CN112940767B - Harmless high-carbon conversion method for non-meal domestic garbage, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Harmless high-carbon conversion method for non-meal domestic garbage, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-meal domestic garbage and a product thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thermoplastic polymer material with the weight ratio of more than 10 percent in the non-meal domestic garbage is utilized, or the thermoplastic polymer material is additionally added to ensure that the weight ratio of the thermoplastic polymer material in the non-meal domestic garbage is more than 10 percent, and one or more of devolatilization, dechlorination, partial carbonization, increase of the bulk ratio, formation of a special hole structure and granulation are completed in plastic processing equipment under the conditions of vacuumizing, high temperature, shearing force, compression, expansion foaming and wrapping and bonding of a thermoplastic polymer material melt in the presence or absence of an auxiliary agent, so that the high-carbon-content solid material is obtained. The invention also provides the application of the high-carbon-content solid material as a high-calorific-value fuel or a high-value chemical product obtained by gasifying, liquefying and/or chemically converting the high-carbon-content solid material into the high-value chemical product in a coal chemical industry process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-meal household garbage, and a product and application thereof.
Background
The domestic garbage is a byproduct of human life, and is produced in large quantity every day, and the production quantity of the domestic garbage per person is continuously improved along with the development of social economy and the improvement of the living standard of people. Since the domestic garbage has complex components, higher recycling cost and lack of economic benefit, the domestic garbage is basically treated by landfill and incineration as main treatment modes. But the landfill occupies more land, the land which can be used as a refuse landfill is less and less, and the landfill domestic refuse pollutes the environment; the garbage incineration is another treatment mode which is applied more, but the combustion value of the household garbage is not high, the economic benefit as a fuel is not high, and the more serious problem is that the garbage incineration treatment is easy to generate high carcinogen dioxin, the dioxin exceeding standard at the periphery of a garbage incineration plant can be caused, and the social attention is attracted. The leftover food garbage is easy to degrade and can be effectively treated and utilized as compost, but the non-leftover food garbage is still treated in an incineration mode basically due to complex components, the recovery of high added value cannot be realized, and the economic benefit is difficult to generate, so that the treatment of the non-leftover food garbage is trapped in the dilemma of no self-hematopoietic generation and difficult continuous development. Therefore, the method is necessary for researching the high added value recovery of the non-meal domestic garbage and realizing the economic benefit of garbage recovery.
For the high-value recovery of non-meal domestic garbage, the composition of the non-meal domestic garbage needs to be known. According to statistics, the non-meal domestic garbage comprises the following components: 30% of paper, 20% of rubber and plastic, 8% of fiber, 10% of bamboo and wood, 8% of glass, 8% of metal, 8% of dust and 8% of water and other volatile components, wherein the proportion of the components can be changed along with different garbage, and meanwhile, a large amount of waste compounded by a plurality of materials, such as paper-plastic composite materials, aluminum-plastic composite materials and the like, exists in the materials, so that the components of the garbage are more complex, and the difficulty in treatment is increased. Among them, glass, metal and dust are inorganic components, and are easily separated due to their large specific gravity, and others are organic components. The organic components mostly contain carbon and hydrogen elements and have the highest economic value, and the components can be combusted, which is also the reason that the components can be treated by burning. But the carbon-containing organic matters are only used as fuels, do not fully represent the economic value of the carbon-containing organic matters, and belong to the lowest-end recycling application. The organic components can realize the recycling of high added values, such as preparing fuel gas and fuel oil with high economic value through high-temperature gasification and liquefaction, or converting the organic components into chemical products with high added values through chemical catalytic reaction. The conversion is achieved by mature chemical processes, such as mature coal chemical processes, which can be used with existing equipment, but the premise is that the raw materials must meet the requirements of the processes, such as high carbon content, control of moisture content, control of the content of components that are toxic to the catalyst, the bulk ratio of the raw materials, and special pore structure, particle morphology, etc. The existing treatment of the household garbage basically only comprises simple treatment, such as primary separation, separation of inorganic components such as metal and glass, moisture control and crushing. The materials after simple treatment cannot meet the requirement of raw materials for high value-added transformation, so that the existing process and equipment cannot be directly utilized for recycling the household garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems and the defects in the field, the invention provides a harmless high-carbon conversion method for non-food domestic garbage, which can be used for preparing a high-carbon-content solid material meeting the high-value conversion process requirement of the domestic garbage, realizing the high-added-value recovery of the domestic garbage and embodying the economic benefit of the recovery of the domestic garbage.
