CN112941378B - Low-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Low-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy Download PDF

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CN112941378B
CN112941378B CN202110095769.6A CN202110095769A CN112941378B CN 112941378 B CN112941378 B CN 112941378B CN 202110095769 A CN202110095769 A CN 202110095769A CN 112941378 B CN112941378 B CN 112941378B
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aluminum alloy
aging
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CN112941378A (en
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周晶哲
刘才兴
范宝华
梁豪辉
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Guangdong Qili Aomei High Tech Materials Co ltd
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GUANGDONG AOMEI ALUMINUM CO Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a slow-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy which is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.35-0.39% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03% of Cu, 0.02-0.04% of Mn, 0.49-0.53% of Mg0.03%, less than or equal to 0.03% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02% of Ti, 0.08-0.10% of Sn, 0.04-0.06% of Ce, 0.02-0.04% of La0.015% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.10% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al. According to the invention, through adjusting the components of the 6-series aluminum alloy, the formation of MgSi atomic clusters in the natural aging process is inhibited by using Sn element, so that the increase of the aluminum alloy strength in the natural aging process is avoided, and the effect of slow natural aging is achieved; thus, the process flow of the aluminum alloy profile can be simplified to: the extrusion section bar- > forging- > aging- > CNC processing greatly saves the CNC processing cost, also saves the extra cost of heat treatment, and accelerates the production speed of finished products.

