corresponding to the first through hole 51 is formed in the front end cover 6 of the motor, and the second through hole 61 is communicated with the first through hole 51;
a U-shaped cooling channel 71 is formed in a shell 7 of the motor, the U-shaped cooling channel 71 is formed along the axial direction of the shell 7, one end, close to a primary air compressor, of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 is an open end, one end, close to a secondary air compressor, of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 is a closed end, the closed end is arc-shaped, the U-shaped cooling channel 71 comprises two linear channels and an arc-shaped channel, two ends of the arc-shaped channel are respectively communicated with the two linear channels, the two linear channels are parallel to each other and are parallel to the axial direction of the shell 7, the linear channels extend from the primary air compressor to the secondary air compressor, and one of the linear channels of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 is communicated with the second through hole 61;
the side of the first-stage volute 8 of the first-stage air compressor, which is opposite to the casing 7 of the motor, the side of the casing 7 of the motor, which is opposite to the first-stage volute 8, the periphery of the front end cover 6 of the motor and the periphery of the first-stage diffuser 5 are matched to form an annular cavity 9, the annular cavity 9 is communicated with the other linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel 71, and here, it needs to be described that a fifth through hole 63 for communicating the other linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 with the annular cavity 9 is formed in the front end cover;
a first annular groove is formed in one side, opposite to a front end cover 6 of the motor, of a primary volute 8 of the primary air compressor, a notch of the first annular groove faces the front end cover 6, the first annular groove is matched with the front end cover 6 to form a first cavity for mounting a thrust disc 20 and a thrust bearing 21, the diameter of the first annular groove is larger than that of the thrust disc 20, a groove 64 for communicating the annular cavity 9 with the first cavity is formed in the front end cover 6, the first cavity is communicated with a gap between a rotor 1 and a stator 11 of the motor through a first radial air bearing 18 between the rotor 1 and the front end cover 6 of the motor, and is used for supplying cooling air to the gap between the rotor 1 and the stator 11;
a second annular groove is formed in one side, opposite to the expander volute 4, of the rear end cover 10 of the motor, a third annular groove is formed in one side, opposite to the rear end cover 10, of the expander volute 4, the second annular groove is communicated with the third annular groove, a second cavity is formed by the second annular groove and the third annular groove, the second cavity is communicated with a gap between the stator 11 and the rotor 1 and a fourth through hole 101 in the rear end cover 10 through a second radial air bearing 19 between the rotor 1 and the rear end cover 10 and used for discharging cooling air into the second cavity, the second cavity is communicated with the expander volute 4, and air in the second cavity is discharged through an air outlet of the expander volute 4.
In cooling, the air flows in the air supply device 1000 as follows:
air enters a primary air compressor through an inlet of the primary air compressor and is subjected to primary pressurization in the primary air compressor;
the air after the first pressurization sequentially passes through a first through hole 51 of a first-stage diffuser 5 of a first-stage air compressor and a second through hole 61 of a front end cover 6 of the motor to enter a U-shaped cooling channel 71 of a shell 7 of the motor, and the air entering the U-shaped cooling channel 71 is cooled by a water cooling device of the motor;
the cooled air enters the annular cavity 9, and the air in the annular cavity 9 enters the first cavity through the groove on the front end cover 6;
the cooling air in the first cavity is communicated with the gap between the rotor 1 and the stator 11 of the motor through a first radial air bearing 18 arranged on the rotor 1 and the front end cover 6 of the motor, and is used for supplying the cooling air to the gap between the rotor 1 and the stator 11, and the cooling air moves along the gap between the stator 11 and the rotor 1;
then, the air after cooling the stator 11 and the rotor 1 enters a second cavity through a second radial air bearing 19 arranged on the rotor 1 and the rear end cover 10;
the air entering the second cavity is discharged through the air outlet of the expander volute 4.
Here, the water cooling device cools the housing, and cools air in the U-shaped cooling channel 71 provided in the housing, thereby achieving effective cooling of the stator and the rotor of the motor.
The first through hole 51 is opened along the axial direction of the first-stage diffuser 5, and the second through hole 61 is opened along the axial direction of the front end cover 6.