In order to realize the non-toxic/harmless high-carbon conversion of non-meal domestic garbage, the inventor carries out deep research on the component characteristics of the domestic garbage and related recovery processes. The domestic garbage contains a large amount of organic matter components, mainly carbon elements, and the elements have high recycling value and can be recycled. In the chemical industry, the industry using carbon as a main raw material mainly includes coal gasification and coal chemical industry, and the processes mainly use the carbon therein to prepare fuel or chemical products with high added value under the action of a catalyst and the like at a certain temperature and pressure. In these processes, the requirements placed on the raw materials are: (1) In order to prevent catalyst poisoning, components with toxic effects in raw materials are reduced as much as possible, and the chlorine content is mainly controlled; (2) In order to improve the efficiency of the reactor, the raw materials have certain bulk density; (3) higher carbon content; (4) In order to increase the efficiency of the catalyst, the feedstock is required to have a specific pore structure and porosity.
The non-meal garbage can not meet the requirements of the prior art on raw materials even after some treatments, such as sorting, dehydration, crushing and the like, and has the following problems: (1) The plastic components in the non-meal garbage exist in a certain amount due to the use of a large amount of polyvinyl chloride, so that a treatment catalyst is poisoned; (2) the garbage is fluffy and has low bulk density; (3) The garbage contains other elements besides carbon, and the carbon content is insufficient; (4) it does not have a specific pore structure and porosity. Therefore, the non-meal waste needs to be treated to realize high-value recovery by utilizing the existing carbon conversion process technology.
In the treatment method, by using the conventional high-temperature gasification device and process in the field, due to the lack of functions of strong shearing, compression, foaming and the like, the treated materials still have the problems of overhigh chlorine content, low bulk ratio, difficult control of carbonization, incapability of obtaining materials with satisfactory porosity and the like, so a new treatment method needs to be researched.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-meal domestic garbage, which comprises the following steps: utilizing the thermoplastic polymer material with the weight ratio of more than 10 percent in the non-meal domestic garbage, or additionally adding the thermoplastic polymer material to ensure that the weight ratio of the thermoplastic polymer material in the non-meal domestic garbage is more than 10 percent, and utilizing the functions of vacuumizing, high temperature, shearing force, compression, expansion and foaming and the wrapping and bonding of the thermoplastic polymer material melt in plastic processing equipment in the presence or absence of an auxiliary agent to complete one or more of devolatilization, dechlorination, partial carbonization, increase of stacking ratio, formation of a special hole structure and granulation so as to obtain a high-carbon-content solid material;
the auxiliary agent comprises at least one of a catalyst and a foaming agent for promoting the decomposition of the garbage components.
The inventor surprisingly finds that the non-meal domestic garbage is subjected to devolatilization, dechlorination, partial carbon formation, increase in bulk ratio, formation of a special hole structure and granulation by utilizing a thermoplastic polymer material which is added or added in the non-meal domestic garbage, under the conditions of high temperature, shearing force, compression and foaming in a plastic processing device such as a double-screw extruder and the like under the conditions of certain processes and utilizing the melt bonding effect of the thermoplastic polymer material in the presence or absence of an auxiliary agent, so that the high-carbon-content material with high bulk ratio, special structure and no toxic and harmful components is obtained. The materials can directly utilize the existing carbon conversion process technology and equipment to realize coal gasification or prepare chemical products, and realize high-value recovery. In plastic processing equipment such as a double-screw extruder and the like, chemical reactions such as dechlorination, carbonization and the like can be generated, the morphological structure of materials is changed, and the continuous production has higher production efficiency than that of the traditional reactor.