Description

Low-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a slow-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy.
Background
Along with the increase of aluminum alloy deep-processing application, a lot of aluminum alloy section bars are not only milled by using pure CNC machining when the shaping is processed, but are matched with forging and pressing and a small amount of CNC machining to achieve the same effect, so that the processing cost can be greatly saved by the process flow, and the processing time is reduced, and the product price or the delivery time is greatly benefited.
The processing process flow of the aluminum alloy section matched with forging and pressing and a small amount of CNC (computerized numerical control) processing is generally as follows: extruding the section bar- > annealing- > forging- > solution treatment- > aging- > CNC processing. The reason why annealing is combined with secondary solution treatment is mainly that although the hardness of the T4-state extruded section is very low when the extrusion is completed, the hardness is increased due to natural aging in the placing process, and when the rapid processing time cannot be met, the problems of cracking, insufficient local filling and the like in the forging process due to too high hardness of the section can be caused, so that the product is scrapped. And in the process of secondary solution treatment, material deformation is easily caused due to high temperature, so that subsequent CNC (computer numerical control) processing is influenced.
In the prior art, the method for reducing the natural aging hardness of the aluminum alloy section mainly comprises the steps of reducing the content of alloy elements or adjusting an extrusion process. However, if the hardness in the natural aging process is reduced by simply reducing the content of alloy elements or adjusting the extrusion process, the strength after aging is insufficient due to insufficient content of solid solution Mg and Si when the aging is carried out after forging and pressing, and the final performance required by the product cannot be achieved.
Therefore, it is very important to develop an aluminum alloy material which has a low natural aging speed, can maintain low hardness for a long time, and can quickly reach the required strength after forging and aging.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a 6-series aluminum alloy having low hardness, low natural aging speed and high strength after high-temperature aging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A slow-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.35-0.39% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03% of Cu, 0.02-0.04% of Mn, 0.49-0.53% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.03% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02% of Ti, 0.08-0.10% of Sn, 0.04-0.06% of Ce, 0.02-0.04% of La, less than or equal to 0.015% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.10% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, uniformly stirring, refining, degassing, standing to precipitate impurities, filtering residual impurities in the aluminum liquid, and casting the aluminum liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot; 2) homogenizing, and transferring the cast ingot to a cooling chamber for cooling after homogenizing; 3) carrying out surface brushing or peeling treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot surface; 4) heating the brush rod or the peeled aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then putting the heated aluminum alloy cast ingot into an extruder for extrusion forming; 5) performing rapid quenching and cooling after extruding; 6) the extruded section is placed for one month for forging and pressing, and the extruded section is subjected to high-temperature aging after being processed.
More preferably, in the step 1), an electromagnetic stirring device is used for stirring, a refining agent is used for refining and degassing, and the standing time is 30-60 minutes.
More preferably, in step 1), the filtration uses a 40-60 mesh ceramic filter plate.
More preferably, in step 2), the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 540-560 ℃ and the homogenization time is 4-6 hours.
More preferably, in the step 4), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot is controlled to be between 450 ℃ and 520 ℃.
More preferably, in step 5), the cooling rate of the rapid quenching cooling is ensured to be 200 ℃/min or more.
More preferably, in the step 6), the high-temperature aging is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 180-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adjusting the components of the 6-series aluminum alloy and utilizing Sn element to inhibit the formation of MgSi atomic clusters in the natural aging process, the strength of the aluminum alloy is prevented from being increased during natural aging, and the effect of slow natural aging is achieved. Particularly, when the formation of MgSi atomic clusters is inhibited, the ratio of Sn element to Mg element to Si element is important, if the content of Sn element is too large, the hardness of the aluminum alloy profile after high-temperature aging is insufficient, and if the content of Sn element is too low, the effect of slow natural aging is not obvious, so that the hardness rise span during natural aging is large.
Experiments prove that the hardness of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method is lower than that of the traditional 6063 aluminum alloy, the natural aging speed is slow (the change span of the hardness of the aluminum alloy is small), the hardness of the aluminum alloy can be obviously increased after high-temperature aging, and the hardness of the aluminum alloy after high-temperature aging can reach or even be better than that of the existing 6063 aluminum alloy. In addition, after the aluminum alloy prepared by the method is placed for 30 days, the maximum hardness of natural aging is only 41HV, which is almost the same as that of the newly prepared 6063 aluminum alloy, so that the problems of forging cracking, insufficient local filling and the like caused by hardness increase are effectively avoided; after the product is placed for 30 days, the forging yield is still over 96 percent, which is far superior to the existing 6063 series aluminum alloy. Thus, the invention can simplify the process flow of the aluminum alloy section bar to: the extrusion section bar- > forging- > aging- > CNC processing greatly saves the CNC processing cost, also saves the extra cost of heat treatment, and accelerates the production speed of finished products.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention, so that the technical solutions and the advantages thereof of the present invention are more clear and definite. The following description of the embodiments is exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
A slow-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.35-0.39% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03% of Cu, 0.02-0.04% of Mn, 0.49-0.53% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.03% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02% of Ti, 0.08-0.10% of Sn, 0.04-0.06% of Ce, 0.02-0.04% of La, less than or equal to 0.015% of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.10% of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy provided by the invention adopts the ratio of Sn, Mg and Si with specific contents, and Sn element and vacancy are preferentially combined after the aluminum alloy profile is extruded and formed, so that MgSi is free of vacancy combination and cannot form atom clusters, and the natural aging process is inhibited; meanwhile, in the aging high-temperature stage, the Sn element can be completely separated from the vacancy, so that MgSi can be smoothly combined with the vacancy to start nucleation to start an aging process, and the strength after final aging is not influenced.
In the invention, the Ce element and the La element are used for combining with hydrogen to form hydride in the smelting process, so that the hydrogen content is reduced, and the purifying and impurity removing effects are ensured; according to the slag gas accompanying principle, the impurity content in the melt can be reduced, and the problem of local deformation caused by uneven local flow velocity in the forging process is reduced.
The preparation steps of the aluminum alloy are as follows.
1. Adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, uniformly stirring by using an electromagnetic stirring device, refining and degassing by using a refining agent, standing for 30-60 minutes to precipitate impurities, degassing by using an online degassing system, filtering residual impurities in the aluminum liquid by using a 40-60-mesh ceramic filter plate, and casting the aluminum liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot. By adopting the smelting process and combining with alloy component adjustment, the purification and impurity removal effects are effectively ensured, and local deformation difference during forging and pressing is avoided.
2. Placing the cast aluminum alloy ingot in a homogenizing furnace, homogenizing at 540-560 ℃ for 4-6 h, transferring the ingot to a cooling chamber after homogenizing, and cooling by using a fan.
3. And (3) carrying out surface bar brushing or peeling treatment on the surface of the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot, so as to avoid the influence on the forging and pressing effect caused by the fact that impurities of a surface segregation layer are involved into the section bar in the extrusion process.
4. Heating the brush bar or the peeled aluminum alloy ingot by using a gas furnace, controlling the heating temperature of the aluminum bar at 450-520 ℃, avoiding incomplete solid solution of low-temperature MgSi, and putting the heated aluminum bar or the peeled aluminum alloy ingot into an extruder for extrusion forming.
5. After the extruded material is subjected to air cooling or water cooling rapid quenching cooling according to the thickness of the profile, the cooling speed is ensured to be more than or equal to 200 ℃/min, and the purpose is to prevent the Mg2Si from being precipitated in a large amount in the quenching process to influence the performance after aging.
6. The extruded section can be subjected to forging and pressing working procedure processing within one month, after the processing, the extruded section is subjected to artificial aging, the aging temperature is 180-190 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 4-6 hours.
Examples 1-3 and comparative examples.
The ratios of the aluminum alloy raw materials of the slow natural aging 6 series provided in examples 1 to 3 and the ratios of the aluminum alloy raw materials provided in the comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Table 1 shows the composition (mass%) of the aluminum alloy raw materials of examples 1 to 3.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And (5) comparing the performances.
Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples provide performance pairs of aluminum alloys as shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 hardness comparison of the profiles.
Figure 24212DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
TABLE 3 comparison of yield of the section forging.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has relatively low hardness and slow natural aging speed (the change span of the aluminum alloy hardness is small), the hardness can be obviously increased after high-temperature aging, and the hardness after high-temperature aging can reach or even be superior to that of the existing 6063 series aluminum alloy. In addition, after the aluminum alloy prepared by the method is placed for 30 days, the maximum hardness of natural aging is only 41HV, which is almost the same as that of the newly prepared 6063 aluminum alloy, so that the problems of forging cracking, insufficient local filling and the like caused by hardness increase are effectively avoided; after the product is placed for 30 days, the forging yield is still over 96 percent, which is far superior to the existing 6063 series aluminum alloy. Thus, the process flow of the aluminum alloy section bar can be simplified to: the extrusion section bar- > forging- > aging- > CNC processing greatly saves the CNC processing cost, also saves the extra cost of heat treatment, and accelerates the production speed of finished products.
From the above description of the principles, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that modifications and substitutions based on the known techniques in the art are within the scope of the present invention. Details not described in the detailed description are prior art or common general knowledge.

