CN112970840A - Fresh-keeping grain and its processing method - Google Patents
Fresh-keeping grain and its processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970840A CN112970840A CN202110146603.2A CN202110146603A CN112970840A CN 112970840 A CN112970840 A CN 112970840A CN 202110146603 A CN202110146603 A CN 202110146603A CN 112970840 A CN112970840 A CN 112970840A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
- A23B9/025—Preserving by heating with use of gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
A processing method for fresh keeping comprises the following steps: preprocessing grain raw materials to form embryo-remaining rice; feeding the germ-remaining rice into a continuous full-closed steam processing system, and performing rapid high-temperature sterilization and enzyme deactivation to form fresh-keeping germ rice; and packaging the fresh-keeping germ rice. According to the fresh-keeping germ rice, the purpose of preventing putrefaction and deterioration after long-time preservation is achieved, rice grains of the germ rice are not adhered to each other, the original form and the use mode of rice are maintained, and the health level of people is improved due to rich nutritional values of rice germs. And the continuous totally-enclosed steam processing system adopted in the processing process of the fresh-keeping germ-rice eliminates the leakage of steam in the processing process, can also avoid the contact of the germ-rice with outside air and condensed water in the processing process to the maximum extent, and prevents the germ-rice from being polluted or generating hydrolysis reaction in the processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to grains and a processing method thereof, in particular to fresh-keeping grains and a processing method thereof.
Background
The grain such as rice germ has protein and lipid content above 20%, amino acid composition in protein is balanced, natural vitamin E in lipid is about 200mg-300mg/100g, and fatty acid above 70% is unsaturated fatty acid, and has reasonable composition. In addition, the rice germ also contains various vitamins, dietary fibers and mineral substances, so the rice germ is a health food with rich nutrition. However, in the existing rice processing, in order to seek better taste, the polishing is thorough, so that the finished rice only has starch and a small amount of protein, and nutrient components such as cellulose, vitamins and the like are basically polished and removed. Accordingly, a germ-retaining rice (also called germ-retaining rice) capable of retaining germs in the finished rice and a method for processing the same have been sought. However, the germ in rice is active and easily spoils. In the rice processing process, the rice is in close contact with biological enzymes and microorganisms, especially when the processing temperature reaches 31-65 ℃, rice germs are easily polluted and can quickly start hydrolysis reaction, rancidity can occur in a short time, and the rice cannot be preserved for a long time, so that the rice with the germ cannot be eaten and cannot be stored for a long time.
The application of the invention patent No. 201810018592.8 discloses a process for preparing total nutrient germ rice, which comprises the steps of hulling and polishing brown rice, sterilizing at high temperature, aging, crushing, independently packaging, and combining with a bag containing rice for storage and sale. However, the product thus formed is still rice-germ rice, so that the product cannot be called germ rice in strict sense.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a fresh-keeping grain and a processing method thereof so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the invention, a processing method for preserving grains is provided, which comprises the following steps:
A. preprocessing grain raw materials to form embryo-remaining rice;
B. feeding the germ-remaining rice into a continuous full-closed steam processing system, and performing rapid high-temperature sterilization and enzyme deactivation to form fresh-keeping germ rice;
C. and packaging the fresh-keeping germ rice.
The continuous totally-enclosed steam processing system comprises a steam chamber, a front transition bin connected to the inlet end of the steam chamber, and a rear transition bin connected to the outlet end of the steam chamber, and is used for rapid high-temperature sterilization
The enzyme deactivation comprises the following steps:
B1. delivering the remained germ rice into a front transition bin;
B2. introducing steam into the front transition bin;
B3. feeding the germ-remaining rice in the front transition bin into the steam chamber;
B4. conveying the remained germ rice from the inlet end to the outlet end of the steam chamber through a conveyor belt, wherein the remained germ rice forms fresh germ rice in the steam chamber;
B5. introducing steam into the post-transition bin;
B6. delivering the fresh-keeping germ rice in the steam chamber into a post-transition bin;
B7. and delivering the preserved germ rice from the post-transition bin.
The temperature of the high-temperature sterilization and enzyme deactivation is controlled to be 110-150 ℃.
The time for the rapid sterilization and enzyme deactivation is controlled to be 20S to 120S.