The non-meal domestic garbage contains metal, glass, dust and the like due to complex components and different sizes, and is preferably subjected to pretreatment mainly comprising sorting, dehydration and crushing before being treated by plastic processing equipment. Sorting may be by magnetic separation of metals; the garbage is classified according to specific gravity difference through flotation and air separation, and inorganic components such as glass, ceramics, dust and the like are removed. And removing free water in the garbage by using squeezing or centrifugal equipment. The garbage is crushed to a certain size by using crushing equipment, so that the materials can be conveniently added into the plastic processing equipment.
Preferably, the non-meal domestic garbage is subjected to sorting, dewatering and crushing in advance, and then is mixed with a thermoplastic high polymer material or is directly added into plastic processing equipment;
the dehydration means that the water content in the non-meal domestic garbage is reduced to be less than 10 wt%;
the crushing means that the non-meal household garbage is crushed to 2-4 cm.
The harmless high-carbon conversion method of the non-meal domestic garbage ensures that the proportion of the high-temperature plasticized thermoplastic polymer material in the domestic garbage is more than 10 percent (by weight). Thermoplastic polymer materials, which are generally carbon-containing organic polymer compounds, preferably chlorine-free polyolefin materials, do not contain harmful components, can withstand higher temperatures by themselves, form melts at high temperatures, have the functions of wrapping, agglomerating and bonding various components in garbage, can effectively change the bulk ratio of the garbage, and meanwhile, the melts have fluidity, can be transported in plastic processing equipment, and can be carbonized at high temperatures. According to research, the ratio of the weight of the plasticized thermoplastic polymer material to the weight of the garbage is more than 10%, so that effective wrapping and bonding effects can be realized, and fluidity can be provided.
The thermoplastic polymer material can be waste or fresh raw materials, and is preferably waste from the cost perspective; can be additionally added or can be owned by the household garbage. The garbage contains high-molecular material wastes with a high proportion, the high-molecular material comprises a thermoplastic high-molecular material and a thermosetting high-molecular material, and the thermosetting high-molecular material belongs to a cross-linked high-molecular material and cannot be melted at high temperature, so that the wrapping and bonding effects cannot be provided, the flowability cannot be provided, and the plasticized thermoplastic high-molecular material is required.
Further preferably, the chlorine-free polyolefin material comprises at least one of Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
In addition, in order to promote dechlorination and carbonization, some catalysts can be added, and the addition amount is preferably 0.1-5% of the weight of the non-meal household garbage. These catalysts include at least one of an acidic compound, a basic compound, and a compound that can generate an acidic substance during the high temperature process.
In some preferred examples, the acidic compound includes at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and the like.
In other preferred embodiments, the alkaline compound includes sodium hydroxide and the like.
In other preferred examples, the compound capable of generating an acidic substance during the high temperature process includes at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, diethyl hypophosphite, melamine polyphosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and the like.
In the presence of these catalysts, the decomposition of the material can be further promoted, and the carbon content can be increased under the same process conditions.
In order to control the porosity, a foaming agent can be added, preferably at least one of an AC foaming agent, liquid hydrocarbon, white oil and the like, and the addition amount is preferably 0.1-8% of the weight of the non-meal household garbage. The porosity and bulk density of the particles can be effectively regulated and controlled through the foaming action of the foaming agent. The liquid hydrocarbons include cycloalkanes, aromatics, olefins, and the like.
The plastic processing equipment comprises one or a combination of a plurality of double-screw extruder, single-screw extruder, internal mixer, open mill and the like, can realize the effects of high temperature, strong shearing force, compression, foaming and the like on garbage materials, and has higher efficiency. The thermoplastic polymer material is firstly melted and plasticized into a melt, non-plasticized components in the garbage are wrapped, compressed and bonded, the bulk ratio is improved, and meanwhile, devolatilization, dechlorination, carbonization, expansion foaming can be completed at high temperature to realize a special hole structure, and the thermoplastic polymer material can be made into particles according to requirements. Of these plastic processing apparatuses, a twin-screw extruder is preferable, and the twin-screw extruder includes a parallel co-rotating twin-screw extruder, a parallel counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, a conical twin-screw extruder, and the like, and is preferably a parallel twin-screw extruder. In actual operation, two or more than two plastic processing devices can form various combinations according to the process sequence, and the garbage can be more efficiently treated.