The cooling structure of the air supply device 1000 disclosed by the scheme is that air entering a primary air compressor is directly introduced into a U-shaped cooling channel 71 of a motor shell 7, a water cooling device cools air in the U-shaped cooling channel 71, then the cooled air enters a primary volute 8, a shell 7, a front end cover 6 and an annular cavity 9 formed by a diffuser, then the cooled air enters a space between a stator 11 and a rotor 1 through a first cavity, the stator 11 and the rotor 1 are cooled, compared with a mode that cooling air is introduced into the motor from an intercooler to cool the motor in the prior art, the cooling temperature of the air in the U-shaped cooling channel 71 passing through the water cooling device is lower than the outlet temperature of the intercooler, the air lower than the temperature of the intercooler enters a gap between the stator 11 and the rotor 1 to cool the stator 11 and the rotor 1, heat on the stator 11 and the rotor 1 can be taken away as much as possible, and effective heat dissipation of the air supply device 1000 is realized.
In order to further enhance the cooling effect on the motor, in the scheme, a third through hole 62 is formed in the position, corresponding to the winding end part of the stator 11, of the front end cover 6, and the third through hole 62 is communicated with the first cavity. That is, the air entering the first cavity is split into two paths, one path enters the third through hole 62, the other path enters the first radial air bearing 18, the air entering the housing 7 through the third through hole 62 cools the end surface of the stator 11, the air passing through the first radial air bearing 18 cools the position between the stator 11 and the rotor 1, and the air entering the space between the winding end of the stator 11 and the housing 7 enters the space between the other winding end of the stator 11 and the housing 7 along the gap between the stator 11 and the rotor 1 to cool the other winding end of the stator 11.
The rear end cover 10 is provided with a fourth through hole 101 at a position corresponding to the winding end part of the stator 11, the fourth through hole 101 is communicated with the second cavity, air entering between the other winding end part of the stator 11 and the shell 7 is discharged to the second cavity, and finally the air is discharged through an air outlet of the volute of the expansion machine communicated with the second cavity.
That is, both the air for cooling the winding end of the stator 11 and the air for cooling the gap between the stator 11 and the rotor 1 enter the second cavity and are finally discharged through the air outlet of the expander scroll 4.
That is, both the air after the energy recovery of the expander and the air for cooling the motor are finally discharged through the air outlet of the expander scroll 4.
The air after cooling the motor is directly discharged through the air outlet of the volute 4 of the expander, so that the structure of an air outlet channel in the motor is simplified, and liquid water at the outlet of the volute 4 of the expander can be prevented from entering the motor.
The shell 7 of the motor is provided with a water cooling channel, the shell 7 of the motor is cooled by introducing cooling water into the water cooling channel, and meanwhile, the water cooling channel can also cool air introduced into the U-shaped cooling channel 71. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the U-shaped cooling channel 71 in this embodiment is close to the axis of the housing 7 with respect to the water cooling channel of the housing 7.
The U-shaped cooling channel 71 is used for introducing air from the primary air compressor and then reflowing to the primary air compressor through the U-shaped cooling channel 71.
In order to reduce the processing difficulty of the U-shaped cooling channel 71, the U-shaped cooling channel 71 and the housing 7 are integrally formed in the scheme.
In the scheme, a first cavity is formed between the motor and the primary air compressor, a second cavity is formed between the motor and the expansion machine, the closed end of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 cannot extend into the second cavity, and preferably, the distance between the closed end of the U-shaped cooling channel 71 and the rear end cover 10 is 30-50mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the U-shaped cooling passages 71 is plural, and the number of the first through holes 51 and the second through holes 61 is plural. The plurality of U-shaped cooling passages 71 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the casing 7, the second through holes 61 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the front end cover 6, the first through holes 51 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the one-stage diffuser 5, and the number of the U-shaped cooling passages 71, the number of the first through holes 51, and the number of the second through holes 61 are equal.
In the prior art, an expander diffuser is arranged on an expander volute 4 of an expander, a secondary diffuser is arranged on a secondary volute of a secondary air compressor, and a sealing disc is arranged between the expander diffuser and the secondary diffuser. Because the expander impeller 2 of the expander and the secondary impeller 3 of the secondary air compressor are arranged back to back, after the expander and the secondary air compressor are connected, the expander diffuser of the expander and the secondary diffuser of the secondary air compressor are respectively positioned on two sides of the sealing disc. The scheme designs the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the secondary diffuser into an integrally formed structure 12, the integrally formed structure 12 can realize the diffusion of the expander and the secondary air compressor and can also realize the sealing between the expander and the secondary air compressor, and the axial force of the whole machine can be adjusted.