The preprocessing comprises at least one of the following procedures: checking and accepting the raw materials; the brown rice enters a cleaning sieve to remove light impurities such as thread ends, dust and the like in the brown rice; performing dry type layering separation, removing the brown rice aleurone layer or part of brown rice aleurone layer through multi-pass grinding, and keeping embryo buds; screening broken rice in the milled rice with embryo in a rice screening sieve; selecting in color, screening yellow rice in the milled rice with embryo, and removing foreign matters such as white abdominal rice and pebbles in the milled rice with embryo.
The steam chamber, preceding transition storehouse and the inside conveyer belt that is provided with the conveying material in back transition storehouse, just the steam chamber with be provided with steam intercommunication pipeline between preceding transition storehouse and/or the back transition storehouse.
And the front transition bin and/or the rear transition bin are/is provided with an outer discharge device, and the outer discharge device comprises a drainage/evacuation pipeline and a drainage/evacuation valve.
And the front transition bin and the rear transition bin are provided with an inner gate at the port connected with the steam chamber, and an outer gate at the other port.
And sealing plates are arranged between the inner gate and the port and between the outer gate and the other port, and are used for tightly attaching the inner gate and the outer gate to the port.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a preserved grain made by the method as described above.
According to the fresh-keeping grain, the germ-remaining rice formed after preprocessing is sent into a continuous full-closed steam processing system, high-temperature sterilization and enzyme deactivation can be carried out on the germ-remaining rice for a short time, the effect of sterilization and enzyme deactivation can be achieved, the purpose of avoiding spoilage and deterioration after long-time preservation is achieved, rice grains of germ rice cannot be mutually adhered, the original form and use mode of the grain are maintained, and the health level of people is improved due to the fact that germs in the grain have rich nutritional values. And the continuous totally-enclosed steam processing system adopted in the processing process of the fresh-keeping grain eliminates the leakage of steam in the processing process, reduces the energy consumption, improves the production efficiency, realizes the full automation and intellectualization of the processing process of the fresh-keeping grain, can also avoid the contact of the germ rice with the outside air and condensed water in the processing process to the maximum extent, and prevents the germ rice from being polluted or generating hydrolysis reaction in the processing process.
Drawings
Other objects, advantages and effects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a preprocessing flow of fresh-keeping grains according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an overall schematic view showing a continuous type totally enclosed steam processing system employed in a fresh grain processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a front transition bin 2 of the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating one aft transition bin 3 of the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing fresh-keeping grains according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing fresh-keeping grains according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a preprocessing flow of fresh-keeping grains according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to the fresh-keeping grain of the invention, raw materials such as rice are preprocessed firstly. Referring to fig. 1, step S10, acceptance of a raw material, such as brown rice; step S11, a cleaning sieve is used for removing light impurities such as thread ends, dust and the like in the brown rice; step S12, dry layering and separating, removing the brown rice aleurone layer (or partially removing the brown rice aleurone layer, and customizing according to the user requirement) through multiple grinding, and keeping the germ; step S13, screening broken rice in the milled rice with embryo in a white rice sieve 1; step S14, selecting yellow rice in the milled rice with embryo in color selection 1; step S15, the rice is screened by a rice screen 2 to further screen broken rice in the germ rice; step S16, color sorting 2 is carried out, and foreign matters such as white abdominal rice and pebbles in the milled rice with embryo are removed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described pre-processing procedure for fresh-keeping of the germ-retaining rice is only an exemplary processing procedure, and that those skilled in the art may modify or increase or decrease the above-described procedure according to the requirement of the germ-retaining rice, and the result of the similar pre-processing should be the rice with germ retained, such as the rice with germ retained, which is also referred to as the germ-retaining rice hereinafter.