In the twin-screw extruder, dechlorination and carbonization belong to chemical actions and relate to the damage of molecular chains of materials, which is different from the physical actions such as melting materials and the like which do not relate to the damage of the molecular chains under the normal action of the extruder. The molecular chain can be destroyed by applying strong shearing force and heat to the garbage material. The effect of heat is determined by the temperature, and the shear force of the twin-screw extruder is determined by the screw module combination and the screw gap. The method aims at the dechlorination and carbonization effects of the garbage materials, under a certain condition, the temperature and the screw shearing force play the same role, namely higher temperature is favorable for dechlorination and carbonization, and stronger shearing force is also favorable for dechlorination and carbonization at a certain temperature. However, too high a temperature increases the energy consumption cost, and at the same time, the higher a temperature makes the carbonization more serious and the carbonization degree difficult to control, and the thermoplastic component loses fluidity, which easily causes the locking of the screw, so that the material cannot be processed in the twin-screw extruder. Therefore, the requirements on temperature are reduced by shearing force, and dechlorination and carbonization actions and the operability of the process are both considered.
For the treatment of waste materials, in order to reduce the temperature, strong shearing force needs to be provided, so that on one hand, a strong shearing force module combination needs to be configured, and on the other hand, a smaller screw rod gap is needed, and the smaller the screw rod gap is, the larger the shearing force is. The clearance of the conventional screw is 0.3mm, and the processing of the garbage materials needs stronger shearing force for realizing dechlorination and carbonization, and researches show that the clearance of the screw is not more than 0.2mm and can play a better effect. In addition, aiming at the characteristics of garbage material treatment, the garbage material is gradually carbonized from entering the twin-screw extruder to leaving the twin-screw extruder, so the fluidity of the material is lower and lower, and the smaller screw gap is not beneficial to the material conveying, and the screw can be blocked seriously, so the screw gap should be larger at the tail end of the extruder, and researches find that the screw gap is not less than 0.4mm is proper, so aiming at the garbage material treatment, the extruder configuration with the variable screw gap needs to be selected, and the dechlorination, carbonization and the material conveying in the production process are considered, and the configuration of the screw combination is as follows: the front strong shearing small gap part is not less than 60% of the whole screw length, and the rear weak shearing large gap part is not less than 20% of the whole screw length. This variable gap screw combination design differs from conventional twin screw extruders which essentially perform the function of plasticizing melt, generally by die combination to control shear forces, while the screw gap remains essentially the same, without a variable gap screw combination. The strength of the shearing force can be indirectly measured by the linear velocity of the screw, and the linear velocity is required to be more than 0.4m/s for the treatment of the garbage materials. The garbage materials are subjected to dechlorination, carbonization, compression, expansion foaming and other processes in the double-screw extruder, certain residence time is required, and researches show that the residence time of the garbage materials in the extruder is more than 30s. The retention time of the material is determined by the length of the screw and the rotating speed of the screw, so that aiming at the treatment of the garbage material, the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the double-screw extruder is 40-80, the rotating speed of the screw is 100-1200rpm in the operation process, the shearing line speed borne by the material is more than 0.4m/s, and the retention time of the material is more than 30s. In addition, because the garbage materials contain chlorine and generate dechlorination reaction, acid gas can be generated, and the screw rod is made of corrosion-resistant materials; and the garbage materials may contain hard materials such as metal, glass and the like, and the screw rod material should also be made of wear-resistant hard metal materials.