The integrated structure 12 is relatively reduced in size relative to the mode of combining the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the secondary diffuser, so that the axial space occupied by the rotor 1 can be reduced to a certain extent, the design length of the rotor 1 can be shortened to a certain extent, and the rotating speed of the whole machine is improved.
In order to further improve the sealing performance between the expander and the secondary air compressor, the pressure ring 22 is arranged between the integrated forming structure 12 consisting of the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the secondary diffuser and the rotor 1, the pressure ring 22 is sleeved on the rotor, the integrated forming structure 12 is sleeved on the pressure ring 22, and the expander impeller, the pressure ring 22 and the secondary impeller are tightly pressed on the rotor through the locking nut.
In the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the pressing ring 22 is provided with sealing teeth on its outer periphery, the sealing teeth are in clearance fit with the inner ring of the integrally formed structure 12, and a gas seal is formed between the sealing teeth and the inner ring of the integrally formed structure 12.
In a second embodiment of the present disclosure, the inner ring of the integrally formed structure 12 is provided with a sealing tooth, the sealing tooth is in clearance fit with the pressing ring 22, and a gas seal is formed between the sealing tooth and the outer wall of the pressing ring 22.
When the air supply device works, a plurality of annular vortexes are formed between the pressing ring 22 or the sealing teeth on the integrated structure 12, and the sealing effect of the sealing structure is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the expander volute 4 and the second-stage volute 14 are both provided with a groove for mounting the integrally formed structure 12 composed of the expander diffuser and the second-stage diffuser, two sides of the integrally formed structure 12 composed of the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the second-stage diffuser in the axial direction are respectively fixedly connected with the expander volute 4 and the second-stage volute 14, when the expander volute, the integrally formed structure 12 composed of the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the second-stage diffuser do not rotate, and the pressure ring 22 rotates along with the rotor 1.
The compression ring 22 is in clearance fit with the integrated structure 12, and the two sides of the axis direction of the integrated structure 12 are communicated with the gap between the volute of the expansion machine and the second-stage volute 14, so that the axial force of the expansion machine and the second-stage air compressor can be adjusted. The seal between the pressure ring 22 and the integrated structure 12 is a gas seal.
The scheme also discloses a fuel cell stack which comprises a gas supply device 1000, wherein the gas supply device 1000 is the gas supply device 1000 described in any one of the schemes. Specifically, an air outlet of the fuel cell stack for discharging the exhaust gas is communicated with an air inlet of an expander volute 4 of an expander of the air supply device 1000, the expander can recover energy in the exhaust gas discharged by the fuel cell stack, and an air outlet of a secondary air compressor of the air supply device 1000 is communicated with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack for supplying high-pressure air to the fuel cell stack.
Since the gas supply device 1000 has the above technical effects, the fuel cell stack having the gas supply device 1000 also has the same technical effects, and will not be described herein again.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. An air supply device is characterized by comprising a primary air compressor, a motor, an expander and a secondary air compressor,
a first end of a rotor (1) of the motor is provided with a first-stage impeller (13) of the first-stage air compressor, a second end of the rotor (1) is provided with an expander impeller of the expander and a second-stage impeller of the second-stage air compressor, the expander impeller is close to the motor relative to the second-stage impeller, the expander impeller (2) and the second-stage impeller (3) are arranged back to back, an expander volute (4) of the expander is provided with an expander air inlet which can be communicated with an air outlet of a fuel cell stack for discharging waste gas, and the expander volute (4) is provided with an expander air outlet communicated with the atmosphere;
a first through hole (51) is formed in a first-stage diffuser (5) of the first-stage air compressor, and the first through hole (51) is formed in the axial direction of the first-stage diffuser (5);
a front end cover (6) of the motor is provided with a second through hole (61) communicated with the first through hole (51), and the second through hole (61) is formed along the axial direction of the front end cover (6);
a U-shaped cooling channel (71) is formed in a shell (7) of the motor, the U-shaped cooling channel (71) is formed along the axial direction of the shell (7), and one linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel (71) is communicated with the second through hole (61);
one side of a primary volute (8) of the primary air compressor, which is opposite to a shell (7) of the motor, one side of the shell (7) of the motor, which is opposite to the primary volute (8), the periphery of a front end cover (6) of the motor and the periphery of the primary diffuser (5) form an annular cavity (9), and the annular cavity (9) is communicated with the other linear channel of the U-shaped cooling channel (71);