Fig. 2 is an overall schematic view showing a continuous type totally enclosed steam processing system employed in a fresh grain processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the continuous, totally enclosed, steam processing system according to the present invention includes a steam chamber 1, a front transition bin 2 connected to an inlet end 11 of the steam chamber 1, and a rear transition bin 3 connected to an outlet end 12 of the steam chamber 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a front transition bin 2 of the embodiment shown in fig. 2. With combined reference to fig. 2 and 3, the front transition bin 2 is provided with an inner shutter 21, for example at the port where it interfaces with the steam chamber 1, and an outer shutter 22 at the port where it receives the stalked rice (not shown). A conveyor 25 is provided between the outer shutter 22 and the inner shutter 21 to convey the remaining rice fed from the outer shutter 22 to the inner shutter 21 side and to the inside of the steam chamber 1 through the inner shutter 21. In a preferred embodiment, the inner gate 21 and the outer gate 22 are automatically lifted and lowered by the driving of the air cylinder. For example, when the remained embryo rice is sent into the front transition bin 2, the outer gate 22 is opened by the driving of the air cylinder, and after the remained embryo rice enters the front transition bin 2, the outer gate 22 is closed. Steam is then introduced into the front transition bin 2 until the pressure in the front transition bin 2 is in equilibrium with the pressure in the steam chamber 1. Preferably, a sealing plate (not shown) is disposed between the outer gate 22 and the inlet end of the front transition bin 2, and at this time, the outer gate 22 and the inlet end can be automatically sealed by adsorption due to a pressure difference between the front transition bin 2 and the outside. When the pressure in the current transition bin 2 is balanced with the pressure in the steam chamber 1, the inner gate 21 can be opened through the driving of the air cylinder, the germ-remaining rice is sent into the steam chamber 1 through the conveyor belt 25, the inner gate 21 is closed, and the next round of operation is performed in sequence. Preferably, the stay-embryo rice can be carried by a tray (not shown), for example, two trays containing the stay-embryo rice can be transported into the front transition bin 2 at a time.
In another preferred embodiment, an external discharge device is arranged at the bottom of the front transition bin 2, for example, air or condensed water in the bin can be discharged out of the bin. This is because, on the one hand, even if the steam pressure inside the front transition bin 2 reaches about 4kg during the processing, in this case, the outer lock 22 of the pallet cannot be opened when the pallet is to be introduced into the front transition bin 2. Therefore, the front transition bin 2 needs to be firstly decompressed by the outer discharge device. Preferably, the discharge device of the front transition bin 2 includes a drainage/evacuation pipe 23 and a drainage/evacuation valve 24, for example, so that the front transition bin 2 can be depressurized before the tray is fed to facilitate the opening of the outer gate 22, and the frequent opening and closing of the outer gate 22 increases the amount of air and condensed water inside the front transition bin 2, so that the drainage/evacuation valve 24 needs to be opened for a certain time and then closed when the steam is introduced, so as to discharge the steam through the drainage/evacuation pipe 23 in good time. On the other hand, the front transition bin 2 adopts strict sealing measures and a drainage/emptying pipeline 23 and a valve 24 thereof, so that the germ-remaining rice input into the continuous totally-closed steam processing system can be prevented from contacting with the outside air and condensed water to the maximum extent, and the germ-remaining rice is prevented from being polluted or generating hydrolysis reaction in the process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating one aft transition bin 3 of the embodiment shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2 and 4 in combination, as with the arrangement of the front transition bin 2, the rear transition bin 3 is provided with an inner gate 31 at a port interfacing with the steam chamber 1, for example, and an outer gate 32 at a port outputting milled rice (not shown). A conveyor 25 is also provided between the inner gate 31 and the outer gate 32 to convey the tray loaded with the germ-laden rice, which is discharged from the steam chamber 1, to the outer gate 32 and is discharged outside through the outer gate 32. Preferably, an external discharge device is also arranged at the bottom of the rear transition bin 3, and the external discharge device comprises a discharge/evacuation pipeline 23 and a discharge/evacuation valve 24. Preferably, the inner gate 31 of the rear transition bin 3 is also provided with a sealing plate 26 at the end that interfaces with the steam chamber 1, and preferably, a sealing plate (not shown) is also provided between the outer gate 32 of the rear transition bin 3 and the outlet end of the rear transition bin 3, which functions and functions in the same way as described above for the front transition bin 2.