The method is characterized in that the garbage materials are required to be dechlorinated at a lower temperature and at a higher temperature under the action of the temperature, for example, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material can be dechlorinated at a temperature higher than 200 ℃, then a vacuum system is matched to remove chlorine in the garbage, so that the toxic action on a catalyst in a subsequent high-value treatment process is avoided, other elements are removed from organic components at the highest temperature to realize carbonization, and the other elements are removed in a gas form to improve the carbon content in the materials.
In the plastic processing equipment, the material composition, the temperature condition and the vacuum degree are combined, and the bonding and foaming effects of the thermoplastic high polymer material melt are utilized, so that the material with a special hole structure and porosity can be prepared, the surface area is increased, the requirement of catalytic conversion of carbon elements is met, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst is improved.
Preferably, the vacuum degree is controlled to be-0.05 MPa or less.
In a preferred embodiment, the plastic processing equipment comprises a twin-screw extruder, and the high temperature means that the material temperature is 200-500 ℃, and more preferably 400-500 ℃. When the double-screw extruder is not specially designed and the adaptability is optimized, the higher temperature can ensure better dechlorination and carbonization.
In order to reduce the processing temperature, in another preferred example, the plastic processing equipment comprises a double-screw extruder with a variable screw pitch characteristic, wherein the front-end strong-shearing small gap part is not less than 60 percent of the length of the whole screw, the screw pitch is not more than 0.2mm, the rear-end weak-shearing large gap part is not less than 20 percent of the length of the whole screw, and the screw pitch is not less than 0.4mm; the high temperature means that the temperature of the material is 150-400 ℃. When the double-screw extruder is specially designed and adaptively optimized, the materials can undergo chemical reaction processes such as dechlorination, carbonization and the like at a lower temperature. On the basis, the plastic processing equipment further preferably comprises an internal mixer, and the non-meal household garbage is internally mixed for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the temperature of between 150 and 500 ℃ by the internal mixer and then is added into the double-screw extruder.
The invention also provides a high carbon-containing solid material prepared by the harmless high carbon conversion method of the non-food domestic garbage.
Preferably, the high-carbon solid material has the carbon content of more than 65wt%, the chlorine content of less than 700ppm and the bulk density of more than 0.55g/cm 3 The volatile matter is not more than 0.06wt%, and the porosity is not less than 10%.
The obtained high-carbon-content solid material can be made into particles through plastic processing equipment, can also be used for preparing powder materials with different particle sizes through a pulverizer, and can also be directly connected with a subsequent coal gasification device or a carbon conversion process to perform subsequent high-added-value conversion by utilizing high-temperature materials.
The harmless high-carbon conversion method of the non-meal domestic garbage can obtain the high-carbon-content solid material which does not contain toxic catalyst components, has high bulk ratio and contains a special hole structure.
As a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides the use of the high carbon containing solid material as a high calorific value fuel or for the gasification, liquefaction and/or chemical conversion of coal chemical processes into high value-added chemicals.
The harmless high-carbon conversion method of the non-food domestic garbage can be used for treating organic solid wastes of other non-domestic garbage, such as the treatment of industrial solid wastes, by adjusting technical parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that: the invention realizes the devolatilization, dechlorination, partial carbon formation, improvement of the bulk ratio, formation of a special hole structure and granulation of the non-meal domestic garbage by utilizing a thermoplastic polymer material, preferably a polyolefin material without chlorine, which is added or added into the non-meal domestic garbage in a plastic processing device through high temperature, shearing force, compression, expansion foaming and bonding of a polymer material melt, so as to obtain the high-carbon-content material with high bulk ratio, special structure and no toxic and harmful components. The method can utilize mature plastic processing equipment and also utilize the plastic processing equipment with improved adaptability, has simple process, convenient operation and high treatment efficiency, and can realize high-value recovery of non-meal garbage. The obtained high-carbon-content solid material is convenient to gasify, liquefy and convert into chemical products by utilizing the existing coal chemical industry process, realizes high-value recovery of household garbage, protects the environment and realizes economic value.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The non-food domestic garbage (garbage component 1) from a garbage recycling station is sorted and dehydrated to have the water content of 8.2wt%, and is crushed into blocks or sheets with the size of 2-4 cm by a crusher, and the content of a polyethylene and polypropylene mixture (thermoplastic component, chlorine-free polyolefin) is 12.2wt% by component analysis, so that the mixture can be directly used. Using a specially configured co-rotating twin screw extruder, the basic configuration of the extruder is: the diameter D =65mm of the screw, the length-diameter ratio L/D =52, the motor power is P =120KW, the interval of the screw at the front section of the screw combination is 0.2mm, the screw accounts for 70% of the length of the screw, the gap of the screw at the rear section of the screw is 0.4mm, and the screw accounts for 30% of the length of the screw. The processing conditions of the extruder are as follows: the maximum temperature is 350 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 600rpm, the vacuum is-0.06 MPa, no filter screen is added, and the die head pressure is 15MPa. The non-meal residues can be subjected to dechlorination, carbonization, melt compression, devolatilization and hole-containing particles through the extruder, and the following properties are characterized and tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
(1) Carbon content test
Reference standard: GB/T3780.25-2018 determination of carbon content, measure the carbon content in the garbage.