a first annular groove is formed in one side, opposite to the front end cover (6), of a primary volute (8) of the primary air compressor, the first annular groove and the front end cover (6) are matched to form a first cavity for mounting a thrust disc (20) and a thrust bearing (21), a groove for communicating the annular cavity (9) with the first cavity is formed in the front end cover (6), and the first cavity is communicated with a gap between a rotor (1) and a stator (11) of the motor through a first radial air bearing (18) between the rotor (1) and the front end cover (6) of the motor and used for supplying air to the gap between the rotor (1) and the stator (11);
the rear end cover (10) of the motor is provided with a second annular groove on the side opposite to the expander volute (4) of the expander, a third annular groove is arranged on the side opposite to the rear end cover (10) of the expander, the second annular groove is communicated with the third annular groove, a second cavity is formed by the second annular groove and the third annular groove, the second cavity is communicated with a gap between the stator (11) and the rotor (1) through a second radial air bearing (19) between the rotor (1) and the rear end cover (10), and is used for discharging cooled air into the second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with an air outlet of the expander volute (4).
2. The gas supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end cover (6) is provided with a third through hole (62) corresponding to the winding end of the stator (11), the third through hole (62) is communicated with the first cavity,
and a fourth through hole (101) is formed in the position, corresponding to the winding end part of the stator (11), of the rear end cover (10), and the fourth through hole (101) is communicated with the second cavity.
3. Gas supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped cooling channel (71) is close to the axis of the housing (7) with respect to the water cooling channel of the housing (7).
4. Air supply device according to claim 1, characterised in that the U-shaped cooling channel (71) is formed integrally with the housing (7).
5. Air supply device according to claim 1, characterised in that the distance between the closed end of the U-shaped cooling channel (71) and the rear end cap (10) is 30-50mm.
6. Air supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said U-shaped cooling channels (71) is one or more and is distributed along the circumferential direction of said casing (7), the number of said U-shaped cooling channels (71) being equal to the number of said second through holes (61).
7. The air supply device according to claim 1, wherein the expander diffuser of the expander, the secondary diffuser of the secondary air compressor, and the sealing disc between the expander diffuser and the secondary diffuser are integrally formed (12), and the integrally formed structure (12) formed by the expander diffuser, the sealing disc and the secondary diffuser is connected with the secondary volute (14) of the secondary air compressor and the expander volute (4).
8. The gas supply device according to claim 7, wherein a pressure ring (22) is provided between the expander impeller (2) and the secondary impeller (3), the pressure ring (22) is sleeved on the rotor, the integrally formed structure (12) is sleeved on the pressure ring (22), the expander impeller (2), the pressure ring (22) and the secondary impeller (3) are pressed on the rotor through a locking nut (23),
the inner ring of the integrated structure (12) is provided with sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth are in clearance fit with the pressure ring (22);
or the outer wall of the pressing ring (22) is provided with sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth are in clearance fit with the inner ring of the integrated forming structure (12).
9. A fuel cell stack, comprising a gas supply device (1000), the gas supply device (1000) being the gas supply device (1000) according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
an air outlet of the fuel cell stack for discharging waste gas is communicated with an air inlet of an expander volute (4) of an expander of the air supply device (1000),
and an air inlet of the fuel cell stack for supplying compressed air is communicated with an air outlet of a secondary volute (14) of a secondary air compressor of the air supply device (1000).
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| CN113809356B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-04-12 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Fuel cell thermal management system |
| DE102021127333A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Ihi Charging Systems International Gmbh | Fuel cell charging system |
| DE102021127331A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Ihi Charging Systems International Gmbh | Fuel cell charging system |
| KR20230100184A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-05 | ㈜티앤이코리아 | Gas Cycle Heat Pump with Cooling Path |
| CN114645859A (en) * | 2022-05-02 | 2022-06-21 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Bilateral two-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander integrated system |
| CN114893419B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Integrated system of fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander |
| CN114865015A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-05 | 烟台东德实业有限公司 | Method for testing performance of fuel cell air compressor with expander |
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