With continued reference to fig. 2 to 4, the steam chamber 1 is, for example, a 10-meter long tank 10 in which a steam inlet header valve 17 is provided. Preferably, the can body 10 is, for example, circular in cross-section, for example, 13 meters in length. In another preferred embodiment, the can body 10 is rectangular in cross-section, for example, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the specific shape, length, volume, etc. of the can body 10 may be varied according to manufacturing requirements and site conditions. The interior of the can body 10 is provided with a conveyor belt 13 for conveying a tray entering the inlet end 11 of the steam chamber 1 from the front transition bin 2 to the interior of the can body 10, and the germ-remaining rice in the tray is conveyed to the rear transition bin 3 through the outlet end 12 of the steam chamber 1 by the conveyor belt 13 after being sterilized and enzyme-deactivated by steam in the interior of the can body 10. The conveyor belt 13 includes, for example, a long chain 131 provided on a drive wheel and a rack 132 provided on the long chain 131. Preferably, the upper side of the tank 10 is provided with a manual service and cleaning port 18. Obviously, the port 18 may be provided on other sides of the can body 10.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the steam chamber 1, the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 are respectively provided with material conveying belts (13, 25) comprising conveying chains and a net rack, wherein the conveying belts are controlled by independent motors to operate, so that the operation and the control are simpler and more convenient, and the net rack adopts a grid structure to increase the friction force between the net rack and the tray, so that the conveying of the tray is more stable.
The front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 are for example both provided with steam communication ducts 4 and may be in communication with each other, i.e. they may both be connected to the inside of the steam chamber 1 by means of a common steam communication duct 4'. Correspondingly, for example, a steam main vent valve 45 is provided at the location where the vent pipe 4' connects to the steam chamber 1, and for example, vent pipe valves 41 are provided at locations near the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3, respectively. According to the embodiment, the front transition bin and the rear transition bin can be communicated with each other through the steam serial pipeline 4', and the system can feed the steam which is originally discharged in the front transition bin 2/the rear transition bin 3 to the rear transition bin 3/the front transition bin 2 in time so as to fully utilize energy and prevent the steam from being directly discharged. Preferably, when the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3 are led in/out steam through the steam communicating pipe 4', if the steam volume and pressure in the bins are insufficient, the steam communicating main valve 45 can be opened, so that the steam can be led out to the front and rear transition bins from the inside of the steam chamber 1. Preferably, for example, pressure sensors and temperature sensors (not shown) are provided inside the front and rear transition bins 2 and 3, so that the main steam communication valve 45 can be opened to supplement the steam into the front transition bin 2 and/or the rear transition bin 3 when the pressure or temperature inside the bins is insufficient.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing fresh-keeping grains according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the rapid pasteurization and enzyme inactivation includes the following steps: step S50, introducing steam into the steam chamber; step S51, conveying the remained germ rice into a front transition bin; step S52, introducing steam into the front transition bin; step S53, conveying the germ-remaining rice in the front transition bin into a steam chamber; step S54, conveying the remained germ rice from the inlet end to the outlet end of the steam chamber through a conveyor belt, wherein the remained germ rice forms fresh germ rice in the steam chamber; step S55, introducing steam into a rear transition bin; step S56, delivering the fresh-keeping germ rice in the steam chamber into a rear transition bin; and step S57, delivering the fresh-keeping germ rice from the rear transition bin.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing fresh-keeping grains according to another embodiment of the present invention. With combined reference to fig. 2 to 6, step S1, is the system determine whether the pressure in the front transition chamber 2 is balanced with the pressure in the steam chamber 1? If yes, the system opens the inner gate 21 of the front transition bin 2 in step S2, the tray with the remaining embryo rice is fed into the steam chamber 1 from the front transition bin 2, and the inner gate 21 is closed. In step S3, the system opens the steam communication valves 41 of the front transition bin 2 and the rear transition bin 3, so as to introduce the steam in the front transition bin 2 into the rear transition bin 3, and simultaneously opens the drainage/evacuation valve 41 of the rear transition bin 3 at time t1, preferably, t1 is, for example, about 10S. In step S4, the system determines whether the opening time of the drain/empty valve 41 of the rear transition bin 3 has reached t 1? If so, the system closes the drain/drain valve 41 at step S5. Then, in step S6, the system continues to determine whether the pressure in the post-transition bin 3 is balanced with the pressure in the steam chamber 1? If so, the system closes the steam vent valve 41 and opens the inner shutter 31 of the rear transition bin 3 at step S7, and closes the inner shutter 31 after the tray is sent out from the steam chamber 1 to the rear transition bin 3. And step S8, the system opens the outer gate 22 of the front transition bin 2, and closes the outer gate 22 after the tray loaded with the germ-remaining rice is input into the front transition bin 2. In step S9, the system opens the steam communication valves 41 of the rear transition bin 3 and the front transition bin 2, so as to introduce the steam in the rear transition bin 3 into the front transition bin 2, and simultaneously opens the drainage/evacuation valve 41 of the front transition bin 2 at time t2, preferably, t2 is, for example, about 10S. In step S10, the system determines whether the opening time of the drain/empty valve 41 of the front transition bin 2 has reached t 2? If so, the system closes the drain/exhaust valve 41, opens the outer gate 32 of the rear transition bin 3, and closes the outer gate 32 after outputting the processed fresh-keeping germinated rice to the outside at step S11. Next, the system returns to step S1 to continue the next cycle.