(2) Determination of chlorine content
Reference standard: GB/T6324.9-2016 part 9 of organic chemical product test method: determination of chlorine "measurement of chlorine content in refuse.
(3) Bulk Density measurement
Reference standard: ASTM D7481-2009 Standard test methods for determining bulk and bulk powder Density Using a graduated cylinder measures the bulk density of refuse.
(4) Determination of porosity
And testing the porosity of the treated garbage sample by a mercury intrusion method by using a mercury intrusion instrument.
(5) Volatile test
And testing the content of volatile matters in the garbage by a high-temperature thermal weight loss method. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 30min to constant weight, wherein the lost weight accounts for the weight of the initial material and is the percentage content of the volatile matter.
Example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the thermoplastic component in the non-meal household garbage (garbage component 2) from the garbage collection station was 6.2wt%, 5wt% of the recycled industrial polyethylene film was added before the twin-screw extruder treatment. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The same as in example 1 except that the maximum temperature of the twin-screw extruder was set to 320 ℃. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
The same as in example 1, except that the vacuum of the twin-screw extruder was set at-0.9 MPa. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that a 110 liter internal mixer with double rolls was used, the temperature was set at 250 ℃ and the mixing time was 60 minutes, and the mixture was transferred to a twin-screw extruder. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
The same as in example 1 except that 0.5wt% sodium hydroxide solids were additionally added to the feed. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 7
The same as in example 1, except that 1wt% of No. 64 white oil was additionally added to the feed. The properties of the treated materials are shown in Table 1.
Example 8
The same as in example 1, except that the twin-screw extruder had a full screw pitch of 0.3mm and the temperature was set at 400 ℃. The properties of the treated material are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
As in example 1, a 110L twin-roll internal mixer was used instead of the twin-screw extruder, the temperature being set at 350 ℃ and the mixing time being 60min. The properties of the treated material are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 except that only sorting, dehydration and pulverization were carried out and high temperature treatment was not carried out using a twin-screw extruder, the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1, except that the temperature was set at 130 ℃ and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
Example 2 the same, except that no 5wt% recycled commercial polyethylene film was added, the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 5
Example 1 the same was followed except that the waste was charged into a conventional high temperature gasifier at 350 c, and the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 6
The same as in example 1, except that the whole screw gap of the twin-screw extruder was 0.2mm, the screws were locked and failed to work normally.