Claims (5)

1. The slow-speed natural aging 6-series aluminum alloy is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.35 to 0.39 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Mn, 0.49 to 0.53 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.08 to 0.10 percent of Sn, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Ce, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of La, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of impurity in total, and the balance of Al;
the preparation steps are as follows:
1) adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, uniformly stirring, refining, degassing, standing to precipitate impurities, filtering residual impurities in the aluminum liquid, and casting the aluminum liquid into an aluminum alloy ingot;
2) homogenizing, and transferring the cast ingot to a cooling chamber for cooling after homogenizing;
3) carrying out surface brushing or peeling treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot surface;
4) heating the brush rod or the peeled aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then putting the heated aluminum alloy cast ingot into an extruder for extrusion forming;
5) carrying out rapid quenching cooling after the extruded material, wherein the cooling speed of the rapid quenching cooling is more than or equal to 200 ℃/min;
6) the extruded section is subjected to forging and pressing procedures within one month, and the extruded section is subjected to high-temperature aging after being processed; the high-temperature aging is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 180-190 ℃, and the aging heat preservation time is 4-6 hours.
2. The slow-speed natural aging 6 series aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), an electromagnetic stirring device is used for stirring, a refining agent is used for refining and degassing, and the standing time is 30-60 minutes.
3. The slow natural aging 6 series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), a 40-60 mesh ceramic filter plate is used for filtering.
4. The slow-aging 6-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 540-560 ℃, and the homogenization time is 4-6 hours.
5. The slow-aging 6-series aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot in the step 4) is controlled to be 450-520 ℃.
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US20170175231A1 (en) * 2014-03-31 2017-06-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Aluminum alloy plate having excellent moldability and bake finish hardening properties
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Address after: 528137 one of 21 Qili Avenue South, Leping Town, Sanshui District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province (F1)

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Patentee before: GUANGDONG AOMEI ALUMINUM Co.,Ltd.