And the time t1 and the time t2 are set, so that the steam in the rear/front transition bin is introduced into the front/rear transition bin through the series pipeline to purge the air and a part of water vapor in the front/rear transition bin out of the bin.
In the processing method for preserving grains according to the present invention, the data of the relationship between the steam temperature inside the steam chamber 1 and the time of the germ rice undergoing sterilization and enzyme deactivation in the steam chamber 1 may be determined according to different grain varieties and processing environments, for example, the steam temperature may be selected to be 110 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the time of the germ rice undergoing sterilization and enzyme deactivation may be selected to be 20 seconds to 120 seconds. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned fresh-keeping grain means all kinds of grain containing germs, including brown rice, corn, sorghum, oat, wheat, etc.
Various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art based on the teachings herein, but are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method for preserving grains comprises the following steps:
A. preprocessing grain raw materials to form embryo-remaining rice;
B. feeding the germ-remaining rice into a continuous full-closed steam processing system, and performing rapid high-temperature sterilization and enzyme deactivation to form fresh-keeping germ rice;
C. and packaging the fresh-keeping germ rice.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the continuous closed steam processing system comprises a steam chamber, a front transition compartment connected to an inlet end of the steam chamber, and a rear transition compartment connected to an outlet end of the steam chamber, and the rapid pasteurization enzyme deactivation comprises the steps of:
B1. delivering the remained germ rice into a front transition bin;
B2. introducing steam into the front transition bin;
B3. feeding the germ-remaining rice in the front transition bin into the steam chamber;
B4. conveying the remained germ rice from the inlet end to the outlet end of the steam chamber through a conveyor belt, wherein the remained germ rice forms fresh germ rice in the steam chamber;
B5. introducing steam into the post-transition bin;
B6. delivering the fresh-keeping germ rice in the steam chamber into a post-transition bin;
B7. and delivering the preserved germ rice from the post-transition bin.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the pasteurization enzyme deactivation is controlled at 110 ℃ to 150 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the time for rapid sterilization and enzyme deactivation is controlled to be 20S to 120S.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preprocessing comprises at least one of: checking and accepting the raw materials; the brown rice enters a cleaning sieve to remove light impurities such as thread ends, dust and the like in the brown rice; performing dry type layering separation, removing the brown rice aleurone layer or part of brown rice aleurone layer through multi-pass grinding, and keeping embryo buds; screening broken rice in the milled rice with embryo in a rice screening sieve; selecting in color, screening yellow rice in the milled rice with embryo, and removing foreign matters such as white abdominal rice and pebbles in the milled rice with embryo.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the steam chamber, the front transition bin and the rear transition bin are internally provided with conveyor belts for conveying materials, and a steam communicating pipe is arranged between the steam chamber and the front transition bin and/or the rear transition bin.
7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising an external discharge device disposed at the front transition bin and/or the rear transition bin, the external discharge device comprising a drain/evacuation pipe and a drain/evacuation valve.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the front transition bin and the rear transition bin are provided with an inner shutter at a port connected to the steam chamber and an outer shutter at the other port.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein a sealing plate is disposed between the inner gate and the port and between the outer gate and the other port to abut the inner gate and the outer gate against the port.
10. A preserved grain, characterized in that it is produced by the method of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN111644221A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 宋明 | Production process of high-quality germ rice |
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| CN2786995Y (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-06-14 | 殷小春 | Tunnel type boiling machine |
| CN208354203U (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-01-11 | 黑龙江省乐丰科技有限公司 | Continous way edible fungi material Full automatic sterilizing machine |
| CN110906725A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-03-24 | 湖北省农业机械工程研究设计院 | Sectional feeding continuous low-pressure superheated steam drying equipment and drying method |
| CN111644221A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-11 | 宋明 | Production process of high-quality germ rice |
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