Comparative example 7
The same as in example 1 except that the whole screw gap of the twin-screw extruder was 0.4mm, the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 8
The same as in example 1, except that the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder was 80rpm, the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 9
The same as in example 8, except that the maximum temperature was set at 320 ℃, the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-meal household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps: utilizing the thermoplastic polymer material with the weight ratio of more than 10 percent in the non-meal domestic garbage, or additionally adding the thermoplastic polymer material to ensure that the weight ratio of the thermoplastic polymer material in the non-meal domestic garbage is more than 10 percent, and utilizing the functions of vacuumizing, high temperature, shearing force, compression, expansion and foaming and the wrapping and bonding of the thermoplastic polymer material melt in plastic processing equipment in the presence or absence of an auxiliary agent to complete one or more of devolatilization, dechlorination, partial carbonization, increase of stacking ratio, formation of a special hole structure and granulation so as to obtain a high-carbon-content solid material;
the thermoplastic polymer material comprises a chlorine-free polyolefin material;
the auxiliary agent comprises at least one of a catalyst and a foaming agent for promoting the decomposition of the garbage components;
the plastic processing equipment is a double-screw extruder, or the combination of one or more of a single-screw extruder, an internal mixer and an open mill and the double-screw extruder; the maximum temperature of the double-screw extruder is 350 ℃;
the double-screw extruder is characterized by variable screw pitch, the front-section strong-shearing small gap part of the double-screw extruder is not less than 60% of the length of the whole screw, the screw pitch is not more than 0.2mm, the rear-end weak-shearing large gap part of the double-screw extruder is not less than 20% of the length of the whole screw, and the screw pitch is not less than 0.4mm;
the carbon content of the high carbon-containing solid material is more than 65wt%, the chlorine content is less than 700ppm, and the bulk density is more than 0.55g/cm 3 The volatile matter is not more than 0.06wt%, and the porosity is not less than 10%.
2. The non-food household garbage harmless high carbon conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-chlorine containing polyolefin material comprises at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene;
the catalyst comprises at least one of an acidic compound, a basic compound, and a compound that can generate an acidic substance during the high temperature process;
the acidic compound comprises at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid;
the alkaline compound comprises sodium hydroxide;
the compound capable of generating acidic substances in the high-temperature process comprises at least one of ammonium polyphosphate, diethyl hypophosphite, melamine polyphosphate and piperazine pyrophosphate;
the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.1-5% of the weight of the non-meal household garbage;
the foaming agent comprises at least one of an AC foaming agent, liquid hydrocarbon and white oil;
the addition amount of the foaming agent is 0.1-8% of the weight of the non-meal domestic garbage.
3. The harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-food domestic garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum degree is controlled below-0.05 MPa.
4. The harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-food domestic garbage according to claim 3, characterized in that the high temperature means that the material temperature is 200-500 ℃.
5. The harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-food domestic garbage according to claim 3, characterized in that the high temperature means that the material temperature is 150-400 ℃.
6. The method for harmless high-carbon conversion of non-meal household garbage according to claim 5, wherein the plastic processing equipment is a combination of an internal mixer and a twin-screw extruder, and the non-meal household garbage is internally mixed by the internal mixer at 150-500 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h and then added into the twin-screw extruder.
7. The harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-food waste household garbage according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the length-diameter ratio of the screw of the twin-screw extruder is 40 to 80, the rotating speed of the screw during operation is 100 to 1200rpm, the shearing linear speed borne by the material is more than 0.4m/s, and the retention time of the material is more than 30s.
8. The harmless high-carbon conversion method of non-food household garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-food household garbage is subjected to sorting, dewatering and crushing operations in advance, and then is mixed with thermoplastic polymer materials or is directly added into plastic processing equipment;
the dehydration means that the water content in the non-meal domestic garbage is reduced to be less than 10 wt%;
the crushing means that the non-meal household garbage is crushed to 2-4 cm.
9. The high carbon content solid material prepared by the harmless high carbon conversion method of the non-food waste household garbage according to any one of the claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the high-carbon-content solid material prepared by the harmless high-carbon conversion method of the non-food domestic garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as a high-calorific-value fuel or for the gasification, liquefaction and/or chemical conversion of coal chemical industry processes into high-value-added chemicals.
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Effective date of registration: 20240821 Address after: 211505 Zhongshan Science and Technology Park, Jiangbei new district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Nanjing Kangfa Rubber Plastic Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 211505 Zhongshan Science and Technology Park, Jiangbei new district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Nanjing Kangfa Rubber Plastic Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China Patentee before: ZHEJIANG University |